and never arrive to half the fize as they would do in 

 a more open expo! Lire. 



The walk^ot this garden fhould be ah^o proportioned 

 to i-he fize of the ground, v/hich in a fmail garden 

 fnould be four feet, but in a large one fix-, and on 

 each iidc of the walk faouki be allowed a border five 

 or lix feet wide betv/een the efpalier and the walk, 

 whereby the diftance between the efpaliers will be 

 greater,' and die borders being kept conflantly worked 

 and manured, will be of great advantage, to the roots 

 6f the trees; and in chefe^'borders may be fown fom»e 

 frnall fallad, or any other herbs, which do not con- 

 tinue lonp- or root deep, fo that the ground will not 



Wloft. 



Tiie breadth of thefe m'lddlt walks which I have here 



affigned them, may by many perfons be thought too 



' great ; but my reafon for this is to allov>^ proper room 



between the efpaliers, th.at they may not fnade each 



other, or their roots interfere and rob each other of 



their nourilliment : but where the walks are not re- 



|uired of this breadth, it is only enlarging of the bor- 

 !crs on each fide, and fo reducing the walks to .the 



c! 



breadcl; dejred. 



But the walks of thefe garden^, fnould not be gravelled, 

 for as there will conitantly be occafion to wheel ma- 

 nure, v/ater, &c. upon them, they would foon be de- 

 faced, and rendered unHghtly ; nor faould they be 

 laid with turf; for in green v/alks, when they are 

 wheeled upon or much trodden, the turf is foon de- 

 rtroyed, and thofe places v/liere they are much ufed, 

 become very unfighcly alfo ; therefore the beft walks 

 for a Kicchen-rarden are thofe which are laid with a 

 binding fand ; but Vv'here the foil is ftrong and apt to 

 detain the wet, there ftould be fome narrow under 

 ground drains made by the fide of the walks, to carry 

 off the v/et, otherwife there will be no,ufingof the 

 walks in bad weather; and where the ground is very 

 v/et, and the water is detained by the ftiffhefs of the 

 foil, if fome lime-rubbifh, flints, chalk, or any fuch 

 material as can be procured with theleaftexpcnce, and 

 ' IS laid at tlie bottom of thefe' walks; or if neither of 



r 



thefe can be hicT, a bed of Heath or Furze fhould be 

 laidi and the coat of fand laid over it; the fand will 

 be ]<ept drier, and the walks v/ill be found and good 

 in all feafons, Thefe fand-walks when they are well 

 laid, are by m.uch the cafieil: kept of any; for when 

 ' either v/eeds or Mcfs begin to grow, it is but fcuffling 

 them over with a Dutch hoe in dry weather,and raking 

 them over a day or two after, and they will be as 

 clean as v/hen firft laid. 

 ' I'he beft figure for the quarters to be difpof^d into, 

 is a fquare or an oblong, where the ground is adapted 

 to fuch a figure; otherwife they may be triangular, 

 or of any other fliape, which will be moil advantageous 

 to the.ground. - 



. V.'hen tlie garden is laid out in the fliape intended, if 

 ' the foil is ftrong, and fubject to detain the moifture, 

 or is naturally wet, there fliouki always be under- 

 ground drains made, to carry off the wet from' every 

 quarter of the garden, for otherwife moll forts of 

 kitchen plants will fufi^er greatly by moifture in winter;' 

 , and if the roots of the fruit-trees get into the wet, they 

 will never produce good fruit, fo that there cannot be 



too much care taken to let off all fuperflous moifture 

 .from the Kitchen-garden. » . 



■ Thefe quarters Ihould be conflantly kept clear from 

 - we'eds, and when any part of the ground is unoccu- 

 pied, it fliould always be trenched up into ridges, that 

 ■ it may fweeten and imbibe the nitrous particles of the 

 air, which is of great advantage to all forts of land, 

 and the ground Vtull then be ready to lay down when- 

 ever it is wanted. 



The ground in thefe quarters fhould not be fown or 

 planted with the fame crop two years together, but 

 the crops fnould be annually changed, whereby they 

 will prove much better tivan when theyconftantly grow 

 upon the fame fpot. Ind'^ed the kitchen-gardeners 

 near London, where the land is dear, are often obliged 

 to put the fame crop upon the ground for two' or 

 three years together ; but then they dig and manure 





1 





• K N A 



their land fo well every year, as to render it almcft 

 new ; though notwithftanding all this, it is confrancly 

 obferved, that frcfli land ahvays produces the bell- 

 crops. 



In one of thefe quarters, which is fituatcd neareft to 

 the ftables, and beft defended from the cold Winds- 

 or if either of the flips without the garden wall, which 

 is well expofed to the fun, lies convenient, and is of 

 a proper width, that fnould be preferred for a place 

 to make hot-beds for early Cucumbers, Melons, &c. 

 The reafons for my giving the preference to one of 

 , thefe flips, is, firft, there will be no dirt or litter 

 carried over the walks of the Kitchen-garden in winter 

 and fpring, when the weather is generally wet, fo that 

 the walks will be rendered unfightly; fecondly, the 

 view of the hot-beds will be excluded from fight ; and 

 laftly, the convenience of carrying the dung in'.o thefe 

 nips, for by making of a gate in the hedge, or pale, 

 wide enough for a hnall cart to enter, it may be done 

 with much lefs trouble than that of barrowing it thro' 

 , the garden ; and where there can be a flip long enough 

 to contain a fufiicient number of beds for two or three 

 years, it will be of great ufe ; becaufe by the fliiftino- 

 of the beds annually, they will fucceed much better 

 than when they are continued for a number of years 

 on the fame fpot of ground ;' and as it will be abfo- 

 lutely neceflTary to fence this Melon-ground round 

 with a Reed-hedge, it may be fo contrived as to move 

 away in pannels ; and then that hedge v;hich was on 

 the upper fide the firft year, being carried down to a 

 proper diftance below that which was the lower hedge, 

 - and which may remain, there will be no occafion to 

 remove more than one of the crofs hedges in^a year; 

 therefore I aiB perfuaded, whoever will make trial of 

 this method, v*^ill find it the moft eligible. 

 -The mbft important points of general culture confift 

 in well digging^ and manuring the foil, and giving a 

 proper diftance to each plant,' according to their dif- 

 . rent growths (which is conftantly exhibited in their 

 feveral articles in this book) as alfo in keeping them 

 clear from weeds ; for if weeds aae permitted to grpw 

 until their feeds are ripe, they will fhed upon the 

 ground, and fill ic fo as not to be gotten out again in 

 . feveral years. You ftiould alfo obferve to keep your 

 dunghills always clear from weeds, for it will be to 

 litte purpofe to keep the garden clean, if this is not 

 obferved ; for the feeds falling among the dung, will 

 be brought into the garden, whereby there will be a 

 conftant fupply of weeds yearly introduced, to the no' 

 fmall damage of your plants, and a perpetual labour 

 occafioned to extirpate them again. Another thing 

 which is abfolutely necefl^ary to be obferved, is, to car- 

 ry off" all the rcfufe leaves of Cabbages, the ftalks of 

 Beans and haulm of Peafe, as foon as they are done 



- with, for the ill fcent which moft people complain of 

 in the Kitchen-gardens, is wholly occafioned by thefe 

 -things being fuffered to rot upon the ground ; there- 

 fore when the Cabbages are cut, all leaves fhould be 



' carried out of the garden while they are frefti, at 

 . which time they may be "very ufeful for feeding of 

 ' hogs, or other animals, and this will always keep the 

 garden neat and free from ill fcents. As for all other 

 neceffary direftions, they will be found in the ardcles 

 of the feveral forts of kitchen plants, which renders it 

 needlefs to be repeated in this place.' 



KLEINIA. See Cacalia. .' 



K N A U T I A. Lin. Gen. Plant. 109. Lychni-Scabiofa. 

 Boerh. Ind. i. 131. 



^ This name was applied to this plant by Dr. Linnaeus, 

 in honour of the memory of Dr. ChriftianKnaut, who 

 publiftied, a, method of clafting plants. 



The Characters are, 

 i? bath a Jingle oblong empalement^ containing feveral p f- 

 cular floivers^ which are ranged fo as to appear regular y 

 but each irregular y having tubes the length of the empale- 

 menty but are cut at the brim into four irregular fegmentSy 

 the outer being the biggejl ; // hath four Jlamina the 

 length of thetube^ infertedin the receptacle^ terminated by 

 oblong incumbent fummits ; and a germen under the petals 



fupporting a faid^r Jiyle^ crowned by a thick bifdjfig^^^^^ 



which 



■ ^ 



\ 



