LAM 



fia-vhtc joiiied to the upper lip, two cfivhich are longer 

 than the other ^ terminated by ohlong hairy funmits. It 

 hath a four-cornered genneyi. Supporting a /lender Jlyle 

 fttuated vnth thejlamina, ar4 crowned by an acute two- 

 pointed fiig7n a ; the germcn afterward become four three- 

 cornered fcedsy fitting in the open empalement. 

 This genus of plants is ranged in the firft feftion of 

 Linnr^us's fourteenth clafs, inticled Didynamia Gym- 

 nofpermia, in ^vhich he ranges thofe plants whofe 

 flowers have two long and two ihorter ilamina, and 

 are fucceeded by naked feeds fitting in the empale- 



ment. 



The Species are, 



1. Lamium [Purpureum) foliis cordatis obtufis petiola- 

 tis. Hort. Cliff. 314. Dead Nettle with heart-floaped 



■ cbtufe leaves flanding on foot-fialks. Lamium parpu- 

 reum foetidum, folio fubrotundo, five Galeopfis Di- 

 ofcoridis. C, B. P. Purple fiinking Archangel, or Dead 

 Nettle^ or the Galeopfis of Diofcorides with a roundifh 



leaf. ■ ■ . ,.,■■. 



2. Lamium {Album) folils cordatis acuminatis ferratis 



petiolatis. Hort. Cliff. 314. Dead Nettle with pointed 

 heart'fhaped leaves, which are fawed^ and have foot- 

 flalks. Lamium album, non foetens, folio oblongo. 

 C. B. P. IVhite Archangel or Dead Nettle which does 

 not flink, with an cblong leaf, 



3. Lamium [Garganicum) foils cordatis pubefcentibus, 

 cbrollis fauce inf^ata, tubo redo dente utrinque gemi- 

 no. Lin. Sp. 808. Dead Nettle with heart-f japed hairy 

 leaves, and the chaps of the flower inflated, indented 

 with two teeth, Lamium garganicum fubincanum, 

 flore purpurafcente, cum labio fuperiore crenato. 

 Micheli. Hoary Dead Nettle with a purplifh flower^ 

 whofe upper lip is crenated. 



4. Lamium {Mofchatum) foliis cordatis obtufis glabris, 

 floral ibus felTilibus, calycibus profunde incifis. Dead 

 Nettle with heart-fhqped^ obtufe, fmoth leaves, the upper 

 fitting clofe to thefialks^ and empalements deeply cut, La- 

 mium Orientale, nunc mofchatufn, nunc fcetidum, 

 magno flore. Tourn. Con Eaft'ern Dead Nettle, fome- 

 times fweei-fcented and fometim^s ftinking, with a large 





flower, . ,..: ' - - : -. ; .'^'^--'^^ ^ 

 5. Lamium {Meliffafolium) foliis' cordatis nervofis fer- 

 ratis, petiolis longioribus^ caule eredlo. Dead Nettle 

 with heart'floaped veined leaves %vhich are flawed, and 

 longer foot-ftalks with an ereEi ftalk. Lamium mon- 

 tanum meliflTas folio. C. B. P. 231. Icon. PL 158. 

 Mountain Dead Nettle with a Balm leaf . , 

 There are feveral other fpecies of this genus, as alfo 

 fome varieties of it, but as moft: of them are weeds, 

 I have pafix^d them over, for there are few who care to 

 .. admit them into their gardens. 

 The firfl: fort grows naturally in mofl parts of Eng- 

 land, under hedges and by the fide of highways ; it is 

 alfo a troublefome weed in gardens, but as it Hands 

 in mofl of the difpenfaries as a medicinal plant, I 

 have chofen to infert it. This is an annual plant, 

 whofe fl:alks fcldom rife more than four or five inches 

 high ; the under leaves are heart-fliaped, blunt, and 

 Hand upon pretty long foot-ftalks, but tVe" upper 

 leaves fit nearer to the fl:alks V the flowers come out in 



whorls on the upper part of the flialk ; tfiey.^are of 

 . a pale purple colour^ and^ are fucceeded by four naked 

 feeds fitting in the empalement j after the feeds are 

 ripe the plant c^ecays. It flowers in the middle of 

 . March, when the autumnal felf-fown plants "^appear j 

 \^ thefe are fucceeded by others^ which continue in fuc- 

 ; ceflion all the fummer... ,. ;;;; ; . , 



';^ The fecond fort is commonly called Archangel; this 

 is alfo ufed in medicine, for which reafon I have enu- 

 merated it here.. The roots of this are perennial, 

 and creep much in the ground, fo is difficult to extir- 

 , pate, where it happens to grow under bufhes and 

 hedges; for the roots intermix with thofe of the buflics, 

 and every fn^all piece of them grow and fpread. The 

 ftalks of this rife much higher than thofe of the lafl:, 

 the flowers are larger, white, and grow in whorls 

 round the fl:alks -, thefe continue in fucceffion mod 

 part of the fummer. 



The third fort grows naturally upon the mountains 



I. A N 



in Italy; this hath a perennial creepin- root, j-uj-,5 

 which arife many thick fquarc Ualks a fuut lii^^li, ^jar- 

 niflied with hcart-fliapcd leaves wiiich arc hairy'^ placed 

 oppofice, ftanding upon pretty long foot-ilali.o • the 

 flowers come out in whorls at the upper joints of 

 the fl:alk, they are large, and of a p.tlc purniiih-co- 

 lour ; thefe continue in fucceirion nioll pare of the 

 fummer, and tlie flov;ers art fucceeded by fced^ v/hidi 

 ripen about fix weeks after. TKis may be pronv 

 gated by feeds, but as the roots fpread greatly in the 

 ground, fo when once it is obtained, it will prona;--^at'^ 

 fafl: enough v/ithout culture. ^ "^ 



The fourth fort grows naturally in the Archipela- 

 go; this is an annual plant, which, if permitted to 

 fcatter its feeds, the plants will come up and thrive 

 better than when fown by the hand. The plants come 

 up in the autumn, and during the winter their 

 leaves make a pretty appearance, for they are marked 

 with white fomevvhat like thofe of the autumnal Cy- 

 clamen ; the ftalks rife eight or nine inches lii^h 

 and are garniflied with fmuoth heart-fliaped leaves 

 placed oppofite ; tliefe in dry weather have a mulky 

 fcent, but in wet weather are fetid ; the flowers 





white, fl:anding in whorls round the ftalks. They ap- 

 pear in April, and the feeds ripen in June, then the 

 plants decay; this requires no culture, but to keep 

 the plants clear from weeds. 



The fifth fort grows naturally in Portugal ; this hath 

 a perennial root and an annual ftalk, which riles a 

 foot and a half high ; it is ftrong, iquare, and n;ro\vs 

 ercift ; the leaves are large, heart-fl-.aped, and nuich 

 veined ; they are deeply fawed on their edges, and are 

 placed oppofite. The flowers come out in wliorls 

 round the ftalks at every joint ; they are very large, 

 and of a deep purple colour ; thofe on the lower part 

 of the ftalks appear the beginning of May, whicli are 

 fucceeded by others above, fo that there is a continu- 



ahce of flowers almoft two months on the fame ftalks. 



- Cif" - 



This plant very 'rarely produces good feeds in Eng- 

 land, nor do the roots propagate very faft, fo that it 

 is not common here. '■ . /• ; 



The beft time to remove and part thefe roots is in Oc- 

 tober, but they muft not be tranfplanted oftener thaa 

 every third year if they are required to flower 

 ftrongly ; for the great beauty of this plant confifts in 

 the number of ftalks, which are always proportional to 

 the fize of the plants ; for fmalLplants will put out one 

 or two ftalks only, whereas the larger ones will have 



or ten. The roots are hardy, and will thrive 

 beft in a foft loamy foil. 



LA MPS AN A. See L^psana. ". . 



LAND. Its improvement. 



• I 



eight 



I. 



By inclofing. 



of the 2;reate(t 



Inclofing of Lands, and dividing the fan^ie into feve- 

 ral fields, for pafturc or tillage, is one of the prin- 

 cipal ways of improvement; firft, by afcertaining to 

 every man his juft property, and thereby preventing 

 an infinity of trefpaftes and injuries, that Lands in com- 

 mon are fubjed unto, befide the difadvantage of be- 

 ing obliged to keep the fame feafons with The other 

 • people who have Land in the fame field ; fo that the 

 fowing, fallowing, 'and tilling the ground, muft be 

 equally performed by all the landholders; and when 



. there happens a flothful negligent perfon, who has 



, Land intermixed with others, it is one 

 nuifances" imaginable. - Secondly, it being of itfelf 

 .a very great improvement ;' for where Land is pro- 



;^perly inclofed, efpeclally in open countries^ and the 



[ 'hedge-rows planted with timber trees, &c. itprefcrycs 

 the Land warm, and defends and flickers it from the 

 violent cold nipping winds, which, in fevere winters, 

 deftroy mucli ot the corn', pulfe, or whatever grows 

 on the open field or champain grounds. ' And where 

 it is laid down for pafture, it yields much more 

 Grafs than the open fields, and the Grafs will begin to 

 grow rriuchTboner in the fpring. The hedges and 

 trees v^-ill afibrd ftielter for the cattle from the cold 

 winds in winter, as alfo fliade for them in the great 

 heats of fummer. And thefe hedges afford the di- 

 ligent huft^andman plenty of fuel, as plough-boot, 



cart- 

 4- 



I 



