^ 



1 



E A 



•be lud according to either of the four firfl: v/ays of 



laying. 



but too mucli head mult not be left on, leil 

 that be injured by the wind, or by its own motion 

 rub olVthe tender root-, and the fmaller the boughs 

 arc, the Icis way they fhould be left out of tl;e 

 grouuv!, ;Mid care mutt be taken to keep chcm clear 



from weeds. 



Thr harder the wood of the tree is, the young fhoots 

 will tp.ke root beft -, but if the wood be fofc, the older 

 bouglis will take root the beft. 



- There arc many kinds of trees and plants which will 

 not put out roots from their woody branche?;, though 



- laid down with tlie utmoft care; yet if the young 

 flroots of the fame year are laid in July, they will often 

 put out roots very freely, fo that when any plants are 

 found difficult to propagate by Layers in the common 

 way, they ftiould be tried at this feafon -, but as thefe 

 ilioots will bs foft and herbaceous, they mull not 

 have too much wet, for that will caufe them to rot; 

 t!iei;efore it will be a better method to cover the fur- 

 tace of rlie ground over the Layers with Mofs, which 

 will prevent the ground from drying too faft, fo that 

 a little water now and then will be fufficient. 



L E A V E S. A Leaf is defined to be a part of a plant 

 extended into length and breadth, in fuch a manner 

 as to have one fide diftinguilliable from the other ; 

 they are properly the moft extreme part of a branch, 

 and the ornament of the twigs, and confift of a very 

 glutinous matter, being furnifhed every where with 

 veins and nerves ; one of their offices is, to fubtilize 



'- and give more fpirit to the abundance of nourilhing 

 fap, and to convey it to the little buds. 

 We fhall firft confider the diflinftions which are made 

 by botanifls in their definitions of the ffiape and form 

 of Leaves in their titles and defcriptions or plants, and 

 afterward confider their ufes in vegetation. 

 •The Leaf of a plant or tree is diftinguilhed from that 

 of flowers, the firft is called Folium^in Latin, and the 

 other Petalum ; therefore wfiat is To T)e* underftood 



1.1 



*- 



of Leaves, " are ttiofe 'which are ranged on the 

 branches and ftalks of plants, Ind have ho connedion 



■ with the flower. -- ^ -^-^^-' ^=- -^ - -- -^ 



. __ .^ either firnple or compound. ' 



- Simple Leaves are tliofe of which the foot-ftalk or 

 ipetiole fuppofts but one, compound are thofe of 

 ^ which the foot-ftalk fuftains many Leaves or fmall 

 ioliola. -" ' •/ 



Simple Leaves differ in refpedt to circumfcription, 

 angles, finus, apices, margin, fuperficies and fub- 

 . ftance ; circumfcription confiders the form of the cir- 

 cumference of Leaves where there are no angles or 

 " ftnuarions; in which refpeft Leaves are, 

 '--Orbiculare, or round Leaves {Orbiculatum) are fuch 

 >"'i*hofe breadth are equal to their length, and every 

 -part of their edges equally diftant from the center, as 



in iig. I, 



* r 



^ * 



-j.^ 



-■ - , , - . 



<^'^. i 





» - ' 



' A roundifli ll.Qd.f {Subrotundum) when theLeafls nearly 



crbiculate, as in fig. 2. — ^-■^ir'-^*-'''.-::-.y^.^p^--i^r''''^'* 

 ' '-Aw oval or egg-ftiaped Leaf (OT;^/«^)'whefi the Krigth 



' of the Leaf exceeds the breadth, and the bafe or Tower 



' part of it forms a fegment of a circle j but the upper 





as in 



extremity is not in proportion,*^" but fmaller, as 



*^An obveiTedvaTLeaf is one whofe foot-ftalk is' fixed 



„ r.^ its finaller end: - *- '^''^ ^^^i^:^ Z2t cv!u 







4 





f An oval^or, elliptic Leaf {Ovale ftve elUpticum) is one 



^ wliofe length exceeds^ its breadth^'and both ends are 



J harrov/er thah'tlie regments of cifcTes, as fig.^;-* ;* 



^ "^"A parabolical Leaf (ParaboUcufn) is orie wTibfe leiigth 



' v^^xcceds its breadth, and is narrowed from the bafe 



.'V.'i\-* 



"^'upward, fo becomes half egg-fhaped, fig, 5. 

 ';^A fpatulated Leaf {Spatulatum) is of a roundifh fi- 

 ' ure, but narrow at the bafe, and linearly lengthened. 



g- 



tfc 



exceeds the breadth, and is narrowed to the bafe. 



%• 



/ 



'it • - ,j 



).-^f\ 4 



t -' *. 



An oblorigLeaf (O^Z!?»^k;;?) is one whofe length greatly 

 exceeds its breadth", and each extremity is narrower 

 than a fegment of a circle, fig. 8. ' ' * 



■ 



I 



i 

 > 



E A 



A fpcar-fhaped or fpcar-pointed Leaf (Lnn.eohuinu' is 

 oblong, and grows narrower toward both ends zvA 

 terminates in a point, fig. 9. 



A linear Leaf (Lineare) is one whofe two fides run al- 

 moft parallel to each other ; they are ufually narrow 

 and fomewhat broader in the middle than at tJie two 

 ends, fig. ID. 



A chaffy L,to.f (Jcerofum) is when the linear Leaf flays 

 on the tree, and is evergreen, as in the Fir, Yew ec'- 

 fig II. 



An awd-fhaped Leaf {SuhulaUim) is one which isline-- 

 below, but gradually con;ra£ling towards the top 

 fig. 12. 



A triangular Leaf {Triangulare) is when the difk is 

 furrounded by three prominent angles, fig, i^. 

 A quadrangular and quinquangular Leaf, only differ 

 from the former in the number of their fides or an- 

 gles, fig. 14. 



A deltoide Leaf is one with four angles, of which 

 thofe of the extremities are farther diftant from tlic 

 center than thofe of the fides, fig, 15. 

 A round Leaf {Rotundum) is one without any angles. 

 A finus {or Hollow) is ufed to exprefs thofe openings 

 or cavities in Leaves which diftinguilh them into parts. 

 A kidney-fliaped Leaf {Reniforme) is of a roundifh fi- 

 gure, and hollowed a little at the bafe, but without 

 any angles, fig. 16. 



A heart-ffiaped Leaf {Cordatum) when they are ovate 

 and hollowed a little at the bafe, but without any 

 angles, fig. 17. 



A moon-ihaped Leaf {Lunulahim) is a roundifh Leaf 

 hollowed at the bafe, with two curvilinear angles in 

 form of fickles, fig. 18. 



An arrow-fhaped Leaf {Sagittatum) is one which is 

 ' triarfgular,^ and hollowed at the bafe for the infertion 



of the fpot-ftalk, fig. 19. 

 '■' A Jieart arrow-lhaped Leaf {Cor datum- fagittatum) is like 



former, but the fides of jt are convex, fio-. 20. 



'-pointed Leaf (i/<^^>«OT) is of a triangular form, 

 'the fides and bafe of which are hollowed, and the an- 

 gles fpreading fo as to refemble a Leaf compofed of 



J * -i 



•; three parts, fig, 21. 



'A fiddle-fhaped Leaf {Pandur^ forme) is oblono-, 

 largei" at both ehds than in the middle, the two fides 

 being comprelTed like the body of a violin, fig. 22. 



" A cleft or divided Leaf {Fijftim) is divided by linear 

 finuations and ftrait margins ; from the number of the 



' divifions they are termed a two, three, or many pointed 

 leaf, fig. 23. ' ' '"'"' 



A lobated Leaf (Lc^<3/«»2) is one which is divided al- 

 moft to the midrib, into parts which ftand diftaiit from 

 each other, and have convex margins according to 

 the number of thefe parts ; it is called bilobed, tri- 

 lobed, or quadrilobed, &c. fig. 24. ; ■; 



A handed Leaf [Palmatum) is one which is divided 



-• f.S-- 



,» : ij. 



' ■ Vi 





yt^Jl r-^ if^ 



into feveral longitudinal fegments down td the bafe, 

 ; where they are united, and refemble an open hand, 



A wing-pointed Leaf {Pinnatijidum) is one which is 

 tranfverfly divided into oblong horizontal divifions, 



g. 20. 



A'lyre-lhaped 'Lczf {Ljr/itum) h one which is divided 

 into tranfverfe fegments, the upper ones being larger 



-'ffian'^fKe lower, which are"^^ farther afunder, fig. 27. 



""A^'IacTriiated or jagged Leaf {La'cmiaiim) is one wKofe 

 Xides' ^te varioufly divided into jag^, which are again 



'■divided without any order, fig::^8. '' ' V" 



*;A finuatedLeaf (5/««i^/«w) is one which has many fi- 

 niiationV oh its fides, 'but is n6nndented or notched 



on its 



t>-s, fig. ^2.^^\ ^ ,. ' , , 



An Indented finiiated Leaf {Hentato-finuatum) is one 

 like the former, but the fide lobes are of a linear 



figure, ^^^v^^'r'f / ^"^^^ ;*' ' " ' ; 



A divided \^t2.^ {Partiiurn) is one which is divided 

 into many parts to the bafe, fo as to ap>pear like many 

 Leaves till clofely examined. Thefe are called bipar- 

 tite, tripartite, &c. according to the number of parts, 

 fig. 30, '^' • ' 



An entire Leaf {Integrum) is one that is undivided, 



and has fmootli edges, 

 4 



* * J . - -r 



Apex 



