M A 



Tvl A 



The 



•*. 



will not take upon any other fort of fruit tree. In 

 the niirferics there are three fort of ftocks generally 

 ufed to graft Apples upon ^ the firft are called free 

 ftocks i thefe are raifed from the kernels of all forts 

 of Apples indifferently, and fometimes they are aUo 

 ternu'd Crab ftocks ; for all thofe trees which are pro- 

 duced from the feeds before they are grafted, are 

 termed Crabs without any diftinftion ; but, as I have 

 before obferved, I fliould always prefer fuch ilocks 

 as arc raifed from the kernels of Crabs, where they are 

 preffed for verjuice -, and I find feveral of the old wri- 

 ters on this fubjeft of the fame mind. Mr. Auften, 

 who wrote above a hundred years ago, lays, 

 " ftock which he accounts beft for Apple grafts is 

 " the Crab, which is better than fweeter Apple-trees 

 " to o-raft on, becaufe they are ufoally free from 

 " canker, and will become very large trees ; and, I 

 conceive, will laft longer than ftocks of fweeter 

 Apples, and will make fruits more ftrong and hardy 

 to endure froft ;" and it is very certain, that by 

 frequently grafting fome forts of Apples upon free 

 ftocks, tlie fruits have been rendered lefs firm and 

 poignant, and of ftiorter duration. 

 The fecond fort of ftock is the Dutch Creeper, be- 

 fore-mentioned i thefe are defigned to ftint the growth 

 of the trees, and keep them within compafs for 

 dwarfs or efpahers. . 



The third fort is the Paradife Apple, which is a very 

 lowihrub,,£o only proper for trees which are kept in 

 pots, by way of curiofity, for thefe do not continue 



long. ■ .. ', --. '. .i. 



(c 



(( 



«c 



plinred IP rov/5 three feet afundcr, and the plants orr^ 

 loot diftance in the rows, clofing the cartli pretty f -4 

 to then- roots ; when the ftocks are trahfplantecl out 

 oi the leed-bed, the firft autumn after fowina thev 

 need not be headed, but where tliey are inclined to 

 ftaoot downward, the tap root muft'be ftiortcncd in 

 order to force out horizontal roots ; if the f^round is 

 pretty good in which thc^e ftocks arc planted, and the 

 weeds conftantly cleared away, the ftocks will make 

 great progrefs, fo that thofe which are intended 'for 

 dwarfs, may be grafted the fpring twelve months 

 after they are planted out of the feed bed ; but thof- 

 which arc defigned for ftandards will require two or 

 three years more growth, before they will be fit to 

 graft, by which time they wili be upv/ard of fix feet 

 high. The other neceflliry work to be obferved in 

 the culture of thefe trees, while they remain in the 

 nurfery, being exhibited under the article of Nur- 

 sery, I Hull not repeat in this place, 

 I ftiall next treat of the manner of plantinf^ fuch of 

 thefe trees, as are defigned for efpaliers in the^kitchcn- 

 garden, where, if there is an extent of o-round it 

 will be proper to plant, not only fuch forts*^as areVor 

 the ufe of the table, but alfo a quantity of trees to 

 fupply the kitchen ; but where the kitchen-garden is 

 fmail, the latter muft be Applied from ftandard-trees, 

 either from the orchard, or wherever they are planted-, 

 but as many of thefe kitchen Apples are laro-e, and 

 hang late in the autumn upon the trees, they°will be 

 much more cxpofed to the ftrong winds on ftandard 

 trees than in efpaliers, whereby many of the fruit 

 will be blown down before they are ripe, and others 

 bruifed, fo as to prevent their keeping -, dierefore 



^aould always prefer ^hc 



f - 



r 



Some perfons have made ufe of Codlin ftocks for 



grafting of Apples, in order to ftint their growth ; 



but as thefe are commonly propagated by fuckers, I 



would by no means advife the ufing of them ; nor 



would I chufe to raife the Codlin-trees froiii flickers;' 



but rather graft them upon Crab ftocks, which will I ^ fhould, i>ot be lefs than thirty feet, for fuch fortsas 

 : ?:;gaufe the fruitjq be .firmer, laft longer, and have a j are of moderate growth (if upon Crab or free ftocks:) 

 , .ibarper^flavour y and th^fe trees will laft much longer j but the larger growing forts fliould not be allowed 

 _:,, found, *Vnd never pW'out fuckers, as the Codlins al- T >, lefs room than thirty -five or forty fcQt, which, will 



plantmg them m efpaliers. - . ' . >, 



The diftance which I fhould chufe to allow thefe trees. 



_;.:ways do, which, if not conftantly taken off, will weak- 

 r-^n the tfee^V'and caufe them to canker i and it is not 



..only from the roots, but from the kQOts of their ftems, 



' i^lthere are generally a great number of ftrong %oots 



vC^-produced, which fill the' trees with ufelefs ftioots, 



2i.tand render them utiffghtly/and the fruit fmall^and 



' ^crumpled. - - ■ .;.v/:g^t.^i 



. The method of raifing ftocks from the kernels of 



Crabs, or Apples, is, to procure them where they are 



preffed for veijuice or cyder, and after they are 



' cleared of the pulp, they may be fown upon a bed of 



: .!ight earth, covering them over about half an inch 



thick with the fame light earth; thefe n:iay be fown 



, ^in November or December, where the ground is dry, 



but in wet ground, it will be Setter to defer it till Fe- 



' bruary; but" then the feeds fliould be p)referved in 



dry fand, and kept out of the^ reach of vermin, for 



if mice or rats can get at theiji^, they will devour the 



feeds 5 there fhould alfo be care taken of the feeds, 



>vhen they are fown, to prote£l them from tKefe ver- 



\ min, by fetting tr^ps to take theifiV &c.' In the fpring, 



-when, the plants begin to appear, they muft be c^re- 



. .fully weeded, ^aad J£ the feafpn fhould prove Jry, it 



'; will be or great fervice to water them two or three 



•^ times a week j ancJ, during tKefuinmer, they muft be 



; 4cfept ctean from weeds, which, if fuffered to grow. 



^. 



foon 



fe 



:the nurfery the Oftober following, at which time the 



^CTound fhould be carefully digged, and cleanfed from 



the roots of all bad weeds ; then the ftocks fliould be 



be found full near enough," if the ground is good, 

 • gndt|i?.trep5. properly trained ; For as the branches 

 , of thefe trees fhould noc be fhortened, but traine3 at 

 , their full length, fo^in a few years chey^will be found 

 to meet.' Indeed, at the firft plantmg, the diftance 

 . will appear fo great to thofe perfons" who have not pb- 

 ... ferved the vigorous growth of thefe trees, that tKey 

 ^ , will ftippofe they never can extend their branches fo 

 ,: far,_as to cover the efpalier ; but if thefe perfons will 

 but obferve the growth of ftandard-trees of the fame^ 

 kinds, and fee how wide their branches are extended 

 on every fide, they may be foon convinced, that as- 

 thefe efpalier-trees are allowed to fpread but on ;wo 

 fides, they will of courfe make make more progrefs, 

 as the whole nourifhment of the root will be em- . 

 ^ ployed in thefe fide branches, than where there is a 

 greater number of branches on every fide of the trfee, 

 which are to be fupplied with the fame nourifhment. - 

 The next thing to be obferved is the making choice 

 of fuch forts of fruits as grow nearly alike; to plant 

 in the fame efpalier. This is of great confequehce, 

 '. becaufe of the diftance they are to be placed, other- 

 y^'ik thofe forts which make tlie largeft ftioots, may 

 beallo^ved lefs room to fpread than thofe of fmaller 

 growtlT; befide, when all the trees in one efoalier 

 are nearly equal in growth, they will have a better 

 appearance than when fome are tall, and others fliort; 

 but for the better inftrudtion of thofe perfons \yho are 

 not converfant in thefe things, I fhall divide the forts 



, of Apples into three claftTes accordins: to their different 

 growths.:.' ■, \ 



:i? 





- -- -■ J 





.1 



, 4 



' _>; 



* y. 



•• 



r. r 



.\ 



*i it 



-'T 



>*' 



■»- 





V ■ 





V ^-^ 



-f ' 



-* 





.- 1 



■ 



* r 



' : • 



f .. 



- > 





- ■ 



r - 



^* 



■ 





- r 



f - V- 



r 



1 1 



F • 





A . - ■ ' 





-y 



.-V.i., 







* 



^%-\- - 





^ ^V' 



Ik t 



If' - 



*^" 



; > 



«■ 





• -■ 



< 



■^ 



'r , 



It- \ h- • 



f • ^ 







■ ' 





■ J -' 







k. 



