M A 



M A L 



Largeft growing tree. 



All the forts of Pcarmains. 

 Kentifh Pippin. 

 Holland Pippin. 

 Monftrous Renette. 

 Royal Ruflfct. 

 Wheeler's Ruflet. 

 Pile's Ruflet. 

 Nonpareil 

 Violet Apple. 



Middle growing tree. 



Smalledorrowins: tree. 



to 



Margaret Apple, 

 Golden Renecce, 

 Aromatic Pippin. 

 Embroidered Apple. 

 Renette Grife. 

 White Renette. 

 Codlin. 



Quince Apple. 

 Tranfparent Apple. 

 Golden Pippin. 

 Pommc d'Api. 

 Fenouilleti or Anis A.pplc. 



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N. B. Thefe are all fuppofed to be grafted on the fame fortofftocks. 



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If thefe Apples are grafted upon Crab flocks, I would 

 willingly place them at the following difl:ance from 



. each other, efpecially where the foil is good, viz. the 

 laro-eft growing trees at forty feet, the middle grow- 

 ing at thirty feet, and the fmall growing at twenty- 

 five feet, which, from conflrant experience, I find to 

 be full near enough ; for in many places, where I 

 have planted thefe trees at twenty-four feet diftance, 

 they have fliot fo ftrong, as that in feven years their 



. branches have met -, and in fome places where eVery 

 other tree hath been taken up, the branches have al- 

 moift joined in feven years after-, therefore it will be 

 much the better way to plant thefe trees at a proper 



»* diftance at firft, and between thele" to plant fome 

 Dwarf Cherries, Currants, or otKer forts of fruit,' to 



:. bear for a few yearsV which may be cut away when 

 the Apple-trees ^ have extended their branches to 



V them j for when the Applb-trees are planted nearer 



Ji together, few perfohs care to cut down the trees, 



' when they are fruitful, fo that they are obliged to 



ufe the knife, faw, and chifel, more than is proper 



• for the future good of the trees ; and many times, 

 where perfons are inclinable to take away part of their 



, trees, the diftances will be often fo irregular (where 



i there was not this confideration in their firft planting,) 

 astorendcrtheefpalierunfightly:^^^^^^' '''' *"^ 



.^: Whcii the trees are upon the Dutch Dwarf ftock,' the 

 diftance fhould be for the larger growing trees thirty 



-p feet, for thofe of middle growth twenty-five, and the 



^fmallcfl: twenty feet, which will be found full near 



'wHere the trees thrive well. '" -•^f!^ 



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\: The" next is the ^choice of the trees, which fhould not 

 -^be more than two^r^Vs'gfov^th ffoiii'tHe'g'faft; but 



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all bruifed roots cut off; and if there ^ are any mif- 

 ^ P%^d^ roots which crpfseach other, they fhould q.lfo 

 ; u6 cuTaway. As to the pruning of the head of thefe 

 ' trees, there heed be nothing niore done tharilo cut 

 t off any branches which sfrb fo fituWted,^ asf that tKey 

 '- cannot ^e trained to the line of the efoalier : iii the 

 ' ^^ planting, there mufl be care taken not to place their 

 roots too deep in the ground, efpecially if the foil is 

 ';moift, but rather 'raife them" on a little hill, which 

 ^ will be necefTaty to allow for the'faifing of the bbr- 

 ^ ders afterward. The beft feafon for * planting thefe 

 trees (in all foils which are not very moift) is, from 

 Oftober^'to the middle or latter end of November, 

 according as the feafon continues mild ; butYoTobn 

 as the leaves fall, they may be removed with great 

 fafety. After the trees are planted, it will be pro- 

 per to place down a ftake to each tree, to which the 

 branches fhould be fattened, to prevent the winds 

 j^om fliaking or loofening their roots, which will de- 

 Itroy the young fibres ; for when' thefe trees are 



planted pretty early in autumn, they will very foon 



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out a great number of new fibres, which, being 



Vy*^^ -^^^d<-^r> are Toon BrbTceh, by'the wind fhaking 



bf the trees, whereby they are greatly injured. If 

 Che winter fhould prove fevere, it will be proper to 

 lay fome rotten dung, tanners bark, or fome other 

 fort of mulch about their roots, to prevent the froft 

 from penetrating of the ground, which might da- 

 mage thefe tender fibres v but I would notadvife the 

 laying of this mulch before the froft begins, for if 

 it is laid over the furface of the ground about their 

 roots, foon after the trees are planted (as is often 

 |)fa6lifed,) it" will prevent the moifture entering the 

 ■"'ground, and do much more harm than good to the 





trees. 



thofe of one year fhould be ' preferred; you fhoujd 



- alfo be careful, that their flocks are young, found, 

 \. and fmodth, free from canker, and which have not 

 •been ciit down once or twice m the itiurfery ; wKen 

 ^ they are taken lip; all the'Tmall fibres fhould be en- 



> tirely cut off from their roots, which, if left on, will 



^- turn mouldy and decay, fo will obftruft the new fi- 



':bres, which will foon'pufh biiti in their growth ; the 



V extreme paffbf the roots mufl alfo be fhort^ned, "and 



The following fpring, before the trees begin to 



^ pufh>' 'there fhould be two or three fhort flakes put 

 * cbwri on eicli fide every' tree," to which the branches 

 fhould be faftened down as ^horizontally as pofTible, 

 never cutting them dfown, as is by fome praftifed, 

 tor there will be no dangeroi their putting out branches 

 endiigh to furnifh the efpalier," if the trcesafe once 

 well eftablifhed in their neV dliaiiers.> r^ j4't"' -;; 

 In the pruning of^thefe trees, the^chjcf point is, ne- 

 ver to fhorten any of the branches, unlefs there is 

 an abfolute want of fhobts' to fill the fpaces" of the 

 efpalier j for where the knife is much ufed. It only 

 multiplies ufelefs fhoots, and prevents^ their fruiting ; 

 fo that the beft method to manage thefe trees is, to 

 go over them three or four times i:i the growing fea- 

 ■ fon, and rubpffall fuch fhoots as are irregularly pro- 



■ ■ duccd, and traia the others down to the flakes in 

 the pofition they are to remain : if this is carefully 



^" performed in'fummer, there will be little left to be 

 done in the winter, and by bending of their Ihoots 



v^ from tim^"t6 time', aS they are producedr there" will 



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'/^e no occafion tp ufe force to bring them down, rior 



^*^ny danger of breaking the branches. The diflance 



/which thefe branches fhould be trained from each 



•'-other, for the largefl forts of fruits fhould be about 



feven or eight inches, and for the fniaUer fgur or five. 



■ Jf thefe plain inllruftions are followed, it will fave 



y much unnecefTary labour of pruning, and the trees- 



^*' will, at all times, make ' a handfome'appearartcTe -, 



whereaS*^ Mfhep they are fufFered to grow^rude in fum- 

 •'' mer, there will be much greater difficulty to bring 

 -'down their fhoots, efpecially if they are grown flub- 

 - born, when it may become necefTary to flit the branches 

 tb'rhalie them pliable. AH the forts of Apples pro-- 

 i-'duce' their fruit upon curfons, or fpurs, fb^ that 

 '-- thefe fhould never be cut off, for they will continue 

 fruitful a great number of years/ \^^' /2 ::r ^^^ : ; , 

 The method of making the "efpaliers' having been 

 already exhibited under that article, I need not re- 

 peat it here, but only obferve, that it will be beft to 

 /'"defer makine the efpalier till the trees have had three 

 -or four years growth j for bcrore that time, the 

 • ^^'Brahches may be fuppofted by a few upright ftakes, 

 fo that'fhefe will be ho neceflity to make the efpalier, 



■ ■ until there are fufficient branches to furnifli all the 



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lower part. - 



I fliall now treat of the method to plant orchards, fo 

 as to have them produce the greateft profit. And 

 firft, in the choice of the foil and fituation for an or- 

 chard ; the beft fituation for an orchard is, on the af- 

 c^nt of the gentle hills, facing the fouch, or fouth- 

 eafti but this afcent mufl not be too fteep, lefl the 

 earth fhould be wafhed down by haftv rains. There 



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