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The firft fort is what the College of Phyficians has 

 dircded to be ufed in medicine. Tlie leaves and tops 

 of the plants are efteemed hot and dry, pectoral, and 

 aood to free the lungs from thick viicid phlegm, and 

 thereby to help old coughs, efpecially in cold moift 

 conftitutions, the juice being made into a fyrup with 

 fugar or honey j they open obftruftions of the 

 liver and fpleen, and are very ferviceable ap;ain(l the 

 dropfy? jaundice, green flcknefs, and obftru6tions of 

 the catamenia, and fuppreflion of the lochia, and 

 other diftempers of the female fex, for which few 

 herbs go beyond this. The officinal preparation is 

 ' the fyrupus de Praffio. 

 The fourth fort is fuppofed to be Galen's Madwort ; 

 this was by the antients greatly recommended for its 

 efficacy in curing of madnefs, and fome few of the 

 moderns have prcfcribed it in the fame diforder, but 

 at prelent it is feldom ufed ; it is a biennial plant, 

 • which generally perifhes after it hath perfected feeds. 

 AH thefc plants are preferved in botanic gardens for 

 the fake of variety, but there are not above, two of 

 the forts which are cultivated in other gardens ; thefe 

 are the tenth and eleventh forts, whofe ftalks are 

 fhrubby; the plants are very hoary, fp make a va- 

 riety when intermixed with other plants ; thefe very 

 rarely produce feeds in England, fo are propagated by 

 cuttings, which, if planted in a fhady border the mid- 

 . die of April, will take root pretty freely, ' ^ 



They are fomewhat tender, fo in very feverc winters 

 are killed, unlefs they are fcreened from the hard 

 frofls, efpecially thofe plants which grow in good 

 . ground, where they grow luxuriant hi fummer, {o 

 their branches are more replete with juice, and very 

 liable to fufFer by cold ; but when they are in a poor 

 dry rubbilh, the roots will be fhort, Hrm, and dry, 

 fo are feldom injured by cold, and will continue much 

 longer than thofe in better ground. 

 P-The other forts areeafily propagated by feeds, which 

 - {hould be fown on a bed of poor earth in the fpring, 

 mi when the plants come up they muft be kept 

 clean from weeds j and where they are too clofe they 

 Ihould be thinned, leaving them a foot and a half 

 afunder, that their branches may have room to 

 read i after this they require no other culture -, 

 ey may alfo be propagated by cuttings, in the fame 

 manner as the other two forts. If thefe plants are 

 ^ Upon a dry poor foil, they will live fcveral years, but in 

 '. rich land they feldom laft above three or four. " 



MARRUBIUM NIGRUM. ;;5ee Ballc 



. M A R T A G O N. See Lilium. 



~^ A R T Y N I A. Hpuft." Gen. Nov. Marty 



42. [This name was given by the Tate Dr. William 

 •^.-.Houftoun to this genus of plants, which he difc6vered 

 V;. in America, in honour of his friend Mr. John Mar- 

 /^;tyn, who was Prpfeflgr of Bot^y at Cambridge.] ' 



x.. 





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TVS 



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--The Characters are,. ^rvji J"- ^ 

 The empaiement of the jlpwer ts cut,, into five parts, 

 -V^tJkee of them are ere^^ and twofeflexei- The flower hath 

 K.$n€ petals which Jl iell-Jhapedy with, ^ a large fw filing 

 ^Juk, at the tafe of which ijjituated a gibbous neSarium, 

 T 'ITherJm of the petal is cut Jligbtly into five ohiufe feg- 

 /-mhh^ two of which are turned upward, the other three 

 Cdowmvard^ reprefenting a lip flower. - - ft \ hath four fien- 

 r cvifer incurved flamina, which are inflexed into each other, 

 "^ fi terminated by fut^its^ which are cqnne£led together: It 

 ^M'hatl an oblong germenfltuatedmder the flower, fupporting 

 '^ .a Jhort Jiyle, crowned by a plain fligma^ The empaie- 

 ment afterward' turns to an oblong gibkQUS capfule, which 

 ■ :" ^Vides into, two parts, including a hard nut, fhapcd like 

 . the hojy of a flag beetle^ with two incurved ftrong horns 

 i. at the end, having four cells ^ two' of which are generally 

 ■:■ harren^ the oiUr two have one oblong feed in each. , * 

 This genus of plants is ranged in the fecond, fedion 

 , of Linnasus's fourteenth clafs, which includes the 



two 





mina, and the feeds are included in a capfule.' 

 he Species are, > , 



I. Martynia {Annua) caule ramofo, foliis angulatis. 

 Lin. Sp. Plant^. 61 8,, Martynia with, a branching flalk 

 md angular leaves^ Martynia annua villofa & vif- 



I - 



^ * 



S 



M A 



* 



cofa, folio fubrotundo, flore magno rubro. HcvJ*!^ 

 Jnnual, hairy, vifcons Mar tyina, with a roundtp kaf^ 

 and a large red flower. 



2. M 



Lin. Sp. Plant. 618. Martynia <ipith afrngL flalk and 

 flawed leaves. Martynia toliis fcrratis. Lin. HorC. 

 Cliff. Martynia ivith faived leaves, 

 'MAKTYii I A (Louiflana) caule dccumbente famoni, fo- 

 liis integris fruclibus longiffimis. Martynia %mth a de- 

 cumbent branching flalk, entire leaves^ and very Un'^ fruit. 

 The firll of thefe plants was difcovercd by the late 

 Dr. William Houftoun, near La Vera Cruz, in New 

 Spain, from whence he fent the feed? into En^rland^ 

 which fucceeded very well in l\\t Phyfic Garden at 

 Chelfea; and in the year 173 1, fevefal of thefe plants 

 were raifed, which produced their be^lutiful fi wers, 

 and perfected their feed, from whence fcveral plants 

 were raifed the fucceeding year. 



This rifes with a ilrong, herbaceous, hairy ftalk near' 

 three feet high, which divides upward into three or 

 four large branches, garnifhed with oblong oval leaves, 

 cut into angles on their fides-, they are five Inches 

 long, and three ihches and a half broad at their bafe, 

 where they are broadeft, ending in obtufe points v 

 they are hairy, and very vifcbus, flicking to thd fingers 

 if handled. The flowers are produced in lliort fpikes 

 , from the forks of the branches, and aifo at their tops j 





they are fhaped like thofe of t!je Foxglcv 

 . of JL paler purple colour ; thefe are fucceeded by ob- 

 ^ long oval capfulej, which are thick, toUgh, and 

 clammy /theie, when ripe, divide into two parts, 

 leaving a large hard nut hanging on the plant, about 

 the fize, and much, of^ the fame form, as the flag 

 beede, with two Ttrong ' crooked horns ^at^the end, 

 "The nut has two deep longitucflnal furrows on the 

 fides, and feveral fmaller crofling^eac'h'oirief in the 

 middle. It is fo hard, that it is with diiEcuIry cut 

 open without injuring of the feeds: \yithin are four 

 oblong cells, two of which have generally a fingle ob- 

 long feed in each, but the other two are abortive^ If 

 the plants are brought forward in the fpring, they will 

 begin to fhew their flowers in July, which are firft 

 produced at the divifion of the branches, and af- 

 terward at the extremity of each branch, fo there 

 . will be a fuccefllon of flowers on the fame plant till 



the end of Oftober^ v^hen the plants decay. 

 . The fecond fort was difcovered by Mr. Robert Mil- 

 lar, growlAg naturally aboutCarthagena in New Spain* 

 from whence he fent the feeds to Eurof/e ; this hath a 

 perennialj-pot andean ,^^nnual, ^^^^^^ dec'ays 



cyery autumn, and new ones arife in the Iprii^. Tho 

 -^ roots of this plant are thick, fielhy, and divTded into 

 ^..feotS, which are fcaly, fomewhat like thofe of Tooth- 

 r' wort ; thefe fend up feveral flalks, which groi^' about 

 'a foot high ; they are thick, fucculent, and of a pur- 

 - plifh colour, garnifhed with oblong thick leaves, 

 ,^ whofe bafe fits clofe to the ftalk; they areTiwe3 on 

 their edges, ^^ough on their upper fide, where the/ 

 .are of a dark green, but their under fide is purplifh. 

 The ftalk is terminated by ^ fhort fpike of blu^ 

 flowers, which are' beTt-Ihaped, and do not fpread 

 open at the nm 10 much as the former fort; thefe 

 ^, ufually appear in July. or Augufl, but ar^ not Ibc- 

 "ceeded by feeds in EneUnd, ^ •• ,-n - ^.> ;'^>i 



The firfl fort, bein 



pots 



*pagated by feed, wnich fhould be fown In 



,^^with light rich e^rth, and plunged into' a Iiot-bed of 



tannery bark, whqe (if the earth is, duly watered to 



; promote the vegetation of the fetd) the plants will 



-:, appear m about three weeks or a month, and will 



grow pretty rait it the bed is warm; they fhould 



^' therefore be irknfplanted^ in a little time' a^ef'^hey 



'^V .^'cbnie uf), each int^ a feparate poV filled tvith light 



' rich earth, and then plunged into the hot-bed astain- 



.^ obferyingto water them well, as alfo to fnade them 



from the fun uhtiVthey have taken new root ; after 



which time they" IKbuld have a large fhare of frefh air 



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ment the plants will make great' progrcf^, fo as tp 



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