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for this purpofe, fo the better way is to propagate 

 them by cuttings, which, if rightly chofen and Ikil- 

 fuliy managed, will take root very well ; and in' this 

 method there will be no difficulty in having them 

 from trees at a diftance, and from the mod: truicful 

 branches. Thefe cuttings ihould be the fhoots of 

 the former year, with one joint of the two years 

 wood to their bottom ; the cuttings fhould not be 

 Ihortened, but planted their full length, leaving two 

 or three buds above ground. The belt fealbn for 

 planting them is in March, after the danger of hard 

 froft is over ; they Ihould be planted in light rich 

 earth, preffing the ground pretty clofe about them ; 

 and if they are covered with glafTes, it will forward 



fuch 

 be 



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their putting out roots ; but where there is not 

 .conveniency, the ground about them fhould 

 covered with mofs. 



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prevent its drying ; and 

 where this is carefully done, the cuttings will re- 

 quire but Iktle water, and will fucceed much bet- 

 ter than with having much wet. - If the cuttings 

 fucceed well and make good fhoots, they may be 

 tranfplanted the following fpring into a nurfcry, 

 where they Ihould be regularly trained to' ftems, by 

 fixing down flakes by each, to v/hich the principal 

 i jlhoots fhould be fattened; and moft of the lateral 



.,v branches fhould be clofely pruned off, leaving only 



.\ two or three of the weakeft to detain the fap, for 



/I the augmentation of the ftem ; for when they'are 



..r. quite divefled of their fide fhoots, the fap is mounted 



A tto the top, fo that the heads of the trees grow too faft^ 



; for the flems^ and become' too weighty for their fup- ' 



:; • port. In about four years growth in the^riuffery, they 



.,t; will be fit to xranfplant where they ane to remaih'; for 



-t>^- thefe trees are traniplanted with greater fafety while 



,; j.young, than when they are o?a large fizeV -1 *^''*' 



^rjvjf the cuttings are planted in a bed fully expbfed to "the 



^/ fun, it will be proper to arch the bed over with 



■': hoops^ that they may be Ihaded with mats in the 



b. heat of the day during the Ipring, till they have put 



,i. out roots; after which, the more they are ex|>ofed 



;to _the fun, the better they will fucceed, provided 



J, the ground is covered with mofs. or mulch to prevent 



:5^»its drying, for the fun will harden the fhoots, and 



!?vthereby they will be in lefs danger of fuffering by the 



,:,, early frofts in autumn ; for when thefe are in a fhady- 



:| lituation, they are apt to growvigoroufly in fummer, 



l^\;ib will be replete with moifture, and the early frofts 



(jliin Oftober frequently kill their tops'; aftcf if the fol- 



jiJowing winter proves feVere,^ they ar^ often killed to' 



jLtiieir rootsi and fornetimes arc entirely deflroye'd;^ I 



1 ' have two or three times made trial of planting the 



*:: cuttings of Mulberries on a ho6-b'edJ and Eavfe foijnd 



V them fucceed extremely welU. This I was led" to By' 



, -iobferving fome flicks of Muiberry-tree3%hich were 



cut for forks,' land thruft into . the hot-bed to fafteri 



at fuch a diftance as not to keep off the fun ; for where 

 the fruit has not the benefit of his rays to diflipate 

 the morning dev/s early, they will turn mouldy and 

 rot upon tlie trees. There is never any occaflon for 

 pruning thefe trees, more than to cut oft' any of the 

 branches which may grow acrofs others, fo as to rub 

 and wound their bark, by their motion occafioned by 

 the wind ; for their flioots fliould never be fliortcned, 

 becaufe the fruit is produced on the youno- v/ood. 

 The fecond fort grov/s naturally in Sicily, from 

 whence I received a parcel of the feeds, and raifed a 

 good number of the plants; all thefe were totally 

 different in their leaves from the common Mulberry, 

 fothat I am certain of its being a diftinct fpecies. It 

 is alfo a tree of humbler growth, but the fruit is fmall 

 and has no flavour, fo is not v/orth propagating ; 

 fome of the trees produced fruit two or three jears in 



the Cheifea garden. 



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The white Mulberry Is comm6nly cultivated for its 



leaves to feed filk-worms in France,' 'Italy, "Sec. 



though thePerfians generally make ufe of tfie cbmmou 



black Mulberry for that purpofe ; and I have been af- 



l fured by a gentleman of honour, who has made trial 



■ • pf both forts of leaves, that the worms fed with thofe 



,1 of the black fort produce much better filk tharl thole 



•4 fed'with the white; but Ke obferves that the leaves 



of the black fort fhould never be given to the worms 



after they hav^"eateh for fome time of the white,"' left 



cafe \vhen 



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the worms fhould burft, which is often the 

 .li 'they are thus'treate'd-.^'^-i?*^^^^^'-^'' '^ -■^- • ''' j;-- 

 _>"The trees which 'are defigned to fe^d filk-worms, 

 k^ fhduld neVcir b^' fufFered 'to grow tall, but rather'kept 

 tin a fort "of hedge V and' inftead of pulling^pff the 

 ■' 'leaves fingly^'they Ihould he fheared off toj^^her 



IS much loPner 





4 



.down the Vines of CucumSers f wKich,= ?!Sthough 

 j.'they had been cut* from thfe tree a^cohfiderable'ttme. 



13 



yft many of therti'put out roots and fhbtout brandhes; 

 '*' ib that where any perfpn is in hafte to propagate thefe 

 H trees, if the cuttings are plahtecJ on a moderate hot- 

 uFed, they will take root much fooner than in tlie coiti- 



:^qiQagfouna:"if;i-^iM;|y:>#r^ 



;^ This tree delights to growin rjch light earth, ^fuch as 



-v; is in mofl of the old kitchen-gardens about London, 



k'. where there is alfo a great depth of earth ; for in Tome 



'i.ofthofe gar'deris there are'trees' of a; very great age, 

 r^ W^ch arc very health/ and fruitful,' ahd their fruit is 



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cr and better flavoured than thofe of 'youne^er 

 ^ trees, v.^ I have never yet feen any of thefe trees v/hich 



planted in a very ftiff foil, or on fhallow ground, 

 either upon cfay, chalk, or ^^vel, which have been 

 healthy or fruitful, but their ftems and branches* are 



with their young branches'^' -which 



- doi^e, and not fo injurrous'*to the'tree7^tvrv-"^-*^^-^^^^^ 

 * 'This white fort may bfe ^?o|)agatfed eithWfrom feeds 



or layers, as the black Mulberry, and is equally hardy j 



but the moft expeditious method of raifing thefe tr 



in quantity, is from the feeds, which may be pro- 



■ ' cured in plenty from the fouth of France or Italy : the 



beft way to fow thefe feeds in England, is to make a 



- moderate hot-bed, which Ihould be arched over with 

 ■ ** hoopfe, and covered' with'mats ; upon this bed the 

 ■'- feeda fhould be fown in the end of March, and co-' 



- vered over with light earth about a quarter of an 

 i' fnch deep : in very dry weatlier the iDed rnuft be fre- 



^jlquently'wat^red, and in the'heat "of the (:5ay^Ih'aded 

 :'■ with rft'ats, an'd alfo fovered m Afe' nights when they 

 bi are cold ; with this management the plants will come 

 , - up in five or fix weeks, and as ^they are tender when 

 l'^ they firft appear,'' fo they muft be guarded agalnft frofty 



V ffiprililigs,' which often happen inMay,"afrd deftroy 

 A' fuch tender plants; during the fummer they my^ be 



* kept clean ^irom weeds, which Ts all the culture they 

 tJ^^require: but there muft: be care taken of them the firft 

 V/^ .Winter, eipecially td cover them m autumn, when the 



V firft frofts comeV which will kill the tender plants to 



• * the ground, if they are not prote6led ; the foUowin 

 j; March thefe plantsThoiild be' trahfplanted into the 



t* hurfefy to getftrerigth, wKere Ihey mSy r^tfi^Trt two 

 ;^,jor three years, and then fhould be rempved where j:hey 

 _are to cpntinue/jj;^^i:r;v^r-'-^:v^^'^^ 



-rr'There are two or three varieties of this tree, which 



of 



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'''differ in ttfe Ihape of their leavesy^^fize; and 



" " ' ir fruit ; but as tKey*3fe of no^bftaiufb^tMiibr 



u -their leaves, the ftrongeft fhooyng and thejargeft 



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.covered with mofs, fo that the little fruit which they 

 metimes produce are fmall, ill tafted, and late be- 

 fore they ripen, k; i!i 'M' ;^^ 0^ -• 1 



;. If thefe trees'are planted in a fituatlon where they are 



defended fron^ the ftrong fouth and north- weft winds, 



.It will preferve their fruit from being blown off j' 'but 



: this fhelter, whether it l^e trees or btnlSings/fhould be 



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*^aff» ' 



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:;. leaved fhould bej)referred.^^^"*^ > r-^^t?Tv^^^ 

 iv The "third" fort, which is the large-leaved Virginian 

 -> Mulberry'with black ftibofiSj'Is'rnoreuhcoiiimoh 'than 

 74;either of the foflfeer ; there is' a large tree of this 

 .. : growing in the gardejis of the Bifhop of London at 

 ^vFulham, which ha'sbeen'feveral years in inhabitant 

 ;::;lof that garden, but has never produced any fruit that 

 ;--\I'could learn,'"SutTiath' fonie years a great number of 

 .. • katkins; much like thofe of the Hazel-nut, whichpc- 

 ^' i'jcafioned Mr. Ray to give it the name of Corylus; 

 *;>vfcut it may be one of the rnale trees which do not pro- 

 Kfcduce fruit, als it fomctlmds happens in the corhfeon 



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