O N O 



The fourth and fifth forts are low fhruoby plants, 

 >vhich are propagated by feeds. The fourth is too 

 tender to thrive in the open air in England, unlcfs it 

 is planted in a v/arm fituation, and in very fevere 

 froft covered to proteft it. If the feeds of both thefe 

 forts are fown upon a bed of light earth in April, the 

 plants will come up in May, when they mud be kept 

 clean from weeds •, and if they are too clofe, fome 

 of them {hould be carefully drawn 'up in moift wea- 

 ther, and tranfplanted at four or five inches diftance : 

 thofe of the fourth fort upon a warm flickered border, 

 but the fifth may be planted in a (hady border, where 

 they will thrive very well ; after thefe have taken root, 

 the plants will thrive very well, but mull be kept 

 clean from weeds till the following autumn, when 

 they may be tranfplanted to the places where they 

 are to remain ; thofe plants which were left growing 

 in the bed where they wcrd fown, mufl: alfo be treat- 

 ed in the fame way. Thefe plants will not thrive in 

 pots, therefore Ihould always be planted in the full 

 round, where the fifth fort will flourilh greatly, and 

 requently fend up many plants from their roots, 

 but the other is more impatient of cold.^ Thefe plants 



' will flower the fecond year, and make a fine appear- 

 ance during the continuance of their flowers, and the 

 fifth fort will produce feeds in plenty* 

 The fixth fort is propagated by feeds, which fliould 

 be fown thin in drills upon a bed of light earth ^ and 

 when the plants come up, they mufl. be kept clean 

 from weeds till the' autumn. When they fliould be 

 carefully takcrx up, and tranfplanted into the borders 

 of the pleafure-garden, where they are to remain ; 

 the fecond year they will flower*' and produce ripe 

 feeds, but the roots' will continue fevej-al years', and 



.arc very hardy." ' "-^ 

 The feventh, eighth, and eleventh forts are hardy 

 annual plants ; thefe are propagated by feeds, which 



.ihbuld be lowii in the places where the plants are to 



jjmain, and will, require no other care but to thin 



■.them where they are too clofe, and keep them clean 



■ from weeds. 



' The ninth fort is a hardy perennial plant, but as it 

 makes but little appearance, fo it is rarely preferved, 



. unlcfs in botanic gardens for the fake of variety j it 

 fifes yearly from feed, and will thrive in any foil or 



'-"",' " - 



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O N O 



fupporting aflender ftyk teryninatsd bj a crowned jVtgma. 

 Thegermn becomes afmgU feed crowned witbdown^ Jit- 

 ting in the empalement. 



This genus of plants is ranged in the firft feaion 

 . of Linnseus's nineteenth clafs, which includes chofc 

 plants with compound flowers, whofe florets are all 

 hermaphrodite and fruitful. 

 The Speciep. are, 



1. Onopordum {Acanihiian) calyclbus fquarrofis, foliis 

 oyato-oblongis finuaris. Lin. Sp. Plant. 827. Woolly 

 ^hijile with rough cmpalenzents^ and oblongs oval^Jinuated 

 leaves, Carduus tomentofus, acanthi folio, vulgaris. 

 Tourn. Inft. R. H. 441. Common JVoolly Tbifile with a 

 Bearjbreech leaf. ^ ■ 



2. 0?;opoiiDUM {Illyricum) calycibus fquarrofis, ipinis 

 foliis ianceolatis pinnatifidis. Lin. Sp. Plant. 1158. 

 Woolly Thiflle with rough ernpalementSj and narrow 

 leaves ending in many points. Carduus tomentofus, 

 acanthi folio anguftiori. Tourn. Inft. R. H. 441. 

 Woolly ^hiflle with a narrotver Bearfhreech leaf. . ^ • *" '. 



3. Onopordum {Arabicum) calycibus imbricatis. Hort. 

 Upfal. 249. Woolly Thijile with imbricated empalements. 

 Carduus tomentofus, acanthi folio altifllmus, Lufita- 

 nicus. Tourn. Inft. 441. Talkfi woolly ThiJlle of ^ or* 



; tugaly with a Bearfbrecch leaf ' "^ " ;". 



4. Onopordum {Orientale) calycibus fquarrofis, foliis 

 i ^oblongispinnato-finuatisdecurrentibus, capite magno. 



Woolly Thiflle with rough empalements.^ oblongs Jinuatedy 

 \ -wing-pointed leaves running along theflalk^ and a large 



bead, Carduds' tbnilfritofusi acanthi folio Aleppicas, 

 \ -magno flore. Tourn, Inft. R. H. 441. Woolly 'Thijik 



of Aleppo with a Bearfbreech leaf and a large flozver, 



lubacaule. Lin. 



« 



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1 



!. 



■'f f,> 





fituation* 



^>*i?'^»' 



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4-: 



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^, Onopordum {Acaulon) 





Woolly "Thifile with a h'ead Jitting"'clofc to ' the' ground. 



r 



1 



There are fome "other fpecies' of this geniiS/'which 

 are pi-eferved in botanic gardens, and alfo feveral va- 

 rieties differing in the colours of their flowers •, but 

 as thefe plants are rarely admitted into other gar- 

 dens, fo it would be to little purpofe to enumerate 

 them here. 



The firft fort grows naturally on uncultivated places 

 in moft parts of England. It is a biennial plant -, the 

 firft year it puts out many large downy leaves, which 

 are finuated on their edges, and are prickly i thefe 

 fpread on the ground, and continue the following 

 wihter,*^ and in the fprin'g'arlles tlie ftalk in the mid- 



The fourteenth fort is an annual plant;" the feeds of 

 this muft be fown upon a moderate hot-bed in the 

 fpring, and, when the plants are fit to 'remove, tt\ey 



ihould be tranfplanted to another thoderate hot-bed' to \ I die of tK^ Teaves,^ which; ^pioA'^dunghills, or good 

 bring the plants forward, treating them in the fame 

 . way as the African and French Mary gold. ^Tn June 

 they Ihould be taken up with balls of eartK to their 

 roots^ and tranfplanted into the opeh'bordersi'^ where, 

 if they are fhaded till they have taken rootr they 

 wul thrive and flower the following month, and per- 

 fedt their feeds in autumn. ■- '■ ' "^ ^ '^'^-^^ft;: iM-il^^ii 1 



•■*■' 





ground, grows five or fix feet high, dividing up^-v*' 

 ward into many branches, which have leafy borders ■ 

 running along thenf, "indented, and each indenture 



ftalks are terrtil- - 



IS 



terminated by a fpinc. 



heads of 



The 



\ nated by fcaly heads of purple flowers^ • which 



; appear in June, and to thefe fucceed oblong angular^; 



\ feeds crowned with*'a' Kaify dovvii, %hich aflift their~" 



The eighteenth fort Is a tender plant! ^ The Teedsof I \ fpreadirig about toa great diftance by the wind, io j\ 



> 



thisfhould be fown upon a good hot-bed in the fpring, 

 and when the plants are fit to remove, they fhould be 

 each planted in a fmall pot filled with light loamy 

 Catth, and plunged into a hot-bed of tanners bark, 

 obferving to Ihade them from the fun till they have 

 taken new joot, after which they muft be treated in 

 the fame way as other tender plants from the fame 

 Countries. >>Tn autumn they ftiould be removed into 

 thejDark-ftove j tlae fumm.er following they will pro- 

 duce flowers, but they do not often perfei6t, feeds in 

 England. ';.^:^/ - ■-'^^H^hmm^^j^^J^iis^ "^^^^^ .i^;^4^^-'^^v 



ONOPORDUM. Lin. Gen. Plant.' •834.*- Vaill. 



^Aft. Par. '17 1 8. Carduus. Tourn. Inft. R. H. 440. 



tab. 253, Woolly Thiftle ; in French, Chardon. -"■,./ 



The Characters are, ■ *;r -'lir- ;' - 't -^^r t%.v:- 



The common empalemsnt is roundifo.^ bellied.^ and imbri- 

 cated.^ compofed of numerous fcales terminated by fpines, 

 The flower is compofed of many hermaphrodite floret s.^ 

 which are funnel-fljapedy equals and uniform., having 

 narrow -'tuhes fwelling at the britjiy cut into five points -, 

 they have five fhort hairy Jiamina, terminated by cylindri- 

 cal fummits^ and an oval germen crowned with down^ 





that where the plants are permitted to ripen their 

 feeds, they often become troublefome weeds. 'A^^r-'j 

 The fecond fort grows natually in Spam, Portugal, - 

 and the Levant ^ this rifes with a taller ftalk than the 

 former, the leaves are much longer and narrower,, and ' 



-i the indentures on their fides are regular, ending m* 

 i fliarp fpines.-cThe head's of flov/ers are larger, and 



' i the fpines of the" empalement are longer thanthofc of . 



; thefirft fort:^ 







* -* ^ 



;i> ^ 



" ; The third fort grows to the height of nine or jtea 



; feet ; the ftalks divide into many brandies -, tlie leaves ' 



1' are longer than any of the other Tpecies ; the heads 



f of flowers are large and of a purple colour; the em- 



\- palement hath the fcales lying over each other lik« 



,^ the fcales of filh. This grows naturally in Spain and 







; PortucraL v ■ ;'H ':-.: 



'The fourth fort grows'^nafurally about Aleppo -, this 

 rifes with an uptight branching ftalk kytn or eight 

 feet high -, the |eaves are long and are regularly finu- 



"'ated on their borders, like wing-pointed leaves j the 



heads of the flowers are very large, arid the empale-, 



ment is very rough and prickly. . - -^^ - ;; ^- 



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