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taem have too much, or be too often watered, efpe- 

 cially before they are rooted 



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in to fhoot, you muft give them a large (hare of air, 



y raifingthe glaffcs, otherwil'^* th^ir ihoots will draw 

 up fo weak, as not to be able ^o fupport themfclves •, 

 and after they have taken ftrong root, you fhould 

 inure them to the aif by degrees, and then remove 

 them into the ftove where they Hiould remain, placing 

 them near the glafles, which fnouW always be open- 

 ' ed in warm weather ; fo that they may have the ad- 

 vantage of a free air, and yet be protefted from wet 



and cold. - . - 



During the fummer feafon thefe plants will require 



' to be often refrefhed with Watt^f, but it mufl; not be 



'given to them in large quantities left^ it rot them, 



and in winter this fliouUl b^^ proportioned to the 



• warmth of the ftove^ for if the air be kept very warm 



they will require to be often re^eilied, otherwife their 



branches will Ihrink ; but if the houfe be kept in a 



moderate degree of warmth, they fhould have but lit- 



lie, for moifture at that feafon will rot them very foon. 



The heat in which thefe plants thrive beft, is the 



temperate point, as marked pn botanical thermome- 



' ters, for if they are kept too ^v^^m in winter, it caufes 



their fhoots to be very tender, ^veak, and urifightly. 



. Thofe forts which are inclinable to grow upright, 



^fhould have their branches fupported with (lakes, 



otherwife their weight is io great, that it will break 



them <lown. , " ' I Tf plough in the green fward the fpring before you plant 



Thefe plants are by moft people expofed to the open I - the trees j and if you will permit it to lie a fummer 

 'air in the fummei: feafon, but they thrive^ much bet- faljovvjjt: will greatly mend it, provided you ftir it 

 ter if they are continued In th^'ftoves, provi'ded^^ the j .'t\vo or \hree times to rot the fward of Grafs, and 

 glafles be kept open, fo that tbey'riaay have'Tree air ^ 

 for when they are fet abroad, the great rains which 

 generally fall in fummer, together with the^unfettled 

 temperature of the air in our climate, greatly climi- 

 nifh their beauty, by retarding "tWir growth-, and 

 fometimes in wet fiirnmefs they are fo replete with 

 moifture, as to rot in the fucceeding winter; nor 

 ■will thofe plants which are fet abroad (I mean the 

 tender forts) produce their flov/ers and fruit in fuch 

 ; plenty, as thofe which are conftantly preferved in^the 

 houfe. 



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fhould plant large growing timber-trees at fomc dif- 

 tance from the Orchard, to anfwer this purpofe. . 

 You Ihould alfo have a great regard to the diftance 

 of planting the trees, which is what few people have 

 rightly confidered; for if you plant them too clofe, 

 they will be liable to blights ; the air being hereby 

 pent in amongft them, will alfo caufe the fruit to be 

 ill tafted, having a great quantity of damp vapours 

 from the pcrfpiration of the trees, and the exhala- 

 tions from the earth mixed with it, which will be im- 

 bibed by the fruit, and render their juices crude and 

 unwholfome. 



Wherefore I cannot but recommend the method which 

 has been lately pradifed by fome particular gentlemen 

 v/ith very good fuccefs, and that is, to plant the trees 

 fourfcore feet afunder, but not in regular rows. The 

 ground between the trees they plough and {ow with 

 Wheat and other crops, in the fame manner as if it 

 were clear from trees j and they obferve their crops 

 to be full as good as thofe quite expofed, except juft 

 under each tree, until they are grown large, and af- 

 ford a great (hade ; and by thus ploughing and tilling 

 the ground, the trees are rendered more vigorous and 

 ' ' ' , Ibarcely ever having any Mofs, or other 

 marks of ' pd\^erty, and will abide much longer and 

 t" produce better fruit. 



.; If the ground in which you intend to plant an Or- 

 '. .,. chard has Been pafture for fome years, then you fhould 



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ORANGE. . See Aurantium. 

 Orchard, in planting of an Orchard, great 

 cafe ffiould be had to the, nature of the foil^ and fuch 

 I forts of fruits only fhouK\ be chofen^ as are belt 

 ' adapted to the ground defigned for "planting, other- 

 ^^wife there can be little hopes of their fucceeding ; 



.J' and it is for want of rightly obfcrying this method, 

 *^' that we fee in manj ccuntries Orchards planted, which 



""* never arrive to any toleratile degree j)f perfeftion, the 

 "trees ftarving;' and their bodies are either " covered 

 ^, with Mofs, or the bark cracks and divides, both 

 ^^';whi|:h are evident figns of the ^eaknefs of the trees ; 

 ..whereas. If inftead of Apples the Orchard had been 

 : planted with Pears, Cherries, oi' any other fort; of 

 tifuit better adapted to the fpil, the trees might h^ve 

 "* ;rown very, well, and produced great quantides 'of 

 ruit. 



prevent weeds growing thereon. 

 At Michaelmas you flioul4 plough it pretty 3eep, in 

 order to make ic loofe for the roots of. the trees, 

 ■ ■'wRTc^'lliould Be planted thereon in Odtober, provided 

 . the foil is dry ; but if it be moifl, the beginning of 

 March will be a better feafon. v The diftance^ if de- 

 figned for aclofe prchard, nauft not bejefs than forty ^ 

 feet, but the trees planted twice that diflance "will 

 fucceed better. '" . .' . . ./ " 



,^When you have finiflied planting the trees, you 

 . fhould provide fome flakes to fupport them, other- 

 wife" the wind will blow them out of the ground; 

 which will do them much injury, efpecially after they 



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^..:As to the polition" of'tlie Orchard, (if you are at full 

 ^^^liberty to chufe) a rifirig ground, open tpjhp fouth- 

 ^eaftj, is to be preferred ; but I vfonld] bj^o^ means 

 !^;a(fvifc planting upon the fide ofa hill, wfiere the de- 

 ^'^cllvity is very great j for in fuch places the greafraifis 

 Jfommonly w'afh down tKe' better part of the ground, 

 ^whereby the treeis would be deprived of proper nou- 

 rifhment;; but where the, rife is gentle, it is of great 

 ^':jdvanta"ge to the trees, by adrriitting the fun and air 

 ^ between thenT^ t)etter than it can tipori an^entire level ; 

 ^- which.,}? M exceeding benefit to^fhc;j^^ by diflipat- 

 ringfogsanddrvinffup the damps, which, when de- 

 ^: tained aniongft the trees, miX wicn the air and render 

 _it rancid: if it be defended frorn the Vef[:,*n6fth, and 



eaftjvinds. It will alfo ^rehde the fituation ftillmqre 



advantageous, for it is chiefly from thofe quarters 



that fruit-trees receive the greateft injury -, therefore, 



. if the place be not naturally defended from thefe^l^y 



J. riling hiU^ ,^^'hich is always.to be'pj'eferred,) then yoU 



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have bjen planted fome time; for the ground in the 

 autumn Being wa'rm, and for the moft part moift, 

 the trees will very foon pufh but a great numtefof 

 youhg fibres J which, if broken off by their being"-- 

 dilplaced, will greatly retard the growth of the trees, ^ 

 In the Ipring following, if the feafon fhould prove 

 dry, you fhould cut a quantity of green fward, whicH^ ^ 

 ihuft belaid upon the furface of the grou/id about ^ 

 their roots, turning the Grafs downward, which will '■ 

 prevent the fun and wind from drying the ground, / 

 whereby a great expence of watering'Vill be faved ; 

 ^nd after the firft year they will be out of danger, ' 

 I provided they have taken well;' 



Whenever you plough the ground betwixt th^fe 

 trees, you muft be careful not to go too deep amongft 

 their roots, left you fhould cut them off, which would -i 

 greatly damage the trees; but if you do it cautioufly,"- 

 the ftirring the furface of the ground will be of great 

 ^ benefit to them; thbuglr you Ihould obferve, never 

 'r to fow too near the tVees, nor fufier any great rooting 

 >. weeds to grow about them, which would exhauft the 

 ' goodnefs of the foil, and ftarve them. 

 If after the turf which was laid round the trees be 



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rotted, you dig it in genply about the roots, it will 

 "^^ reatly encourage them^^;* , , " : "\^'^ /^^ 



^here are fome perfons who plant many forts of fruit 

 together in the fame Orchard, mixing the trees alter- 

 nately ; but this is a method which Ihould always be 

 avoided, for hereby there will be^ a great difference 

 'Jjin the growth of the trees, which will not only ren- 

 ^, cler them'unfightly, but alfo the fruit upon the lower 

 ' J^rees ill tafted, by the i:all ones overfhadqwing them ^ 

 irfo t^at if ybii are" determined to plant feveral forts 

 ",6f fruit oil the fame fpot. you ftould obferve .to 



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