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two valves, and foon fall away. The flowers are I haked, fuftaining at the top one very laro-c flower, of 

 compofed of four large roundifh petals, which are 

 narrow at their bafe, but fpread out into a circular or- 

 der; they are of a beautiful fcarlet colour, and' loon 

 fall off. Thefe appear in June, and are fucceedcd by 

 cblono" fmooth heads, crowned by the flat target- 

 fliaped fl:igma, and perforated in feveral places at the 

 top, filled with fmall purplifh-coloured feeds. There 

 are feveral varieties of this with double flowers, culti- 

 tivated in gardens ; fome of them have white flowers, 

 others have red flowers bordered with white, and 

 fome have variegated flowers ; but as thefe varieties 

 have been produced by culture from the feeds of the 



the fame colour with the common red Poopy. Thefe 

 appear in May, and are fucceeded by oVal fmooth 

 capfules, filled with purplifli feeds. 

 There are two or three varieties of this which differ 

 only in the colour of their flowers ; and I have been 

 informed, there is a double flower of this kind but 

 i have not feen it. Tournefort fays, the Turks eat the 

 green heads of this Poppy, although they are very bit- 

 ter and acrid. 



The eighth fort is the common black Poppy, the 

 feeds of which' are fold in the fhops by the title of 

 Maw-fecd. The fort with fingle flowers groWs in the 



common fort, they fliould be included in that fpecies. [ warm parts of Europe naturally ; this is annual ^ the 



The fecond fort grows naturally among the Corn in 

 rnany parts of England ; the leaves of this fort are 

 much fmaller than thofe of the firll, and are cut into 



ftalks rife three feet high ; they are fmooth, and divide 

 into feveral branches, and are garnifhed with large 

 leaves, which are fmooth, and deeply cut or jagged 



much finer fegments -, the ftalks are flender, a little I on their edges, embracing the flialks with their bafe. 

 more than a foot high, not fo branching as th-e for- | The flowers gfow on the top of the ftalks j they are 

 mer. The flowers are not fo large, and of a deep 

 purple colour, very foon falling away, feldom lafl!ing 

 more than a whole day -, thefe are fucceeded by ob- 

 long prickly heads, filled with fmall black feeds. It 



Compofed of four large roundilh petals of a purplifli 

 colour, with dark bottoms, and a^e fucceeded by oval 

 fnMX)th capfules filled with black feeds. It flowers in 

 June, and the feeds ripen the latter end of Auguft. 

 There are great varieties in the flov/ers of this fort, 

 fome having very large double flowers, which are va- 

 riegated of feveral colours ; fome are red and white, 

 others purple ^hd white, and fonie are finely Ipotted 

 like Carnations ; fo that during their fhorc continu- 

 ance in flower, there are few plants whofe flowers ap- 

 pear fo beautiful ^ but having an offenfive fcent, and 

 The flowers are not half fo large" as either of the for- J being of Ihort dtaratiohi they are not much regarded. 



The third fort grows naturally among Corn in fome 

 parts of England, but not in fo great plenty as either 

 of the former. The leaves of this are finer cut and 

 fmaller than thofe of the firfl: fort, but are not fo fine 

 is thofe of the fecond ; the ftalks do not rife fo high as 

 either of the former, and feldonri have marly branches. 



looting 



iiief, and are of a copper colotiri falling away in a | The leaves of this fort are ufed as an ingredient in 



few hours. Thefe appear in May, and arc fucceeded 



. by long, flender, prickly heads, which are channelled, 



■ filled with fmall; black, ftirivelled feeds. " ^ 



'" The fourth fort grows naturally on the Alps, among 



f ' the rocks; The leaves of this are fmooth and doubly 



s e Melonio 



been left out 



\"r*/' 



J.-- -i;. 



Winged, the fegments zte finely cut •, tne ttalks rile 



about a foot high, fuftaining one fmall yellow, or cop- 



' per-coloured flower, which is fucceeded by roundifli 



^"jJfickly heads, filled with fmall feeds. This flowers 



abour the fame time as the former fort. 

 'The fifth fort has a perennial foot*, it grows na- 

 turally in Wales, and alfo in fome of the northern 

 . counties in England. I found it growing plentifully 

 near Kirby-Lonfdale in Weftmoreland. Tournefort 

 alfo found this plant upotl the Pyrenean mountains. 

 . The leaves of this fort are winged ; the lobes are 

 deeply cut on their edges. ' The ftalks rife a Toot 

 high ; they are fmooth, and aregarniftied with afcw 



per part of the ftalk is naked, f 

 low flower. Thefe appear in /i 

 By oblong ftnooth Capfules^ fill 

 feeds. 



lower. The up- 



The ninth fort is the common whi^e Poppy; this is 

 Cultivated in gardens^ for tficliads,^which are ufed in 

 medicine. The ftalks of this are large, fmootK, and 

 rife to the height of five or fix fcet ; they branch but 

 into feveral fmaller, garniflicd withlarge grayifti leaves, 

 ■whofe bafe embraces the ftalks-, they are jagged ir- 

 regularly on their fides. The flowers terminate the 

 ftalks ; thefe, when inclofed in the empalement, nod 

 downward, but before the flowers open they are 

 ered:. The empalement of the flower is compofed 

 of two large oval leaves, of the fame grayifli colour 



; as the other; thefe feparate and foon drop off. The 



\ flower is compofed of four large, roundilh, white pe- 



;--talsi which are of ftiort duration, and are fucceeded 



, by large roundifli heads as big as Oranges, flatted at 



-both ends, having indented crowns, and are filled 



V %ith frnall white feeds. This flowers in June, and 



-'the feeds ripcinn Auguft. x^-' v ^ i 



There are feveral varieties of this fort, which differ 



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i^T 



Jnthe colour of their flowers and multiplicity of pe- 

 Thefixthfortgrowsnaturallyontheconfinesof Ruf- 1 -^talsi thofe 'with beautiful flowers "are preferved in 



"^ — ^ - . ^ * . ^ *— *. ., gUrddrisfdrorhaiSent, but that with the fingle flowers 



- only is cultivated for ufci - The feeds of this fort arc 



.' fia, near Tartary. ^ The leaves of this fort* arc fingle, 

 ' ' ahd finuated almoft to the midrib in forff of a wmged 

 leaf; they are rough and hairy. ^ ThcAalk rifes near 

 two feet high ; it is flender, naked, fuftaining one 

 flower at the top, which is compofed of foiiryoundifh 

 p^tafs of a pale yellow colour, Hth hk^ri^ a'dark 

 bottdfn '6r tait^ " The floWtt-s havie an agreeaWe fecnt, 

 but afe of ftiort duration. They come out in June, 

 and are fucceeded by long rough capfules, filled with 

 fmall feeds. " ^^ --^.v - ;- *-^-:^^n. 



' - 



^ cooling, ana good in fevers 

 and inflammatory diftempers, as alfo for the ftran- 

 gury and heat of tM urine/ Of the dry Jieads in- 

 fufed and boiled in water, is made the diacqdiiaio of 

 the ihops,- ' '- ., ' 



'^ 



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fuppofed, that from* the heads 



Armenia 



; The fevehth fort gfbws iiiXA 

 ^ whence Dr. Tournefort fent the feeds to the royal 

 "gardens at Paris, where they fucceedeJ,^ and were af- 

 terward communicateiTtO the CurioUSgafdeft^^ in Eng- 

 „ land and Holland. The r06t of this plant is com- 



of this fort of Poppy the opium is extracted ; but one 



^<bi the hekds which I have by mc, from which opium 



had been extrafted in Turkey, is of a different Ihape 



from tliofe of this fort. 



^^M ^ , rtv- 



;t.r "^^ "<v 



two 



,__..Q,., ,e afoot and a half long, of a 



dark brown on their outfide, and full of a nriiilky juice, 

 which is very bitter and acrid. The leaves arc 

 winged, and fawed on their edges ; they are a foot 



long, clofcly covered 

 ftalks rife two feet 



with 



and a half 



very rough and hairy, garniflicd 

 like thofe at bottom, but fmaller 



All the forts of Poppy are propagated by feeds, but 

 the fifth and fcvcnth forts, which have perennial roots, 

 may be alfo propagated by offsets. The beft time for 

 fowing the feeds is in September, when they will 

 more cert^nly grow than thofe which are fown in the 

 Ipririg ; and thofe forts which are annual will make 

 larger plants, and flower better than when they arc 

 fown in the fpring. The beft way is to fow the feeds 

 of the annual kinds in the places where they are to re- 

 high ; they arc j main,' and to thin the plants where they are too clofe; 



thofe of the large kinds fhould not be left nearer to 



the UDDcr part is ) each other than a foot and a half, and the fmaller 



^ .forts 



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