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they are obliged to lead them upright, which produces 

 the before-mentioned ill efFeft. 



There may be alfofome perlbns, who may think this 

 diftance too fmall for thefe trees, becaufe Plums, 

 Cherries, and mofl; other forts of fruit-trees require 

 much more room ; but when it Is confidered, that 

 ■peach and Neftarine-trees^ produce their fruit only 

 upon the former year's wood, and not upon fpurs, 

 as Cherries, Plums, and Pears do, fo that the ihoots 



^of thefe trees muft be annually iliortcned in every part 



of tliem to obtain bearing wood ; therefore the trees 



. 'may be kept in much lefs compafs than thofe of any 



other ' fort of fruit, and thereby every part of the 



■ wall may be conilantlyfupplied with bearing branches; 



' for when the trees are planted at a great diftance, the 

 branches are often extended to luch lengths as to leave 

 the middle of the trees naked, for there are never any 

 good Ihoots produced from the old branches of thefe 



trees. . - ^ ■ - 



And here I cannot help taking notice of another very 



great error in planting of wall-fruit, which is the 



placing ftandard or half ftandard trees between the 



others, to cover the upper part of the wall, and to 



produce fruit, until the trees underneath are grown 



up fufficient to furnifh the walls, when the ftandards 



- are to be taken away. This is done, without confi- 

 dering that the greater number of trees which are 



' planted in a fmall compafs, the lefs nourifhment they 

 can receive, and fo confequently muft be the weaker, 



* for the fame fpace of ground cannot nouriih twenty 

 trees equally as well as it could ten , fo that whatever 

 ftrength the ftandard-trecs may have, the dwarfs will 



~ be proportionably weaker ; arid it is a common obfer- | 



vation, that moft trees extend their roots as far under j 



round, as their^ branches fpread above ground -, fo I 



that there fhould always be the fame allowance given 



- to the wall-trees, if we would have them ftrong and 

 '- vigorous ; therefore the building very high walls for 



fruit, unlefs for Pears, is t6 Ao purpdTe, for a fen or 

 ^ twelve feet wall will be fufficient tor moft forts of 

 -^ fruit. I have fecn gardens planted with fruit-trees 



by perfons of great eftcem for their fkill in this art, 

 > where Pea^' and Nectarine-trees have been placed 

 ^i^againft walls 'expofed to the eaft and weft, but could 

 "t hever fee any'' of the fruit on thofe trees come to per- 



cender ftUcs 



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render the ground fo hard, as that il 

 of the roots cannot itrike into it, whereby Vhe tree 

 remains at a ftarid for fome time -, and if the earth 

 be not looieiied in time, it frequently dies; fo tim 

 whenever you obferve the earth of your borders to be 

 bound, either by great rains, or' from any other 

 caule, you fhould dig or fork it, to loofen it ao-ain 

 obferving always to do it in dry weather, if in wnt4 

 or fpring ; but in fummer it Ihould be done in a moiit 

 feafon. 



Although I have here given diredtiona for the 



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of trees from the nurfery, after the ufual method of 

 planting thefe trees, which is that of takincr fuch as 

 have made one year's Ihoot, yet I would prefer thofe 

 which were budded the preceding fummer, and have 

 made no fhoot ; for if the bud is found and plump 

 and the bark of the flock v/ell clofed where the bud is 

 inferted, there will be no danger of its growing; and 

 when the bud has made a fhoot the foUowino-'^fpring 

 the length of five or fix inches, if it is ftopped by 

 pinching off the top, it will put out lateral branches, 

 which may be trained to the wall, and this will prevent 

 any cutting off the head, as muft be done to thofe 

 trees v/hichhave had one year's growth in the nur- 

 fery ; for thefe trees do not care for thofe l;irge ampu- 

 tations, efpecially fome of the more tender forts ; fo 

 by this method of planting thefe trees in bud, no time 

 will be lofl, when it is confidered that the trees which 

 have {hot muft be cut down, and there is a hazard of 

 their fhooting again-, therefore I am convinced from 

 experience, that it is the befl method. 

 After you have thus planted your trees, which have 

 made their Ihoots in the nurfery, you fhould faftcn 

 their heads to the wall, to prevent their being fhakcn 

 by the wind, which would difturb their roots, and 

 break off the tender fibres foon after they vverc' pro- 

 duced, to the no fmall prejudice of the trees.; you 

 fhould alfo lay fome mulch upon the furface of t)ic 

 ground about their roots, before the frofl fets in, to 

 prevent it from penetrating the ground, which would 

 injure, if not detlroy, the fmall fibres ^ butthismulch 

 ihould not be laid upon the ground too early, left 

 it prevent the autumnal rains from penetrating to die 

 roots: - -, \ -: ^ / ^ ^ 





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Thefe things being duly obferved, they will require 

 "feftion; for which' reafoti I would caution every per- F no farther care till the beginning or middle of March, 

 * Ton never to follow fuch examples, becaufe it is well (I according as the feafon is earlier or later; when you 

 •known, that the beft afpefted walls do barely ripen |; mufl cut off the heads of the new planted trees, leav- 



many of the latter Peaches fome years ; therefore the r ing only four or five eyes above the bud ; in doi 

 '•only afpe£tto which thefe trees fhould be expofed, is I which, you mufl be very careful not to difturb their 

 -•fouth, or with a point or two to the eaft, and fome | roots •, to prevent which, you fliould place your foot 

 • 'fbits -may do well if they are a point or two to the | down clofe to the ftem of the tree, and take faft hold 



of that part of the ftock below the bud widi one 

 *Jn the difpofition of the trees, it v/ill not be amifs |: hand, to hold it fteady, while with the othqr hapd 



tp plant thofe forts of Peaches near each other, which 1; , you gently flope off the head of the tree withjifharp 



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- ripen about the fame time ; for by fo doing, the frpit 

 ^^ may be the better guarded from men and infetfts, and 

 ^ this will fave a great deal of trouble in gathering of -: .-. 

 * the fruit ; for if a perfori i§ obliged to go frotti one * 

 ' part of the gatdten to the 6ther, or perhaps to look 

 '- over all the walls of the garden every time the fruit 

 '\ is gathered, it is a great lofs of time, which may be 

 'avoided by this firft e^e in planting the trees. >^itr; - 

 . But to return to plantir>g; after you' have marked 

 ^p. cut the placed wliere eSch tree \§ io ftand, ydu muft 

 ' -^'ivith yovft- fpiadc naake S hole wide enough to receive 

 '^the roots of the tree rthen you fhould place it down, 



to turn the bud outwards, that the wounded 



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*; jpart df'tbc ftock may be hid from fight ; and let the 



- 'fteSi <^ the trdfj'^bc placed abotut four or five inches 

 *; from the Wall, wkh its head inclining thereto; then 

 -fill in the eafth with your harids, obferving to break 

 tfiefctods, that the ekrth itiayfall in betwec'n the 

 roots, fo as no void fpaces may be left about them. 

 You fhbuld alfo gently fhake the tree with your hands, 

 to fettle the earth down the better between the roots ; 

 theri with ybur foot gently prefs down the earth about 

 the ftem, bat do rtot tread it down too hard, which is 

 many times a very great fault ; for when the gfouixl 

 > is inclinable to bind, the treading it clofe doth often 



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knife at the intended place, which Aioul^ always be 

 juft above a bud ; this fhould always be done in dry 

 weather, for if there fhould be much rain iboii'after 

 it is done, there will be fome danger that the wf t will 

 enter the wounded part, and damage the tree ; nor 

 fhould it be'done in frofty weather for.tiie jame rea- 

 fon, for that would enter the wounded part and pre- 

 vent its healing over. Afteryou have headed the trees, 

 ydu" fhould gently loofen the earth of the borders, to 

 ^ admit the fibres of the roots'; but ydu muft be very 

 ■ careful in doing of this, not to cut or bruife theirnew 

 roots, which would alfo damage them; and if die 

 mulch which was laid about their r^ots in autumn he 

 rotten, you may dig it into the border at fome dif- 

 tance from the roots of the trees ; and when the dry 

 weather comes on, you fhould pare off fome turf from 

 a pafturc ground, which fhould be laid upon the fur- 

 face of the border about the roots of the trees^ turn- 

 ing the^rafs downward, which will prefervc a gende 

 moifturc in the earth, better than any other fort ot 

 mulch; and this will not harbour infefts, as moft 

 forts of dung and litter do, to the no fmall detriment 

 -of the trees. ? _. ..- . * -^^ A*: .:- ' 



Thbfe trees which afe planted in bud, and nave not 

 niadc any (boots, fliould have their ftock.s cut down 



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