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a near refemblance to each other, fo far as I have ob 

 ferved m the ipecimens ; but the plants which liavc 

 been railed trom the Switzerland feeds, have made 

 much greater progrefs than thofe from the Siberian 

 feeds, which can fcarce be kctpt alive in England. The 

 leaves are long and narrow, fmopch to the touch of'^ 

 light green, and five of them coinc out from ^hj fame 

 Iheath ; the branches are cloiely garnilhed with them • 

 the cones are about three inches long, and the fca'l " 

 are pretty clofe ; the feed^ are pretty large, and their 

 Ihells are eaiily broken. . 



The feveath fort grows in the maritime parts of Italy 

 and the fouth of France ; tliiy hath long fmooii 

 leaves, growing by pairs in each flicath i the cones 

 are very long and fiender ^ the feeds are about the 

 fize of thofe of the Pjneafter. 



The eighth fort grows naturally near Aleppo, and ia 

 feveral other parts of Syria. This is a tree cf mid- 

 dling growth in its native foil, and in EnMand tjiere 



Ci 



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years old ; but when they are out of the cones, they 

 fcldom grow well after two years, and fome forts do 

 not grow after one year. The leaves of this are not 

 quite folong as thofe of the former fort, and are of a 

 grayilli or iea-green colour; the cones are not more 

 than five inches long, but are very thick, roundifh, and 

 end in an obtufe point ; the fcales of the cones are flat, 

 and the feeds are more than twice the fize of thofe of 

 the former. The kernels of thefe are frequently ferved 

 up in deferts to the table during the winter feafon in 

 Italy, and formerly they were ufed in medicine here, 

 but of late years the Piftachia nuts have been gene- 

 rally fubftituted in lieu of them. ^ The wood of this 

 tree is white, not fo full of refin as many of the other 

 forts, fo is never cultivated for its wood, but chiefly 

 for the beauty of its leaves and for the nuts, which 

 are much efteemed in the fouth of France and in Italy. 

 The third fort is generally known here by the title of 

 Scotch Pine, from its growing naturally in the moun- 

 tains of Scotland, but it is common in moft parts of 

 Europe ; and Monf du Hame] of the Royal Academy 

 of Sciences, at Pari% mentions his having received 

 cones of this tree from St. Domingo in the Wefl:-In- 

 die?, fo concludes that it grows indifferently in torrid, 

 frozen, and ternperate zones. It is by John Bauhin 

 titled, Pinus fylveftris Genevenfis vulgaris j fo that it 

 grows commonly in the mountains near that city, and 

 all through Denrriark, Norway, and Sweden. The 

 wood of this tree is the red or yellow deal, which is 

 ;the moft durable of any of the kinds yet known -, the 

 leaves of this tree are much fhorter than thofe of the 

 fornier forts, and are broader, of a grayifli colour, 

 and twifted, growing two out of each (heath ; the 

 cones are fmall, pyramidal, and end in narrow points ; 

 they are of a light colour, and the feeds are fmall/; ^ 

 This fort grows well upon almoft every foil ; \ have 

 planted numbers of the trees upon Peat-pits, where 

 they have made great progrefs. :i:I have alfo planted 

 them in clay, where they have fucceeded far beyond 



cxpeAatlori ; and upon fand, gravel, arid chalk, they^j -ittUch lefs than thofe of the Pineafter, but of the fanic 

 likewife thrive as well; but as they do not grow near V.Jhapef V 



are none of any large fize, for mofl: of the plants 

 which were growing here before the year 1740, were 

 killed by the froft that fevere v/inter ; tlie two largefi: 

 which I have feen are growing at Goodwood in Suf- 

 fex, the feat of his Grace the Duke of Richir^ad ; 

 thefe had been tranfplanted thither the year before, lo 

 had fcarce recovered their removal, and had niade'r.o 

 Ihoots that fumm.er, therefore efcaped much better 

 than thof^ pi^nt? whi.ch were in great vigour, moft of 

 which were deftroyed. This tree branches out on 

 every fide near the root ; the branches at firli grow ho- 

 rizontally, but turn their ends upward ; their bai^ is 

 frnooth, and of a dark gray colour. . The leaveg arc 

 long and very narrow, of a dark green, and growl)/ 

 pm^ in escb iheath ; if they arc bruifcd, they emit 



.^ ftrQng rciinpyg QdQUr. The cones come out from 

 the fide of the* branches ; they are npt much more 

 than half th^ length of thofe of the Pineafter, but arc 

 full as large at their bafe; the fcales are flatted, and 

 ancTthe point of the coiie obtufe. The feeds ar 





4. fo faft upon gravel and fand as upon rnoift ground, fo ' The pbtKiprt grQyv§_ naturally in moft parts of North 



the wood is much preferable-, for thofe trees which 



\ ' have been cut down upon rnoift foils; where they hav,e 



x-made the greateft progrefs, when they have been lawn 



out*into boards, have not been valuable, thtf'wood' 



--has been* white and of a loofe texture fwRereas thofe 



which have grown upon dry gravelly ground, have 



pjroved nearly equal to the beft foreign deals; and I 



doubt not but thofe plantations which of late years 



,,-, have been made of thefe trees, will, in the next age, 



. ; not only turn greatly to the advantage of their poffef- 



fors, but alfo become a national benefit; therefore 



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V 'this is the fort which I would recommend to be culti- 

 ::Yated on barren lands. ;; v 



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4^merica ; this never rjfes to any great height, and is 

 the leaft efteemed in the country of all the forts. While* 

 the plants are yount, they make a pretty good ap- 

 pearance i but when they get to the height of fc- 

 yen or eight feet, they become ragged and unfigUly, 



>. ^- *; J> 



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V 



The fpurth fort gfpws naturally in Tartary, from 

 whence I received the i^^ds. This hath a great re- 

 semblance to 'the Scotch Pine, but the leaves are 

 broa^i^r, fhorter, and their points are more obtufe ; 

 ^-T-they emit a ftrong balfamic odour when bruifed; the 

 -^ cones of this are very fmall, as are alfo the feeds, fome 

 • -.;r of which were black, and others, whjte; but whether 

 V they are froni different trees or the fame, I could not 

 Vn -learn ; for the feeds were taken put of thecoaes* but 





fo are not worth cultivatinp;. 



, The tenth fort grows naturally in Virginia, and other 



parts of North America^ where it riies to a great- \ 

 .height ; and fo far as we can judge by the grovnh of 

 . thofe trees which are nowhere, it feems likely to bc- 

 - com.e a large tree in England.*'. There are many of 

 them nov/ growing in the noble plantation of ever- 

 green trees in his Grace the Duke of Bedford's park 

 atWopburn, which are twenty feet high, though not 

 .^V;Of many years ftanding, and keep pace with the oiner 

 .^^kinds of Pines and Firs in the fame plantation.^ The . 

 ..leaves of this are long,^ three generally ftanding Jn^ 

 Keach fi^cath ; "the cones of this fort come cut in cluN 

 ters rountt the branches'; "they are as long as the cones 



^^ 



of the Pineafter, 





the feeds 



-* ;' * 



1% in the parcel there was not one entire cone.^ 



^^;The fifth fort grows naturally upon the mountains in 



. ^Switzerland ; this hath very narrow green leaves, 



.^- which grow fbm'etimes by pairs," and at others there 



■;,:are three coming out of each ftieath ; thefe generally 



V Jftand ere(9; ; th^ cones are of a middle fize and pyra- 



, mi4al; the fc ales are flat, having each a fmall obtufe 



-'nfing, but are very compact, till they are opened by 



■ .the warmth of the fun the fccond fpring. ' The feeds 



of this are much lefs than thofe of the Pineafter, but 



larger than thofe of the Scotch Pine. v • -, 



. ' The fixth fort grows naturally in Switzerland, and is 



(uppofe4^P-b5 the fame as the Siberian, which I 



greatly doubt; for the Cones of this are fliort and 



, roundifh, and the^fcales ^TQ clpfe, whereas thofe of 



the Siberian Pine arclpng and Ipofer ; the k:jves have * 



nd have rigid fcales , 



..;Winged,^'and nearly as large as thofe of the Pineafter. 



;;The eleventh fort grows natui'ally m North AtneVi^ai 



:thi§ hath very long narrow leaves, growing by threes 



= out of each ftieath ; the "cones are as larpe as rhoft f>t 



r ■ 



.the Stone Pine, biit the fcales are looier, and rfie cones 

 •■ ' The fcales of this'cpen horizon wlif, • 



■rnQTit pointed. 



This' foi^^.was fent x)vcr 



frbrn- America to Mr. Ball of E:<eter/ and^alfo w Df, 

 - Compton Bifhop of I^or.dQn, by the title of FrSi-i-'n- 



..arid difchar'ge the feeds. 



-^»^ 



- V - 





cenfe Pine. - :. .■■•.^•■•~' 

 Xhe twelfth fort grpws naturally in Virginia; the con^ 

 of thistiave been brought to England of lafe ye*«, 

 by the title of Baftard three-leaved Pine; Jhe leave* 

 of this fort are long and narrow ;' fometimes there a.c 



J' 



thiree growing in eachfheath, and at others but, two j 

 the cones are long, flender, ;^nd tfcelr fcales termmaie 

 in fharp points j^they are rather Ign^er than ^diQte <^^ 

 the Pineafter, and not fo thick. ^1^^:. .;; "^t^^ 



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