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Xhc thirteenth fort grows naturally In moft parts of 

 Nor;h America, where it is called the white Pine.* It 

 is one of the tallefl: trees of all the fpecies, often 

 growing a hundred feet high in thofe countries, as I 

 have been credibly informed ; the bark of this tree is 

 very fmooth and delicate, cfpecially when young; 

 the leaves arc long and flender, five growing out of 

 fach Iheath ; the brandies are pretty clofely garnifhed 

 with them, fo make a Hne appearance j the cones are 

 long, flender, and very loofe, opening with the firft 

 warmth of the fpring, fo that if they are not gathered 

 in winter, the fcales open and let out the feeds. The 

 wood of this fort is efteemed for making mads for 

 Ibips ; it is in England titled Lord Weymouth's, or 

 New England Pine. As the wood of this tree was ge- 

 nerally thought of great fervice to the navy, there was 

 a law made in the ninth year of Queen Anne for the 

 prefervation of the trees, and to encourage their growth 

 in America^ and it is v/ithin forty years paft thefe 

 : trees began to be propagated in England in any 

 plenty, though there v/ere fome large trees of this 

 fort "growing in two or three places long "before^ par- 

 cicularly at Lord Weymouth's, arid Sir Wyndham 

 KnatchbuU's in Kent ; and it has been chiefly from the 

 feeds of the latter, that the much greater number of 

 thefe trees now in England have been raifed ; for al- 

 though there has annually been fome of the feeds 

 brought from America, yet thefe have been few in 

 comparifon to the produce of the trees in Kent •,' and 

 many of the trees which have*beeff raifed from the Tt 

 feeds of thofe trees, now produce plenty of good feeds, 

 particularly thofe in the gardens of his late Grace the 

 Duke of Argyle at Wbitton, which annually pro- 

 duce large quantities of cones, which his Grace did 

 moft eenerouflv diftribute to all the curious. . ....-j. 



This fort and the Scotch Pine, are the beft worth cul- 

 tivating of all the kinds for the fake 6f their wood ; 

 the others may be' planted for variety in parks, &c. 

 where they make a good appearance in winters when 

 other trees aredeftitute of leaves. " ■'' - ^' '- •' •/" 

 All the forts of Pines are propagated by feeds, which 

 are produced in hard woody cones ; the way to get 

 out their feeds is to lay the cones before a gentle fire, 

 which will caufe the cells to open, and then the feeds 

 may be eafily taken out. If the cones are kept entire, 

 the feeds. will remain good for fome years -y fo that the 

 fureft way to preferve them, is to let them remain in 

 the cones until the time for fowirig the feeds ; if the 

 cones are kept in a warm place in fummer, they will 

 open, and emit the feeds ; but if they are not expofed 

 to much heat, they" will remain 'entire fome years, 

 efpecially thofe which are clofe and compact ; and the 

 feeds which havb been taken out of Cones of feven 

 years old, have grown very well, fo that thefe may be 

 .tranfported to any diftance, provided the cones arc 

 well ripened and properly put up. , ^ > 



The beft time forfowing the feeds of Pines is about 

 the end of March, and when the feeds are fown, tlie 

 place fliould be covered with nets to keep off birds, 

 otherwifc, when the plants begin to appear with the 

 hufk of the feed on their tops, the birds will pick off 

 the heads of the plants and dcftroy them". -. 1 /C-T*^' 

 Where the quantity of feeds to belbwn is not great, 

 it will be a good way to fow them either in ^boxes or 

 pots, filled with light loamy earthy which may be re- 

 moved from one fituation to another, according to the 

 feafon of the year ; but if there is a large quantity of 

 *^ the feeds, fo as to require a good fpace to receive 



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whofe (hdls are very hard, frequently lie in the ground 

 a whole year j fo that when the plants do not come up 

 the firft year, the ground fnould not b:: difturbcd, but 

 kept clean from v/ccds, and the foUowin 



plants will rife. 

 Ions, and wh 



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-»iii r.v^w;>, ai:u UIC iUUOWing Ipting thc 



b. This frequently happens in dry fea- 

 ^ en they are fown in places"' a little'tco 

 much expokd to tlie fun. Therefore the fureft Me- 

 thod is, to foak the feeds in v/ater twenty-four hours 

 before they are fown. ^ - -, ' ' \ ".'. ,• ' 

 When the plants appear, they muft be conftantly kept 

 cleaa from weeds ; and in very dry fcafons, if they 

 are now and then genrly rcfrc(hed with water, it will 

 forward their growth; but this^niuft be done with 

 great care and caution, for it they are haftily watered, 

 it will walh the tender' plants oiit of the ground,' or 

 lay them down flat, which often rots their (hanks ; Jnd 

 when this is too often repeated, it will have the fame 

 effe£b ; fo that unlefs it is judicioufly performed, n. will 

 be the beft way to give therri none, but only fcreen 

 them from the fun. - •" ■ •■ - -■'/ \'V'^'*^' ''■''^_':*. ' 

 If the plants come^ up too clofe, it will Be a goocJ me- 

 thod to thin them gently about the beginning of July. 

 The plants which are drawn up may then be planted 

 on other beds which ft^ould be prepared ready to re- 

 ceive them, for they ftiould be immediately planted 

 as they are draw'n up, 'bccaufe their tender root's are 

 foon dried and fpoileclat this feafon of the year. This 

 work fhould be done (if pofTible) in cloudy or rainy 

 weather, and then the planes will draw "out with bet- 



' tci* roots, and will fobn put oiifnew fibres again ; but 

 if the weather fiiould prove clear and dry, the plants 

 ftiould be fhaded every day from tlie fun with mats, 



'and now 'and then gently refrefhed with water! ^ In 

 drawing up the plants, there fliould be great care taken 

 not to difturb the roots of the plants left remaining ia 

 the feed-beds, &c. fo that if the ground be hard, the 



■ beds ftiould be well watered fome time before the 

 plants are thinned, to fofteri'and looferv the earth; 

 and if after the plants are drawn out, the beds are 

 agaiii gently watered to fettle the earth to the fools of 

 the remaining plants, it will be of grbat fervice' to 

 them, but it muft be done with great care, fo as not 

 to wafla out their roots, or lay down the plants.. The 

 diftance which ftiould be allowed thefe plants in the 



,new beds, is four or five inches row from row, and 

 three inches in the rows, ' V — • 



In thefe beds the plants may remain till the fpnng 

 twelve months after/ by which time they" will be fit 



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to tranfplant where they are to remain for good, for 

 the younger the plants are when planted out, the bet- 

 ter" they will fucceed; for 'although fome forts will 

 bear tranfplanting at a much greater age, yet young 

 plants planted at the fame^time will in a few years ', 

 overtake the large ones, an3 foon outftrip them in'. 

 their growth ; and there is an advantage in planting 

 young, by faving the expence oi ftaking, and' much 

 watering, which large plants require 

 ''times feen plantations of feveral forts of Pines, which ' 

 *'- were made of plants fix or feven feet high, and at the 

 f fame time others of one foot high planted between" - 

 Vthem, which in ten years were better trees than the"- 

 v^old ones,"" and much"rnor'e'vIgb'rbus iti "tKeir^growth ; . 

 *,'But if the ground where'they are defigned to remain 

 cannot be prepared by the time before- mentioned, the 

 plants ftiould be planted out of the beds into a nurfery,' ' 

 where they may remain two years, but not longer ; for,,, 

 it will be very hazardous removing thefe trees at a 



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them, they, fhould be fowri on an Eaft orNorth-eaft 

 "- border, wnere tliey mayl^e fcreened^^f^ the fun, 

 '■'"whofe heat is very injurious to thefe plants at their 

 firft appeararife abov,c ground." Thofe feeds which 

 are fown in pots or boxes, ftiould alfo be placed in a 

 fiiady fituation, .but not under trees ; and if they are 

 icreened from the fun with mats at the time when 

 the plants firft come up, it will be a good method to 



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preferve them, 

 Moft of the forts will come up in about fix or feven 

 weeks after they are fown, but the feeds of the Storie" 

 or. cultivated Pine, and two or th*ree' of the others, 



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greater age. ■ ' • . 



J The beft feafon to tranfplant all the forts of Pines 



, is about tlie latter end of March or 'the beginning of 



^TApril, juft before they begin to ftioot; fpj- although the 



Scotch Pine^ and fome of the moft hardy fortsi may 



-V be tranfplanted in winter, efpecially when they are 



"'rgrowingih ftrong land, where they may be taken 



^i with balls "of earth to their roots"; yu this is what I 



"'"would not advife for common praftice, having fre- 



quently feen it attended with bad conlequences, but 



' - tnofe which are removed in the fpring rarely fail. ." ^ 



' WhereytheTe trees are planted in expofed fituations, 



• they Ihould be put pretty clofe togeiher, that they may 



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