

' ■ 



I, - 



N 



falc of thcfe, as will defray th^ Vhole expence of the 



planting, and probably interefl for the money into 



the bargain. ' , . . . 



..As the upright growtli of thefe trees renders their 



wood the more yaluable, they (hould be left pretty 



clofe together, whereby they will draw each other up, 



and grow very tall. I have feen fome of thefe trees 



growing, whofe naked ftems have been more than fe- 



-venty feet high, and as ftrait as a walking-cane, and 



'- from one of thefe trees there were as many boards 



fawed, as laid the floor of a room near twenty feet 



. . fquare. If thefe trees are left eight feet afunder each 



. way, it will be fufficient room for their growth; 



therefore if at the firfl: thinning a fourth part of the 



trees are taken away, the other may ftand twelve or 



fourteen years longer, by which time they will be of a 



- fize for making ladders and ftandards forfcaffolding, 

 '.. and many other purpofcs ; fo that from this fale as 

 ' iftuch may be made, as not only to pay the remaining 



, i part of the expence of planting, if any fhould be 



- wanting in the firft, but rent for the land with in- 

 ,- tcreft,and the (landing trees for the fortunes of younger 



children. This may be demonftrated by figures, and 

 . there has been feveral examples of late years, where 

 the profits have greatly exceeded what is here men- 

 tioned. • ' . * .;V . ......;. . 



.The fifth fort is called in Switzerland Torch Pine ; 

 V the peafants there make ufe of the wood of this tree 

 ' ^ inftead of torches for burning. This tree grows to a 

 great height in its native foil, and is well furnilhed 

 ■with branches. The wood is pretty full of refin, and 



-^_ ' 



when firft cut is of a reddilh colour ^ this is ufed by 

 the inhabitants in tneir buildings. 



--. r* * -^ 



P 



garniftied with leaves, which are long, and of an 

 agreeable green, fo that in funimer they have a beauty, 

 and in winter they make a better appearance than aiiy 

 of the forts. The wood of this tree is very uleful^ 

 efpecially for nufts of flilps, as the trees grow very 

 tall and ftrait, and are pliable, fo do not break witli 

 the wind, therefore the legiflature thought proper to 

 pafs a law for the prefervation and increafe of thefe 

 trees in America i but as thefe trees will thrive in 

 England, they may be propagated in many places 

 where the foil is proper for them. . This fort grows 

 beft upon a moift light foil, but it fliould not be too 

 wet J it will alfo thrive on a loamy foil, if it is not too 

 much approaching to clay. The feeds of this fort 

 fhould be fown with a little more care than thofe of 

 the Scotch Pine, becaufe their ftems are not fo llrong, 

 therefore are niore apt to go oft while young; fo if 

 thefe are fown in the full ground, the bed fhould be 

 fcreehed with rnats from the fun every day, but ex- 

 pofed to the dews every night. ' When the plants 



. come up, they ftould be treated in the fame way as 

 is before direfted for the Scotch Pine ; and if all the 

 plantsof this kind are tranfplanted into beds in July, 

 it will be a fecure way to preferve them ; but as thefe 



y. plants will grow fafter than thofe of the Scotch Pine, 



. they fhould be planted farther afunder ; their rows 



, fhould be fix inches diftant, and in the rows they 



fhould be four inches apart. This will allow them 



room to grow till the fpring twelvemonth following, 



■■t,.^heh they may be either tranfplanted where they are 



.to remain, or into a liurfery, where they may ftand 



two years to get ftrength ; but the fooner they are 



-y. planted wlTere they are to ftand, the lefs danger there 

 will be of their fucceedihg,' and the larger they 



A, 



T.- 



J . 





The fixth fort of Pine makes but flow progrefs in 



England, unlefs upon the fummits of the northern j r, -will grow ; for although they wjll bear trapfplapting 



■niountains, where upon the peaty moors, this ahd the I at a greater age, yet when they are planted young. 



Siberian Pine arc likely to fucceed ixiuch better than 



in any other part of Britain, for they naturally grow 



• annongfnow. ^ ^i ^.z. 



■ The eighth fort is never a large tree: in its native 



. :. tduntry, and in England it grows more like a fhrub 



. ■': than a tree, and is often greatly injured by cold in 



.-: winter, and by fevere frofts fometimes killed, fo that 



- this is only kept for the fake of variety in the Englifh 



'. gardens. ^ - -- - .. . ^ . 



>r The ninth and tenth forts are ufed indifferently by the 

 ^-^ inhabitants of North America for their buildings, and 



* , * 



they will make much greater progrefs, and grow to a 

 greater fize. .■ -..r cv 









J - 



* »-, 



\. :f* 



tl^c famepufpofes as the othdr forts of Pine. ;;;^ 



•A I 



There are fome varieties of thefe,.y:i America, if they 



' ^;' are not diftin6t fpecies. rSome of theni ripen their 



: .Y;Vcones the firfl year, but others are two year's, and 



. ' V Ibme thWe before they aire ripe i' but is thefe Fave not' 



been well diftinguifhcd..by thofe who refidc in that 



:.: -'^country, and there are few of the forts fo large in 



. i. England as to produce cones, fo their differences can 



V i^ Ti6\ as yet be afcertained^ ^ .v: .. -. 



. r: H' The eleventh and twelfth forts I believe are IndifFe- 





rently called red Pine in North Ameri'cai^ 'where their 

 ■ :/"X wood IS greatly cfteemed j the French at 'Canada 

 ^ havfe bu^t .^ /jxty-gun Ibip jjntirely of this .wood, 



' I have had had a little of 



% jC* -a 



the Saint Laurent. 



the Scotch Pine, but had 



$ 





■**. 



this wood from America^ which was very liRe that of 



more rcfifi.' It may 



not be amifs to make trial of fome of thefe forts in 



plantations, to fee which of them may deferve tq^be 



propagated ; for in fome places where they are* groW- 



^ 'mgthey thrivd f ery ^ell, but thefe trill not fucceed 



* e*-' * 



; -t J- fo well on dry land as on moift^ ^ , , 



. .*^:'The thirteenth fort is called the white Pine in moft' 



.^k:-*5. -» 



|>arits of North America ; of this I believe there are 

 -'-'t^d variietie^, if ftot' diftinft fpecies jbtfif' as they 

 >*'»3- have not been, well examined by perfons of Ikijj, Ve 

 "•^r cannot take upon us to determine this, for Monfieur^ 

 i ^\ Gaultier*s deftnption of one Ipecies is very'difFerent* 

 ,.from that ^bf the Weymouth Pine, and yet he has 

 applied the title of \yhit^ Pine to both. -:. 



The foil in which this fort of tree thrives beft is a fofc 



-. - ^ - ' 



hazel loam, not too wet, in which I have frequently 

 rheafured fhoots of one year, which were two feet 

 and a half long, and have for fome years continued 

 growing fo much : they fhould have a fheltered fitu- 

 atioh, for I have obferved where the trees have been 

 much expofed to the South-weft winds, they have not 

 made near fo great a progrefs as thofe which grew in 

 ihelter ; and where there have been plantations of thefe 

 trees,*^ thofe on the outfide have "not kept pace with 

 the middle, nor have their leaves retained theif ver- 

 dure Ibwell. -^ ' ' -'-''.. j.: 



' ■ - 



The fourteenth fort grows naturally on fwamps in 



many parts of North America, where I haveheen in- 



. formed they grow to the height of twenty-five or thirty 



feet. Their leaves are a foot or more in length, grow- 



■ irigTn tufts at the end of the branches, fo have a fin- 



S- gular appearance, but I have not heard thej^ood 



';^was of any ufe but for fuel ; and there are few places 



-■here where tfiefe' plants do well, for in very fevere 



TAirbfts their leading fKbots are often killed, and in 



dry ground they will not thrive ; fo that unlefs the 



1 1 



* ■- 



.-,' ■ -* _' 



From the wild" Pine of Pineafter is procured t*^e com- 

 mon turpentine, which js chiefly ufed by the farriers, 

 and from it is diftilled the oil of turpentine. The 

 finer and more valuable part, which comes firft, is 

 called the fpirit, what is left at the bottom of the 

 ftill is the common refin. • . ,r r 



The kernels of the nuts of the manured or Stone 



*-i -- .-•^■^-^^ 



Pine are of a balfamic nourifhing nature, good for 

 confumptions, coughs,' and hoarfehefs, reftofative, 



^^:•ivt^^^^">^>: 



4. — -, * J- -^ 



f k- 



-^^■iThis fort defcrves to be propagated for its beauty, 

 /''which is fuperior to all the forts of Pines yet known 

 ^Iri England, ^x The baric of the young trees and the 

 ' branches are perfedly fmooth j the branches ate well 



atid of fervice after long illrjds; r- :<^ 

 PIPER. Lin. Gen. Plant. 42. Saururus. Plum. Nov. 



Gen. 51. tab. 12. Pepper, or Lizard s-taih'-ta . . 

 ' ^t'Thc Characters are. 



,;- ' m^l^ • -M i— '■ 



» ' , 4 ■ .^ 



^ *-;<* 



1. 



u^beflGwers are^llojely faftened to a Jingle ftalk^^ and 



^ \^tf^^;i^ compleat ft)eatb\ thefe have no petals nor Jiaminay 



hut have two fummits oppojiie to the root of the germeny 



\ .which' are Toundifh \ they have a large oval germen\ but 



. MO ft^ky crowned by aprigkly triple ftigmi^\' fbe gmnen 



'-' ^^terward 



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vVh'-' 



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if. 





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.• ■ * . 



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