t 





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' I 



P L A 



root out the noxious plants ; but the trees have been* 

 left to ftruggle with thefe bad neighbours, who have 

 had long pofTefTion of the ground, and have efta- 

 blifhcd themfelves lb ftrongly as not to be eafiiy over- 

 come i therefore, what can be expcftcd from fuch 

 plantations ? This is to be underllood of deciduous 

 trees, for the Pines and Firs, if once v/ell rooted in 

 the o-round, will foon get the better of the plants and 

 deftroy them. ^ . 



There are fome other perfons who begin better than 

 the former, and who will be at the expcnce of pre- 

 paringthe ground and of Planting their trees, but 

 afterward take very little care of them -, fo that it is 

 common to fee them overgrown with weeds in a year 

 after they are planted, whereby the trees receive fo 

 much injury as to retard their giowth, and many 



* times, if the trees are young, they are totally deftroyed. 

 Therefore I would advife every perfon who propoles 



. tv plant, to prepare the ground well before-hand, by 

 t^nching or deep ploughing it, and clearing it from 

 the roots of all bad weeds ; for by fo doing, there 

 will be a foundation laid for the future " fuccefs of 

 the plantation. Alfo I advife no perfon to undertake 

 more of this work than he can afterward keep clean, 

 for all plantations of deciduous trees will require this 

 care, or atleafl: for feven years after they are made, if 

 they hope to fee the trees thrive well. Therefore all 



. fmall plantations fhould have the ground annually dug 

 between the trees -, and as to thofe wliich are large, it 

 Ihould be ploughed between them. This will encou- 

 rage the roots of the trees to extend themfelves, 



. whereby they will find a much greater Ihare of nou- 



rilhment, and by loofening the ground, the m.oifture 



and air will more eafily penetrate to the roots, to the 



, no fmall advantage of the trees. But befides this ope- 



; ration, it will be abfolutely neceffary to hoe the ground 



^; three or four times in fummer, either by hand or the 



■-:: hoe -plough. This I dm aware will be objefted to by 



'finany, on account of the cxpence -, but if the firlt 

 -hoeing is performed early in the fpring, before the 



; " wqeds have gotten ftrength, a great quantity of ground 

 may be gone over in a fhort time -, and if the feafon is 

 dry when it is performed, the weeds will prefently die 



, . after they are cut ; and if this is repeated before the 



weeds come up again to any fize, it will be found the 



■ cheapeft and very beft hufoandry •, for if the weeds are 



;fufFere_d to grow till they are large, it will be a much 



' greater expence to root them out, and make the ground 



clean ; befides, the weeds will rob the trees' of great 



■part of their nouriihment. I have fometimes been told, 



' .That it is neceffary to let the weeds grow among trees 

 in fummer, in order to ihade their roots> and keep the 

 ground moift, but this has come from perfons of na 

 Ikill i but as "others may liave^eeri deceived by fuch 

 advice, I imaginejt may not.be improper jo give fome 

 '^anfwer to tlus^^' And here' I mutl obferve, Thatif 



1 



■ weeds are permitted to grow, they will draw away all 



■ moifture frQm the roots of the trees for .their own 

 /■ nourifhment, fo that the trees will be thereby deprived 

 ."of the kindly dews and the gentle fliowers of rain, 



which are of great fervice to young plantations ; and 

 thefe will be entirely drawn away by the weeds, which 

 . ; will prevent their penetrating the ground, fo that it 

 is only the great rains which can defcend to the roots 

 of the trees. And whoever has the leaft doubt of this 



T 



: ^ matter, if they" will but try the experiment, by l;eep- 

 ing one part of the plantation clean, and fuffer the 

 weeds to grow on another, they v/ill foon be con- 

 vinced of the truth by the growth of the trees. And 

 though this cleaning is attended with an expence, yet 



■ the iuccefs will overpay this, befide the additional 



fileafure of feeing the ground always clean. - . . . 

 n the difpofition of trees in parks, and of fhrubs and 

 trees in gardens, there are very few of" thofe who call 

 themfelves defigners, who have had much regard to 

 this particular j for in moft of the modern planta- 

 tions, it is not uncommon to fee an Oak, an Elm, 

 or fome other large-growing tree planted where a 

 Rofe-bufh, a Honeyluckle, or Sweet-briar, might 

 with more, propriety occupy the fpace : fo that in a 



g the winter in his ftove* 



this 



P L A 



few years, if tliefe large trees are left growirt^, thr 

 whole plantation muft irake a dilagreeable appear- 

 ance ; but having already mentioned thefe thingi; 

 under the article of GARrt-Ns, I Ihall not enlarge 

 farther on them here.: 



PLANTING REVERSE: Dr.AgricoIatells us. 

 That he has made fcveral experiments on thebranches 

 of foreign trees, as well Orange as Laurel, which he 

 performed after the manner following-, he firil ftrip- 

 ped the branches of all the leaves ; then he bent and 

 tied them, drelTed them with his noble mummy, and 

 planted them the reverfe way, fo that nothing was to 

 be feen of all the branches but the great ends, and 

 kept them durin^ 



He adds. That thofe who have a mind to raife trees 

 way, which he calls monftrous fruit-trees, may 

 raife Apples, Pears, Cherries, Apricots, Peaches, 

 Mulberries, Walnut-trees, &c. alfo Rofe-trees, Goofe- 

 berry. buflies, &c. which he dire<5l to do fomething 

 more at laree, as follov/s : 



Take thofe branches that are furnifhed with long fide 

 fhoots or twigs, and bend the fide twigs in the joints 

 toward the great branches, and tie them too-ether with 

 bafs or packthread ^ then drefs them with mummy, ei- 

 ther with a brufh only near the ligature, and here and 

 there on the joints, or dip them entirely into it ; then 

 having made a deep hole in the ground fet the 

 branches the reverfe way, fo that nothing but the long 

 end of the branch appears above ground, the reft 

 being covered with good, fat, and well broken earth. 

 This being done, the little branches will take root in 

 the joints every v/here \ then the buds will begin to 

 fiioot, fo that you may fee fifty orfixty more branches 

 fpring up, making an agreeable as well as monftrous 

 figure. .: . *- ■" -- . • • -i. 



Mr. Fairchild of Hoxton had begun to put the fame 

 into practice, and he gives dirc6tions for performing 

 it as follows : ^ .- 



Firft, to make choice of a young tree of one Ihoot, 

 either of Alder, Elm, or Willow, or any other tree 

 that will take root eafily by laying, and to bend the 

 extreme part of the ftioot gently down into the earth, 

 and fo let it remain till it has taken root, fo that 

 the plant then will refemble an arch or bent bow above 

 the ground. 



When this top end has well ftruck new roots, to dig 



about the firft root, and raife it gently out of the 



. ground, till the ftem is upright, and fo ftake it up, 



otherWife it will be apt to bend.. v^">r- -'A-:-^ '" "* 



^ 



# .' 



^h — ^^^» 



Then to prune thofe roots that are erefted in th6 air, 

 ■:from the bruifes and wounds which they received in 

 :^ being dug up, and do over with a brufh the pruned 

 '.'paints with the following compofition,^ moderately 



warm : 





1- 



.'' -~.t. 



-f . 



r.Take four ounces of taltow, four ounces of bees-wax, 



two ounces of refih, and two ounces of turpentine, 



. imelted together in a pipkin.^ 



\, — t fc» 



■->•' .. I 



After this prune off all the buds or fhoots that arc 

 upon the ftem or plant, and drefs the wound with the 

 fame compofition, to prevent any collateral ftiooiings, 



'!■'*'» 



that may fpoil the beauty of the ftem. 



Befides, care is to be taken, that the new-erowing: 



. roots of this reverfed plant be well nourifhed j and 

 therefore that part of thefhoot wlych was the larger. 

 Is' to be cut away a little below the earth, that the 



;,ftem may be better nourifhed, and its roots tranflated. 



' Thefe experim>ents are curious but not ufeful, be- 

 cause thefe reverfed trees never fhoot perpendicular, 



■ but their branches incline to the ground, retaining 



■ their former method of growing. 

 PLAT ANUS. Tourn. Inft. R. H. 590. tab. 363. 



Lin. Gen. Plant. '954. [stXcctccp^^ of srAaru?, broad, 

 becaufe the leaves of this tree are broad.] The Plane- 

 tree. -■ 



■1'^ 



*-/ -- 



The Characters are. 



1 - 



y' 



// bath male and female flcv:ers growing feparate on the 

 fame tree, The male flowers are coUe^ed in a round ball-, 

 they have no petals^ but have very fmall empalements, 

 which have cblcng coloured fiamina^ terminated by four- 

 cornered fummits. The female flozvers have fmall fcaly 



empakments^ 



( * 



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