o 



he firfl fort grows naturally in paftures, and upon 

 heaths in many pares ot England i of this there are 

 'three varieties, one with a blue, another with a pur- 

 ple, and a third with, white flowers, which are fre- 

 quently found intermixed ; and there is another which 

 is larger, and fuppofed to be a didinft fpecies ; but 

 1 rather believe this difference is owing to the foil in 

 which they grow ; for the large one is generally found 

 rowing in moift paftures, and the fmall one upon dry 

 eaths. This hath a perennial root, from which come 

 out three or four flender, traih'ng, herbaceous ftalks, 

 about fix inches long, garniflied with linear fpear- 

 Ihaped leaves, about half an inch long, and an eighth 

 part of an inch broad in the middle, terminating in 

 ' points at both ends. The flowers are produced at 

 ' the top of the fl:alks, branching out ; they are fmall, 

 ' and of a blue, purple, or white colour, having two 

 ' wings, a keel and ftandard like the butterfly flowers. 

 Thefe appear in June, and are fucceeded by flattifh 

 " heart-fliaped caplules, divided into two cells, each 

 containing one feed. 

 The fecond fort grows naturally upon flierile ground 



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about Montpelier •, this fort is annual ; it rifes with an 



; upright ftalk about fix inches high, which is garnifhed 



with narrow leaves placed alternate, ending in acute 



points. The flowers are fmall, of a worn-out purple 



colour ; the keel is bearded like the common fort. 



This flowers in July, and has feed-veflels like the 



firfl: fort, but fmaller ; the feeds ripen in autumn. 



. Thefe forts are very rarely admitted into gardens, nor 



• do they thrive fo well when fown or tranfplanted there, 



- as in their natural fituation. If thefe are cultivated, 

 their feeds fliould be fown foon after they are ripe, 

 otherwife they rarely grow: ^ :; - . 



The third fort grows naturally at tRe Cape of Good 



- Hope ; this hath a fhrubby ftalk, covered "with a 

 '■ fmbbth brown bark, which rifes fouf of five feet higK,' 

 ' fending out feveral fpreading branches toward the 

 •/top, which are clofely garnilhed with oblong, blunt- 

 ■?. pointed, fmobth leaves, about an fncK long, and a 

 /quarter of an inch broad, of a lucid green," fitting 

 '^•"clofe'to the feranchfeis. >The flowers are produced at 



the 6fi3 6r the 'Br^rtches v^ they afe'^large, white 'bn 

 f their outfide, biu of '5 bright purple within -, the keel 

 *'-of the flower /is hollowed like a halfmoon, and is 



\*-<^ ^ *- 



.'-bearded J the wings are expanded wide, and the ffan- 

 ■■" dard is incurved j this' plant cdntinueth flowering 

 •■"riioft part of fummer; The iHoweYs are fucceeded 



by comprefled heart-fhaped feed-veflTels, having two 



cells, each containing one hard, fmooth, fhining feed, 

 " This plant is propagated by feeds, which ihould be 

 ' fown in fmall pots, filled with light loamy earth j 

 *'- fbori after they are ripe, thefe pots may be placed where 

 ■'-they may have the morning fun only till Odtober, 

 - "^h'en they fliould be placed under a hot-bed frame, 

 <.-and pluhgfed into old tanners bark, ^hich hasHoft its 

 'heat, where they may be defended, from frofl: during 

 '^ the winter^ , and in the fpring tHe_pots fhould be 

 ' pluhged into a moderate hot-bedj^^which wjll bring up 



the plants. When thefe appear, tfiey i[fi6u'Ri not be 

 ' ?tb6 tenderly treated, but muft have a large Ihare of 



free air Mniitted totherft'r^hen they are fit tott^nf- I' ^ iri^oole fpikfeSat the^end of the'branches; they are 



O 



ance. Tiie management of this plant is nearly the 

 fame as for the Orange-tree. 



The fourth fort grows naturally on the Alps, and al- 

 fo upon the mountains in Auftria and Hungary ; this 

 rifes with a flcnder, branching, ligneous fliaik about a 

 foot high, when it grows upon good ground, baton 

 a rocky foil feldom more than half that height. The 

 branches are clofely garniflicd with ftilT, fmouth, fpear- 

 fliapcd leaves of a lucid green. From between the 

 leaves, toward the top of tlie branches, the flowers 

 come out upon very Ihort foot-fl:alks \ they are white 

 on their outfide, but within are of a purplifli colour 

 mixed with yellow, and have a grateful odour. Thefe 

 appear in May, and are fucceeded by feed-veflTek 

 fhaped like thofe of the former fort. 

 This plant is very difiicult to cultivate in gardens, for 

 it commonly grows out of the fiflTures of rocks, fo 

 cannot be eafily tranfplanted, and the feeds are with 

 difficulty obtained from abroad ; nor do thefe vege- 

 tate till they have been a whole year in the ground, 

 unlefs they are fown foon after they are ripe, when 

 the plants will come up the fpring following •, when 

 the plants firll come up, they make very little pro- 

 grefs here, and are as difiicuk to tranfplant as almoft: 

 any plant at prefent known, which occafions its pre- 

 fent Icarcity in England. 



The befl: method of cultivating this is by feeds, which 

 fliould be procured as freOi as pofTible from the places 

 of its natural growth, and fown in pots as foon as it 

 arrives % the pots may be plunged into the ground, 

 where they may have only the morning fun. If thefe 

 are fown before Chrifl:mas, there will be a chance of 

 the plants coming up the following fpring \ but thofe 

 which are not fown till toward fpring, will remain in 

 \ tife ground a year j therefore the pots fliould be 

 plunged into the ground, where they may have but 

 little fun the following fummer, and in autumn they 

 ^ may be removed, 'and plunged into an old tan-bed 

 under a hot-bed frame, where they may be proteded 

 .: from fevere Froff 5 for although this plant is a native 

 -^ of the Alps and other cold mountains, yet as the feeds 

 ' . will hoi be covered with fnow here, as they are in 

 their native -foil and fituation, 'they are frequently 

 : fpoiled here by the.inconftancy of the weather jn Eng- 

 ■. land. ^ When the plants come up, they fiiovjljd be 

 ; placed in fhade during fummer; and in autumn they 

 -may be turned out of the pots, and planted in a bor- 

 der where they may have only the morning fun, for 

 this plant will not thrive long in pots: If the win- 

 ter proves very fevere, it ' will be proper to cover 

 the furface of the ground about their roots with mulch 

 to keep out the froft. If the plants take root in the 

 ' border," they fliould rehialn there undifl:urbed, and 

 be only kept clean from weeds, for the ground about 



• •'■ jm mm' m • ' m 9 ■ - i '* 



%- - 





:their roots fliould not be dug or dunged. 

 . The fifth fort grows naturally in mofl: parts of North 

 3 America, 'i' This hatha perennial root compofed of 



feveral figfliy fibres, from which arife three or four 



'branching ftalks^ which growereft, and are more than 



I ciMffooi highi thefe are garniffied with fpear-maped 



leaves placed alternately^ =.The flowers are produced 



^lant, they fliould be carefully fhal^en out of thfe'pBt's, 



■ -and fcparated, planting each into a 



pot filled with 



V 



^ foft loamy earth, and plunged into a very moderate 

 ^'hot-bed to forward their taking new root, obferving 

 to fliade them from the fiin, and gehtfy refrefli them 

 ^^wjth water as they may require it, but they muft not 

 -^*-have't(J61nuch wet. Whefl they are rootedr-^they 

 mufl: be gradually inured to the open air, and iA June 

 they maybe placed abroad in a flickered fituation^' 

 where they may remain till the middlg ox latter eind of 

 Oftober, according as the feafon proves favourable ; 

 tneh theiy mult be removed into the green-houfe^ and 

 treated in the fame way as Orange-trees,' being care- 

 ful not to give them too much wet during the winter 

 feafon; '^ In the fummer they muft be placed abroad 

 with other green- houfe plants, where, by their long 

 continuance in flower, diey will, make a fine appear- 



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: fmall, white, and fliaped like thofe of the common 



l^/fprt, but their keels haxe^np beards. It flowers here 



in July, but the plants 4o not produce (eeds here. : 



The root of this fore hat^ been long ufed by the 



Seneka Indians to' cure the bite of the r*attle-fnake, 



which, Jf taken in time, is ah infallible remedy. And 



'of late "years it fias been ufed by the inhatxtants of 



. Virginia in many diforders, which are occafioned by a 



thick fizy blood; fo that the root of this plant, when 



its virtues are fully known, may become one of the 



mofl: ufeful medicines yet difcovered. The Seneka 



Indians ufe this root, which they powder, and geric-^' 

 rally carry about them when they travel in the woods,, 

 lefl: they fhould be bit by the rattle-fnake ; and when- 

 ever* this happens, they take a quantity of the powder 

 inwardly, and apply fome of it to^ the part bitten, 



i 



which is a fure remedy. 



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