^'\ 



- 'X ■ 



t f 



1 1 



n _- 



-v- 



R 



jPR^NANTHES. L5n. Gen. Plant. 8i6. Vaill. 

 Mem. ann. 1721. Wild Lettuce. 



The Ci^araCtErs are, 

 It hath a fmootb cylindrical empakment fpreading at the 

 irim^ having many fcales^ wh:ch are equal-, but have 



This common empakment in- 



three at the bafe unequal. 



dudes 'from Jive tc eight hermaphrodite fiorets^ atjpojCi 



a fingle round order \ they have one petaU which 



in 



is 



- -/ 



- \ 



.>■ 



firetched out like a tongue^ and indented in four parts at 

 the end \ they have five fhort hair-like fiamna, termi- 

 ^ffated by cylindrical fummits. The germen is fitiiated un- 

 der the petals fitpporting a fender ftylc longer than the 

 fiaynina^ crozvned by a bifid reflexed ftigma. The germen 

 afterivard bec07r.es a Jingle heart -Jhapedfeed^ crozvned with 



hairy down. 



This o-enus of plants is ranged in the firfl feftion of 

 Linna^us's nineteenth clafs, which includes the plants 

 vrith a flower compofed of all hermaphrodite or fruit- 

 ful florets, whofe ftamina and ftyle are connefted. 

 The Species are, 



1. pRENANTHEs (Muralis) flofculis quinis, foliis runci- 

 natis. Hort- Cliff. 383. Prenanthes with five florets and 

 fpear-foapcd leaves. Ladtuca fylvefliris murorum, flore 

 luteo. J. B. 2. p. 1GC4. JVild JVall Lettuce with a yel- 



low flower, 



2. Prenanthes {Purpurea) flofculis quinis, foliis lan- 

 ceolatis denticiilatis. Hort. Clifl\ 383. Prenanthes with 



five florets^ and fpear-fhaped indented leaves. Laftuca 

 inOritana purpuro-casruleomajor. C.B.P. 123. Greater 



fwfple^ blue,, Mountain Lettuce. " ' .'- 



3'. Prenanthes {AltiJJima) fiofculiis quinis foliis trilobis, 



caule erefto. Lin. Sp. Plant. 797. Upright Pernanthes 



with five florets^ and leaves having three lobes. Prenanthes 



Canadenfis akifllma, foliis variis, flore luteo. Vaill. 



,A(ft. 1 72 1. Talleft Prenanthes of Canada^ with vdrtahle 



- tedves and dyellowijh flower. 



^. pRENANTriEs(^;v///mr^^/0 flofculis quinis, caule 

 ",[ ramofo foliis ovato-lanceolatis fcmiamplexicaulibus. 

 \J^renanths with five florets^ a branching Ji alky and oval 

 ;■ fpear-fhaped leaves half embracing the ftalk. Laftuca 

 ,. montana,-^purpuro-c£erulea minor. C. B. P. 143. 



; Smaller purple ^ bliie^ Mountain Lettuce. 

 "■The firll lort grows naturally upon walls and 4ry 



* Jhady banks in many parts of England, fo is never 

 cultivated in gardens. The fecond fort grows natu- 

 rally upon the Helvetian Mountains 5 this hath a 

 ^Creeping foot^which fpreads far in the ground, fb be- 

 comes a troublefome weed if admitted into gardens. 

 The ftalks of this rife four feet high ; the leaves are 

 Jpear-fliaped, and a little indented toward their ends ; 

 the flowers are of a purple blue colour, and are pro- 

 duced loofe in panicles from the fides, and at the top 

 of the fl:alks. .. 



-■hA 



^* 



\. , -,-- 



■*-^^■> 



ThefepVirtts ars fctdom admitted into gardens, but if 

 anypcrfon is defirous to cultivate i hem, ifrheyfow 

 the feeds foon after they are ripe, in a flieltercd fitu- 

 ation, the plants will come up, and require no other 

 care but to keep them clean from weeds. 

 PRIMULA. Lin. Gen. Plant. 180. Primula vcris. 

 Tourn. Inft. R. H. 124. tab. 47. [This plant is fo 

 called, bccaufe it is the firft plant that appears in the 

 fpring.] The Primrofe ; in French, Primevtre. 

 The Characters are. 



The flower hath a five-cornered tuhulctis empakment cf 

 one leaf ending in five acute points ; it hath one petal^ 

 with a cylindrical tube the length of the empakment^ but 

 fpreads open abcve^ where it is cut into five heart-fhaped 

 figments. - It has five fljcrtftaminafiiuated in the neck cf 

 the petals terminated by ere£J acute-pointed fummits^ and 

 a globular germen fupporting a fender ftyle^ crowned by a 

 globular fiigma. The germen afteward turns to an oblong 

 capfule with one cell^ opening at the top^ filled withfmall 

 angular feeds. 



This genus of plants is ranged in the firfl; fedion of 

 LinntEus's fifth clafs, which includes thofe plants 

 whofe flowers have five fl:an:ina and one ftyle. 

 The Species are, 



1. Primula {Veris) foliis dentatis rugofis, pedunculis 

 unifloris. Primrofe with rough indented leaves^ and foot- 

 ftalks bearing one flower. Primula veris odorata, flore 

 luteo fimplici, J. B. 3. p, 495. Sweet-fmelling Primrofe 

 with a fingle yellow flower^ or common Primrofe. 



2. Primula (Elatior) foliis dentatis rugofis, fioribus 



fafl:igiatis. Primrofe with rough indented leaves^ and 



fiowcrf growing in bunches. Primula veris pallido flore 



'elation Cluf. Hifl:. 301. Taller Primrofe with a pale 



^ ^ flower y called Cowflip. 



■ V 



- i - *. 



1 -- 



V- --■* 



4' 



crenatis 



t " 



3, FRiMVLA^'^'{Farinofa) foliis crenatis glabris, florum 

 limbo piano. Hort. Cliff. 50.^ Primrofe with fmooth 

 crenated leaves^ and a plain border to the flower: '^Yn- 

 mula veris rubro flore. Cluf. Hift. 300." Primrofe with 

 a red flower^ called^Bird's-eyen. -^: ^* -r^r- -:■* 



PriIwula (Polyantha) foliis petiolatis fubcordatis 



fioribus fafl:igiatis pedunculis longiflimis. 

 Primrofe or Cowflip with heart-Jhaped cfenated leaves 

 having foot-ftalksy and flowers growing in hunches on 

 very long foot-ftalks. ^ i:':'^-- \r:i^: . .. .:. \- . 

 The firft fort of Primrofe grows wild in woods, and 

 other fliady places in mofl: parts of England, from 

 ce their roots may be eafily tranfplanted into the 

 garden, where, if they are placed under hedges, and' 

 in fhady walks, they make a beautiful appearance 

 early in,' the ipring, when few other plants are in 

 flower/ ■ ■ .' • '^ ' '<■■'' 



This plant is fo well known as to need no defcrip- 

 tion ; the flowers and roots of this are ufed in medi- 



w 





—_ * 



V- 



cme. 



- If 



,4 



-\ 



Thefe appear in July, and are fuc- 

 ceeded Ey feeds which ripen in autumn. . '-" 'T 

 The third fort grows naturally in moit parts of North f There are feveral varieties of this which have been 

 America, where it is called Dr. Witt's Rattle-fnake I ; - accidentally obtained, as the paper-white Primrofe 



-' 



root 



The 



i- , 



t -^ 



■- iw 



' ■ 



r "fc. 



K 



M '. 



-n 



4 - - 



■^ - 



*X" 



this feldomli^ds'longer than two years, 

 lower leaves are four or five inches ion?, and three 

 broad ; they are fonietimes divided intp five lobes, 

 but generally into three j they are indented a little on 

 their edges, fmooth, of a dark green on their upper 

 fide, but, pale on their under. The ftalks rife three 

 feet high, and are garnifhed with a few fmall leaves 

 •which are entire ; the flowers come out from the fide 

 of the ftalk in fmall bunches ; thefe' are of a pale 

 yellow colour, and appear in July. They are fucceeded 

 by feeds, crowned with hairy down," which ripen in 

 gutumn. There is a variety of this with pale purple 

 flowers which arife from the fame leecfs. ' The roots 

 of thefe plants are faid to be an "antidote to expel the 

 venom of the rattle-fnake, which' Induced me to 

 mention thefe plants. 



■ With fingle'and^ double flowers, the common Prim- 

 :. ^ rofe with double 'flowers, the red Primrofe with finele 

 '^ and double flowers j thefe have but one flower upon 



•a foot-ftalk. 



-> - *^ , -,--'* 



^ . '<• ' 



■* t *' 







The fourth fort grows naturally on the'mbuhtaihs in 

 ^ Qermany -, this hath a perennial root. The ftalks rife 

 , ^ foot. high, and branch out on each fide : the leaves 

 are fpear-ftiaped and oval ; their bafe is broad, and 

 half furrouhds the ffalk j the flowers grow joofcly up- 

 on {lender foot-ftalks, which come out from 'the Yide, 

 and at the end of the branches. Thefe appear in June, 



and the feeds ripen in autumn/vrr - :> ■ 



>r ^ -"• ^ 



» s- - 



^- ^' 



^-'"^- «• -- 



- s 





n 



'V- 



e fecond fort is the Cowflip, or Paigle, or Para- 

 '^': lyfis of the ftiops -, this grows naturally in meadows 

 .. and moift pa'ftur'es in many parts of England. The * 

 " -flowers of this fort grow in bunches at the top of the 



ftalk, fo are eafily diftinguiftied from the former -, '■ 

 ; they are ifitich ufed in* medicine, and fometimes the 

 leaves.^" As thefe grow wild, their roots may betaken 

 up and tranfplanted into gardens.' ••:y^>-^^.? ->, ' * 

 *''' The beft time to trar/plant them is at Michaelmasy 

 that their rcotVmiay have ftrength,to produce their 

 . flowers early in the {pring. Thefe delight in a ftrong 

 ^ foil, but will grow in almoft any fort of earth, pro- 

 vided they have a fEady fituation. ^ 

 \ There are I great variety of this at prcfent in the gar- 

 ■ dens, as tlie Hofe in Hofc, the double Cowflip, and 

 •'all the forts of Polyanthus, which have been fomiich 

 "^improved within the laft fifty years, as to alm.oft equal 

 '.the variety of tHe^ Auriculas ; and in* fome parts of 

 England they' are fo much eftee^rhed as to fell for a 

 guinea a 'root, fo'tlStt there may "be 'ftiU a much • 

 : . ' • . -,'• \..- ' >..;-c -.■..;* :■■ greater- 



* 



V 



•,-^- 



*-• 



H_ 



^ ■■ '.I 



- i.:,. 



— n_ 4 - 



r^r.'— 





-■ I 



- .-. 



h 



-^ I 



I ■ 



*-N 



X - ' 



■ X 



» T 



- ' 



V. 





> 



\' 



,-...■.-< 



' - 



-1- 



■'',- 



I^ -.. 



-.-..- V 'i 



I . ' 



- r 



--- 



,-v- * 



^ '■ 



- -N« 



» - 



-^ 



* - "■- 



'' ^ .1^ 



- > / 



»-H '' 



/ - 



- " ■'. 



■ s- 



ll 



f'k 



- . » 



-. V . 



If 



', - 



'--- 



-.. 



>' " 



• ' 



4' 



J * 1 



^■-f 





1 - 



%. S 



i - - 



•.*- • 





-* '. 



t f 



i «i 



/- 



- *■ ' 



^.1 »VV.' 



..r 



1 



.1- 



■ I 



-' ■ 



- ► 



t. 



vW 



- y 



-<L-, 



1 ^ 



