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•to grow as it is naturally difpofcd, with its branches 

 produced at proportionable diftances, according td 

 the fize of the fruit,) by endeavouring to make it ex- 

 adtiv repAilar at its head, fo crouded with fniall weak 

 branches as to prevent the air from pafllng between 

 them, which will render the trees incapable to produce 

 fruit. All that I intend by this flopping of luxuriant 

 branches, is only when one or two fuch happen on a 

 young tree, where they entirely draw all the fap- 

 from the weaker branches, whereby they ftarve them, 

 then it is proper to ufe this method, which fhould be 

 done m time, before they have exhaufted the roots 



too much. . ^ \ ■ ^ ■ ' 



Whenever this happens to' ftone fruit, which fufFer 



much more by cutcmg than the former forts, it Iliould 

 be remedied by fcopping or pinching thofe fhoots in 

 the fpring, before they have obtained too much vi- 

 gour, which will caufe them to pufh out fide- 

 branches, whereby the fap will be diverted from af- 

 cending too faft to the leading branch (as hath been 

 directed for wall-trees,) but this mufl: be done with 



caution. 



You muft alfo cut out all dead or decayed branches, 



which caiife their heads to look very ragged, cfpe- 

 cially at the time when the leaves arc upon the tree •, 

 thefe being deftitute of them, have btit a defpicable 

 appearance; belides, thefe will attra<fl noxious par- 

 ticles from the air, which are injurious to the trees, 

 therefore tlae fooncr they are cut out the better. In 

 doing of this you Ihould obferve to cut them clofe 

 down to the place where they were produced, other- 

 wife that part of the branch left will decay, and prove 

 ijqually hurtful to the tree •, for it feldom happens, 

 v/hen a branch begins to decay, that it does not die 

 quite down to the place where it was produced ; and, 

 if any part is permitted to remain long ur^cut, does 

 often infect fome of the other parts of the trecV' If 

 the branches are large which you cut off, it will be 

 very proper, after having fmoothed the cut part ex- 

 actly even with a knife,^ chifel, or hatchet, to put on 

 aplaftcr of grafting clay, "which will prevent the wet 

 from foaking into the tree at the wounded part, i 

 All fuch branches as run crofs each other ftioiild alfo 

 be cut out, for thefe not only occafioa a confufion in 

 the head of the tree, Jju^ by lying over each other, 

 rub off their, bark by tneir motion, and very often 

 occafion theni to canker, to the great injury of the 



ancfoh old trees (efpecially Apples) there are 

 often young vigorous fhoots from the old branches 

 fiear the trunk, which grow upright into the head of 

 the trees. Thefe therefore Ihould carefully be cut 



U 



■ - ncfpcrmia, from the flowers having two long and two 

 (hort {lamina, which are fucceedcd by four naked 

 feeds fitting in the empalcment. 

 The Species are, 



1. Prunella {Vulgaris) foliis omnibus ovato-oblongis 

 petiolatis. Lin. Sp. Plant. 837. Self-heal zuilh all the 

 leaves oblongs ovaly having foot-ftalks. Brunclla ma- 

 jor, folio non diffefto. C. B. P. 260. Greater Self-heal 

 with entire leaves, 



2. Prunella (Laciniata) foliis ovato-oblongis petiola- 

 tis, fupremis quatuor lanceolatis dentatis. Lin. Sp. 

 Plant. 837. Self-heal with oblong oval leaves having 



. foot-ftalks-, whofe upper part of the leaves are cut into 

 four fegments. Brunella folio laciniato. C. P. B. 261. 

 Self-heal with cut leaves. 



Prunella {Hyffopifolia) foHis lanceolato-linearibus 

 ciliatis fubfeflllibus. Sauv.Monfp. 141. Self-heal with 

 linear fpear-fljapedjeaves fitting clofe to theftalks, Bru- 

 nella Hyfibpifolia, C. B. P. 261. Self-heal with an 

 Hyffcp leaf 



4. Prunella (C(2w^i/fw/?i) foliis linearibus feffilibus gla- 

 bris, incernodiis longiffimis, fpicis interruptis. Self- 

 heal with linear fmooth leaves fitting clofe to the fialksy 

 the fpaces between the joints very long^ and the fpikes of 

 flowers broken,. 

 Prunella (Sulphurea) foliis oblongis pinnato-incifis 

 villofis, infimis petiolatis, fummis lefTilibus. Self-heal 

 with oblong hairy leaves cut in form of winged leaves^ the 

 loiver having foot-ftalks^ but the upper fit clofe to the 

 fialks. Brunella folio laciniato, flore fulphureo ele- 



3 



b 



gantifiimo. Bderh, Ind. alt. 



'- » 



6 Prunella {Caroliniana) foliis lanceolatis integerrimis, 



infimis petiolatis, fummis feflllibus, incernodiis prse- 



longis. Self-heal with entire fpear-fhaped leaves^ the 



lower having long fcot-ftalks, but the upper fit clofe to 



\ the ftalk^and the joints of the fialk are diJiarJ. Bruncl- 



^ la Caroliniaria magho flore dilute casruleo, internodiis 



. prselongis. Aft. Phil. N° 395. *. - .* v ./:r 

 7. Prunella {NovaAnglia) foliis oblongis mucronatis 

 ;^et]olati^^ fpicis fiorum cjr^fliflimis. Self-heal withob- 

 ':Jong pointed leaves having foot-ftalks^ and very thick 

 fpikes of flowers. f^lBvuhcuk Novae Anglian major, fo- 





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tree 



' / out every year, left, by being permitted to grow, they 

 -' fill the tree too full of wood ; which fhould always be 

 *- guarded againft, fmce it is impoflible for fuch trees 

 '-\ to produce fomuch, or fo good fruit as thofe, whofe 

 <: bi^ahches grow at a farthei: diftahce, whereby the fun 



liis longius'mucrohatis. Hort. Chclf. 

 .There are fome other varieties, if Aot difl:ind: fpecies, 

 of this genus, than ^are here enumerated; but it is 

 difficult to determine the fpecies, fome of them ap- 

 proaching fo near to others, as fcarcely to be diftin- 





* .- 



X^ 



guifhed from them ; the firil fort grows naturally in 

 England, and is ufed in medicine ; the dried herb is 

 frequently imported from Switzerland, among thofe 

 which are called vulnerary herbs, of which this is fup- 

 pofed to be one of the beft. 

 The fecondfort is lefs common than the firft, and of 



I ■ '•■■■"IT 



this there are two or three varieties, which fome wri- 



ters on botany have enumerated as diftindt fpecies ; 



one of thefe has narrower leaves, which are cut into 



and air freely pafs between them in every pa"rtl)f the I ~ finer fegments •, this is titled Verbenni folio •, but as 



tree.' 







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Thefe are the general direraons which are proper to 

 be s^ven in this place, fince not only the particular 

 methods, tiiTalfo the proper feafons for Pruning all 





the plants r'aifed from the fame feeds are very fubj 

 to vary, fo it is difficult to determine if it i? really a 



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; the^'difFerent kinds of fruit, are fully exhibited under 

 their feveral articles. 





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PRUNELLA. Lin, Gen. Plant. y^B- TouPn. Tnft. 



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R.H. 8 4:- Self-heal, r: 



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three 



'■': .i- The CHAiRACTERsare, ;pf^^, '''f^^'.: J2" "-^^ 

 ^'S^e flower haih a permanent empalement^ ^I.%?J^^fy 



the upper'is platHy broaj^ ^Jjljghh in- 

 dented in three parts \ the under is ereH^ acute-pointed^ 

 -'f^ancTcuttnto two fegments\ the flower ts of the ringent 

 ^i" kindy having a fhort cylindrical tube with oblong chaps j 

 :.; . /^^ Upper lip is concave^ nodding^ and entire \ the under 

 \Jsreflexedy trifldj andobtufe. It hath four awl-Jhaped 

 ftamina^ two of which are longer than the other y with 

 ■ Jtmple fummits infer ted to the ftamina, and four germen 

 ' with a ftender ftyle^ inclining to the upper lip of the flowery 

 crowned by an indented ftigma. The germen afterward 

 become four feedsy fitting in the empalement of the flower. 

 This genus of plants is ranged in the firft fedion of 

 Lipn?;us's foyrtccnth clafs, intitled Didynamia Gym- 



V ^ ' 



different plant. 



The third fort grows naturally in Italy and the fouth 

 of France; the leaves of this fort are narrower than 

 thofe of either of tKe former, and are covered on both 

 ,fides with fine hair?, and have very fhort foot-ilalks ; 

 the fpikes of flowers are flender, and are of a pale blue 

 colou/i this flowers in July, and the feeds ripen in 

 the autum*n. 



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/The fourth fort grpwrs naturally in North America i 

 the leaves of this are pretty long and narrow, fhaped 

 like thofe of the third fort, but are fmooth, fitting 

 clofe to the fi:alk • the fpikes of flowers are longer, 

 an^ the whorls of flowers arc feparated. 

 'it is uncertain where the fifth fort grows naturally, 



I think Dr. Boerh^aave, late profefibr of bo- 

 tany at Leydcn, ,told me, he received the feeds from 

 Auftria;" the ftalks^of this fort generally fpread open, 

 and profl:rate near the ground ; thefe are hairy, and 

 garnilhed with oblong leaves, which are alfo hairy, 

 and cut oh their edges fomewhat like winged leaves \ 



tRe1?alks are terminated by clofe fpikes of flowers, of 



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