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This genus of plant 

 Linna;us's tenth 



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 o 



Y 



is ranccd in the firil fedJ.on of 



clafs, which cor/ains 



thofe plants 



whofe flowers have ten ildmina and one ftyle. 

 The Species are, 



y. PvR0LA(725/ia^i//i/7/2) ftaniinibus adfcendentibus, pif- 



tillo declinaco. Flor. Suec. 330. IVinter-grcen with ri- 



fing ftivnhia^ and a declining point al. Pyrola rotundi- 



iblia major. C. B. P. 191. Greater round-leaved [Vin- 



ter~grecn. - 



2. Pyrola {Secunda) racemo unilateral!. Flor. Suec. 

 332. IJ^inter-green "joith a hunch of flowers ranged on one 

 Jide the foct-ftalL Pyrola folio mucronato ferrato. C. 

 , B. P. * 1 9 1 • Wintcr-green 'with a fawed pointed leaf. 



0, Pyrola {Uniflora) fcapo unifloro. Flor. Lapp. 167. 



■ IVinter-green wth one flower inafheath, Pyrola rotun- 

 difolia minor. C. B. P. 191. Smaller round-leaved 

 Wintcr-green, ■ ' . * - • * 



4. PyPvOLa {Maculata) pedunculis bifloris. Lin. Sp. 



Plant. 396. IVintcr-grcew-jjith two flowers on a foot- 



ftalk. Pyrola Mai7landica minor, folio mucronato 



' ;-. arbuti. Pet. Muf. 675. Smaller Winter-green of Mary- 

 land^ with a pointed Strawberry leaf. \ 

 The firft fort grows "wild in many places in the North 

 of Enn:land, particularly near Hallifax in Yorkfcire, 

 on rocky hills and heaths, as alfo in (nady woods ; fo 

 ■ It is verydiiEcult to prefcrve in gardens in the fbudi- 



erS parts. ' ■ -^ - ■".' ; ' 



' '^This hath a perennial root, from which fpring out five 



or fix roundilli leaves, about an inch and a half long, 



anctalmofl as broad, of a thick conliflence, of a deep 



. lucid green, and entire^ Jlanding upon pretty long 



Toot-ftaiks. Between . theie rife a flender upright 



' ■ ftalk near a foot high, naked great part of the length, 



_! lending in'a loofe fpike of flowers, which are com- 



'^ compofed of five large concave petal?^, fpreading 



■ r^like a Rofe, but the two upper leaves are formed 

 into a kind of helmet! In the center is" fituated a 



C- ci^ooked pointal, bending downward, attended by ten 

 ^i^^^ilender ilamina, terminated by Saffron-coloured fum- 

 mits. It flowers in July, and the flowers are fuc- 



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ceeded by cornered compreflTed capfules, having five 

 cells, filled with fmall feeds. ' ; ' .- > 



The fecond fort grows naturally upon mountains in 

 Italy, particularly near Verona and Genoa, and I have 

 found it growing in Weftmorcland. This hath a {len- 

 der, creeping, perennial root, from v/hich arifc two 

 or three very flender ligneous fl:alks about five inclies 

 high, fuilaining at the top four or five oval acute- 

 pointed leaves, an inch and a half lono; and one broad, 

 ot a thinner confiflence, and a brighter green than 

 tftofc of the former, each fl:"anding upon a fliort foot- 

 ftalk ; and between thefe, on the fide of the fl;alk, 

 comes out the foot-ftalk of the flowers, upon which 

 they are ranged along one fide ; they arelnaped like 

 the other, but are fmaller, as are alfo. the "capfules.^ It 

 fiov/ers about the fame time with the firfl: fort, --^r 

 The third fort grows naturally in fhady woods in the 

 northern parts of Europe. This, hath si perennial 

 cree'pincr root, from which come forth four or five 

 roundilh leaves of a pretty thick confidence, and be- 

 tween thefe arifes a foot-ftalk about four rncTie's high, 

 fufl:aining one large white flower '6ri the top, of the 

 fame fliapeas the others. It flowers in June. -;"^; ;•.; 

 . ■ The fourth fort grov/s naturally in North America ; 

 • this hath a ligneous perennialroot. From which arife 

 ■ two cr three ligneous ftalks a foot and dhalf hiah, 

 e;arni(hed with ftifF leaves two or three inches long, 

 one broad near the bafe, ending in acute points, and 



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A 



Y R 



eardi. to their *-oots, and planted in a fhady fituaflor, 

 and oh. a moiPc undunged foil, where they ftiould be 

 frequently watered in dry weather, otherwifc they 

 will not ihilve. Some of tiicfe plants may be.planted 

 in pots, whiqh fliould be filled witli 



arth as nearly 

 reiembling that in which they naturally grow as pof- 

 fible, and place them in a fhady fituacion, where, 

 if they are conftanLly watered in dry weather, they 

 will thrive very well. ^ . * ^ 



Th.e firfl: fort is ordered by the College of Phyficians 

 to be ufed in medicine, and is generally brought over 

 from Switzerland amongfl; other "vulnerary plants, 

 ongfl: wiiich clafs this plant is ranged, and by fome 

 hath been greatly commended. . 

 PYRUS. Tourn. Infl;. R. PL 628. tab. 404. Lin. 

 Gen. Plant. 550. The Pear-tree; in French, Poirier. 



amon 



The Characters arc, -* 



< f- 



^he flower hath a permanent empalemcnt cf 



one 



leaf. 



which IS concave^ and divided into flve parts at the lop ; // 

 hatbflve rom:diflj concave petals^ whith are inferted in the 

 empalement^ and many awUflmped ft amina fljcrter than the 

 petals^ which are alfo inferted in theeynpalement^ andtermi- 

 . nated hy finglc fummits. The gerrnen isfltuated under the 

 ' flower^ fuppor ting four or five ftyles crowned by fingle ftig- 

 mas \ it afterward becomes a pyramidal flefhy fruit in- 

 dented at the top^ hut produced at the bafe^ having five * 

 membrav.accGUs cells ^ each containing one fmccth chlong 

 . feed pointed at the bafe, ; ..; . ■ ". , 



This genus of plants Is ranged in the fourth fedtion 

 of Linnseus's twelfth clafs, which includes thofe- 

 plants whofe flowers have more than twenty ftaniina 

 inferted in the empalement, and five flyles. . To this 

 genus he has joined the Malus'and Cydonia. ^ ''' "" 







The Pear and Qiiince maybe joined together with more 

 propriety than the Apple with cither, for thc.fruit of the 

 the two former are produced at their bafe, whereas the 

 Apple is indented both at the'top and bottohi;' nor will 

 the Apple grow upon either of the other two, or they: 

 upon the Apple, when grafted or budded ; but the 

 Quince and Pear will grow upon each other, fo there is a 

 boundary fet by nature between thofe and the Apple. 

 The feveral varieties of Pears, which are now culti- 

 vared in the curious fruit-gardens, have been acci- 

 dentally obtained by feeds, fo muft not be deemed 

 diftind fpecies j but, as they are generally diftin- 

 guiflied in the fruit-gardens and nurfery, by the Ihape, 

 fize, and flavour of their fruit, I fliall continue thofe 

 difl:in6lions^ that the. work rnay not appear imperfcfl: ' 

 t'o fuch as deliehtin the cultivation of thefe fruits..' 

 .The Species are,.'--^** - '^ ^^r^-^--, , ^t 



* 





r 



I. 



2. 



Pyrus {Mufk) fativa, fruftu ^(livo parvo racem.bro 

 odoratifllmo. Tourn. Petit^ Mtfcat^ i, e. Little JMufk 

 Pear^ commonly called the Supreme.'\'.fr\\\^ fruit is gene- 

 rally produced' in^Iarge clufterS; It is rather round 

 th^nlong, the ftalk_lliprtV'and, when ripe, the fkin 

 is of a yellow colour '^ the juice is fomewhat muflcy, 

 and, if gathered "before it is too ripe, is a good Pear. 

 This ripens the middle of July, and will coritinue 

 good but for a fewdays.*-; ;. i- - .t, .- 



Pyrus {Chio) fativa, fru6lu asfl-ivo^ minimo odora- 

 tifllmo:* Tourn. Poire de Chio^ i. e, the Ckio Pear^ 

 commonly called the little Baftard Mujk Pear J, This is 

 fmaller than the former, but is in ihape pretty much 

 like that.^' The flcin, when ripe, has a few fl;reaks of 

 red on the fide jrjext the fun, and the fruit feldom 







about three inches 



have fome Iharp indentures on their borders i the 

 midrib is remarkably broad, and very white,^ as are 

 alfo the veins which run from it. The flowers are 

 produced at the end of the ftalk on flender foot-ftaflvs 



long, each fufl:aining tv/o fmall 

 pale-cqloured flowers at^the top. ' It flov/ers in June. 

 Thefe are all of them very difficult to cukivate in gar- 

 dens, for as they grow on very cold hills, and in molTy 

 moorifli foil, when they "are removed to a better fod, 

 and in a warmer fituation, they feldom continue long. 

 The bcfl; time to tranfplant thefe plants into gardens 

 is about Michaelmas, provided the roots can then be 



found, when they fl:iould be taken up v/ith balls of 



3 



-hangs in clutters as the tormer, but in other refpedls 



iis nearly like it. ^-si/^nio-'^c-; ;.v";ir'/; • ^ ^^^-r ^ 

 PvRus (Citron desCarmes) fativa, fruduleftivo parvo, 



viricti.albido.- Tourn. >^Pi:/r^ Hd.tivcau^ i. e, the 



c 





f- 



Hafting Pear ; Pcire Madeleine^ cu Citron des Carmes^ 

 called commonly the green CbifeL This is a larger Pear 

 than either of the former, and is produced more to- 

 v/SLrd the pedicle. >/I\he fkin is thin^. and of a.whiiifli 

 green colour when ripe; the flefli is melting, and, if 

 not too ripe,' of a fugary flavour, but is apt to.be 

 cally.,; This' ripens in the end of July, _, ^- 



4 



m 

 Py 



fRUS {Mufcadcjle) J-ai'iv^^ fruclu sltivo partim fa- 

 turate rubenie, partirn fiavefcente. Tourn. Mnfca^elks 

 Rouges^ it'^'-e,i*. ike red Mufcadelle, It is alfo called 

 La Belliflime, h e.^rhe Fairefl:or Suprerpe' This-^"i 

 large early Pear^ cf gri^i beauty ^ the Tku*: is of ,a^ne 



10 Zu ., /yeirow 



