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horfehoing, all the weeds in the intervals will be cp- 

 tireJy dcltroyed \ (b that if a few plants of Charlock 

 in the rows of Turneps fl:iould be overlooked, they 

 may be eafily drawn out when they appear vifible -^ 

 and by this method, the land will be fooner and better 

 cleaned from v/eeds. , 



The greateft evil whicli attends a crop of Turneps, 

 is that of their being deftroyed by the fly, which 

 ufually happens foon after the plants come above 

 ground, or while they are in the feed leaf; for, after 

 They have put out their rough leaves pretty ftrong, 

 they will be paft this danger. This always happens 

 in dry weather, fo that if there fhould be rain when 

 the Turneps come up, they will grov/ fo fall, as to 

 be in a few days out of danger from the fly ; and it 

 hath been found, that thofe, which have been fown in 

 drills, have efcaped the fly much better than thofe 

 fown in broad-caft ^ but if foot is fown along the fur- 

 face of each drill, it will be of great fervice to keep 

 off the fly, and a fmall quantity of it will be fuf- 

 ficient for a large field, where the drills only are to be 

 covered. ^ --. ' ■•' ' . ; 



Another danger of the crops being deftroyed is from 

 the caterpillars, which very often attack them, when 

 they are grown fo large as to have fix or eight leaves 

 on a plant. The fureft method of deftroying thefe 

 infeds is to turn a large parcel of poultry into the 

 field, which fhould be kept hungry, and turned ear- 

 ly in the morning into the field -, thefe fowls will foon 

 devour the infefts, and clear the Turneps. To this 

 evil the Turneps, which are fown in drills, are not 

 fo much expofed, for as the ground between the rows 

 will be kept fl:irred, the plants will be kept growing, 

 fo will not be in danger of fjfFering from thefe in- 

 fects ; for the parent infe6ts never depofit their eggs 

 upon any plants which are in health, but as foon as 

 they are (tinted, they are immediatdy covered with 



: the eggs of thefe infedls; and this holds in general 

 with the vegetables as with animals, who are fcldom 



'. attacked by vermin when they are in perfect health ; 

 whereas, when they become unhealthy, they are foon 

 overfpread with them, fo that it is the difeafe which 

 occafions the vermin, and not the vermin the difeafe, 

 as is commonly imagined. Therefore as the plants 

 will always be in greater health when the ground is 

 well fl:irred about them, there will be lefs danger of 



- their fuffcring from thefe enemies, when they are cul- 

 . tivated by the horfe-hoe, than in the common way. 



' "When the Turneps are fown in drills, it will be the 



befl way to hoc between every other row at firft, "^nd 



fonie time after to hoe the alternate intervals, by 



^ which method the plants will receive more benefit 



. from the often ftlrring the ground, than they would 

 do if all the intervals were hoed at one time, and the 



: plants will be in lefs danger of fuffering frojii the 



- earth being throv/n up too highon feme rows,"*" while 

 others may be left too bare of earth j but, when the 

 earth has been thrown up on one fide of the drill, it 

 may be turned down again when the next interval is 

 hoed, and this alterhate moving of the earth will 

 ^ prepare the gi-ound v^ry well for the fucceeding crop, 

 as well as greatly improve the Turneps ; but, as this 

 plough cannot well be drawn nearer to the drills than 



: two or three inches, the remaining ground (hould be 

 forked to loofcn the parts, and make way for the 

 fibres of the roots to ftrike out into the intervals, 

 otherwife, if the land is ftrong, it will becbme fo 

 hard in thofe places v^hich are not ftirred, as to ftint 

 the growth of the Turneps, and this may be done at 

 a fmall expence ; a good hand will perform a great 

 deal of this work in a day, and, whoever will make 

 the trial, will find their account in praftifing it, ef- 

 pecially on all fl.rong land, where the Turneps are 

 much more liable to fuffer from the binding of the 

 jgrouhd, than they will be on a loofe foil -, but yet, in 

 all forts of ground, it will be of great fervice to prac- 

 tife this. 



* 1 r 



Barley, or any other crop • fo that tijere wiii be an 

 advantage in this, when the Turneps are kept hreon 

 the ground, as will often be the cafe, efpeciailv when 

 they are cultivated for feeding of ewes, becaufc it is 

 often the middle of April before the gVoand will bt^ 

 cleared i for late feed in the fpring, before the natu- 

 ral Grafs comes up, is the moft wanted, where num- 

 bers of Iheep and ewes are maintained, arid one acre 

 of Turneps will afford more feed than thirty acres of 

 the beft pafture at that feafon. 



In Norfolk and fomc other counties, they cultivate 

 great quantities of Turneps for feeding of black cat- 

 tle, which turn to great advantage to their farms, 

 for hereby they procure a good dreffing for their 

 land *, fo that they have extraordinary good crops of 

 Barley upon the fame ground, which would not have 

 been worth the ploughing, if it had not been thus 

 huft)anded. 



When the Turneps are fed off the ground, the cattle 

 ftiould not be fuffered to run over too much of it at 

 one time ; for if they are not confined by hurdles to 

 as much as is fufficient for them one day, the cattle 

 will fpoil three times the quantity of Turneps as they 

 can eat, fo that it is very bad huft^andry to give them 

 too much room ; therefore the hurdles fhould be 

 once or twice every day removed forward, and, if the 

 Turneps are drawn out of the ground before the cat- 

 tle or Iheep are turned into the new inclofure, there 

 will be lefs wafte made, for they will then eat up the 

 whole roots j whereas, if they are turned upon the 

 Turneps growing, .they will fcoop the roots, and 

 leave the rinds, which being hollow, the urine of the 

 Iheep will lodge in, them ; fo that when they are 

 forked out of the ground, the Iheep will not eat any 

 one of thofe roots which are thus tainted. . . / -. 

 I cannot omit taking notice of a common miftake, 

 which has generally prevailed with perfons who have 

 not been well informed to the contrary, which is, in 

 relation to the mutton which is fattened with Turneps, 

 moft people believing it to be rank and ill tafted; 

 whereas it is a known faft, that the beft mutton this 

 country affords is all fattened on Turneps ; and that 

 rank mutton, whofe fat is yellow, is what the lov/ 



marfhy lands of Llncolnftiire, and other rank pafturcs, 

 produce. 



In order to fave good Turnep-feeds, you fliould tranf- 

 plant fome of the faireft roots in February, placing 

 them at leaft two feet afunder each v/ay, obferving to 

 keep the ground clear from weeds, until the Turneps 

 have fpread fo as to cover the ground, when they will 

 prevent the weeds from growing \ and when the feed- 

 pods are formed, you ftiould carefully guard them 

 againft the birds, otherwife they will devour it', efpe- 

 cially when it is near ripe ; at which time you fhould 

 cither flioot the birds as they alight upon the feed, or 

 lay fome birdlimcd twigs upoh it,' whereby fome of 

 them will be caught ; and, if they are permitted to 

 remain fome time, and afterwards turned loofe, they 

 will prevent the birds from coming thither again for 

 fome time, as I have experienced. When the feed is 

 ripe, it fhould be cut up, and fpread to dry in the 

 fun ; after which it may be threfhed out, and preferved 



for ufc. ' :. ^f 



There have been many receipts for preventing the fly 



taking Turneps, but few of them deferve notice, 

 therefore I fhall only mention two or three which I 

 have feen tried with fuccefs. The firft was ftceping 

 the feeds in water with flower of brimftone mixed, fo ^ 

 as to make it ftrong of the brimftone : anotlier was 

 fteeping it in water with a quantity of the juice of 

 HorfcrAloes mixed ; both which have been found- of 

 ufe. The fowing of foot or Tobacco-duft over the 

 young plants as Toon as they appear above ground, 

 has alfo been found very ferviceable : in ftiort, what- 

 ever will add vigour to the young plants will prevent 

 their being deftroyed by the fly, for thefe never at- 

 tack them till they are {tinted in their growth. 



When the ground is thus ftirred in every part, one RAPH ANUS. Tourn. Inft. R. H. 229. tab. 114. 

 ploughing will be fufFicient, after the Turneps are ■ Lin. Gen. Plant. 736. [ofpaJi^, eafy, zr\6 tpxUc, to 

 eaten off tlie ground, to prepare it for the fownig of] appear ; q. d. a plant cafily appearing, for this plant 



being 



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