R H A 



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A 



good feafon 



■/ 



but if any perfons will follow the direftions hereafter 

 given, I can from experience promife them much 

 better fuccefs. 



As the Weld will grow upon very poor foil, yet the 

 crop will be id proportion to the goodnefs of the land *, 

 for upon very poor ground, the plants will not rife 

 more than a foot high, whereas upon good ground I 

 have meafured them upward of three feet, and the 

 ftalks, leaves, S:c. have been in proportion ; fo that 

 the better the foil is upon which it is fown, the greater 

 will be the produce. 



The beft way to cultivate this plant, is to fov/ it 

 without any other crop ; if the ground is ready by 

 the beginning or middle of Auguft, that will be a 



the land fhould be well ploughed and 

 harrowed fine, but unlefs it is very poor, it will not 

 require dung i v/hen the ground is well harrowed 

 and made fine, the feeds fhould be fown ; one gallon 

 of the feeds is fufficient to fow an acre of land, for 

 they are fmall. If rain falls in a little time after the 

 feeds are fown, it will bring up the plants, and in 

 two months time they will be fo far advanced as to 

 be eafily diftinguifhed from the weeds ; then they 

 fhould be hoed in the like manner as Turneps, al- 

 ways obferving to do it in dry weather, for then the 

 weeds will foon die after they are cut up ; at this 

 time the plants may be left about fix inches diftance ; 

 if this is done in dry weather, and the work well 

 performed, the plants will be clean from weeds till 

 the fpring ; but as young weeds will come up in 

 March, fo if in dry weather the ground is hoed again, 

 it may be performed at a fmall experice while the 

 weeds are young, and then they will foon decay ; and 

 if after this there fhould be many more weeds appear, 

 it will be proper to hoe it a third time, about the be- 

 ginning of May, which will preferve the ground 

 clean till the Weld is fit to pull. The beft time to 

 pull the Weld for ufe, is as foon as it begins to How- 

 ler, though mofl people ftay till the feeds "are ripe, 

 ; being unwilling to lofe the feedi; but it is'^Trnuch 

 <• better to fow a fmall pi^ce of land with this feed, to 



to let the 



whofe flowers have five flamina and one flyle ; but ac- 

 cording to his fyftem, it fhould b.* placed in the fir^il 

 fcftion of his twenty-fecond clafs •, but as he has 

 joined to this genus the Frangula, Paliurus, Alater- 

 nus, and Ziziphus of Tournefort, fo to comprehend 

 them all he has placed them in his fifth clafs, which 

 had much better be kept feparate. 



The Species are, 

 Rhamnus 



{Catharticus) 

 ovato-lanceolatis ferratis 



floribus axillaribus, 

 nervofis. Buckthorn 



foliis 



VJttKf 



fiowers proceeding from the fides of the branches^ aid 

 cval^ fpear-jhafed^ fawed^ veined leaves. Rhamnus ca- 



tharticus. C. B. P. 478. 

 thorn. 



Purging cr common Buck- 



2. Rhamnus {Minor) floribus axillaribus, foliis ovatis 

 acuminatis nervofis integerrimis. Buckthorn with 

 fiowers proceeding from thefitdes of the branches, and oval, 

 acute-pointed, entire leaves, having veins, Rhamnus ca- 

 tharticus minor. C. B. P. 478. Smaller purging cr 

 common Buckthorn^ commonly called Dwarf Rhamnus, 



3. Rhamnus (Longifolia) foliis lanceolatis, floribus ax- 

 illaribus. Buckthorn with fpearfijaped leaves, and flowers 

 grooving from thefitdes of the ftalks. Rhamnus cathar- 

 ticus minor, folio longiori. Tourn. Inft. c^g'^. Smaller 

 purging Buckthorn with a longer leaf, 



4. Rhamnus {Africana) foliis cuneiformibus confertis 

 perennantibus, floribus corymbofis alaribus. Buck- 

 thorn with wedgefioaped evergreen leaves growing in duf- 

 fers, and fiowers growing in roundifh bunches from thefitdes 

 of the branches, Rhamnus Afer, folio pruni longiore 

 fubrotundo, flore candicante, fpinis longiffimis. Bocrh. 

 Ind. alt. 212. African Buckthorn with a longer rotindifh 

 Plum leaf, a very white flower^ and long fpines. 



The firll fort grows naturally in the hedges in many 

 parts of England ; it rifes with a ftrong woody ftalk 

 to the height of twelve or fourteen feet, fending out 

 many irregular branches i the young Iboots have a 



grayifh, brown bark, but the older branches 



i X 



— ■ 



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* ■ ■■■: 



* remain for a produce of new feeds, 



^;- whole Itand for feed ; 'becaufe the plants which are 



- permitted to flahd fo long will "be rriucTi lefs worth 



?,for ufe, than the value of the feeds; befidcs, by 



r " drawmgotrthe crop early, the ground may be Town 



, *r with "^heat the fame feafon ; for the plants may be 



drawn up the latter end of June, w\^en they will be 



in the greatefl vigour, fo will afford' a" greater quantity 

 ^ of the dye. " - ' - - ■ • . - 



When the plants are pulled, they may be fet up in 



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V 



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fmall handfuls to dry in the field, and when it is dry 

 ^- enough, it niay be tied up in bundles and houfed dry, 

 ; being careful to flack it loofely, that the air may pafs I berries ripen in autumn. 



Rave^a "darker anH' rougher bark, arid are armed with 

 - a few fhort thoWTsr; The leaves Hand upon pretty 

 ''-'■ long flender foot-ftalks; they are of the oval fpear- 



fhape, aboyt two inches and a half long, and one 



V and a quarter broad, fliehtly fawed on their edges, of 



-a dark green on their upper Iide, but of a pale or 



light green on' their under, having a 'pretty fl:rong 



:• f midrib,' arid feveral veins proceeding from it, which 



vrdiverge toward the fides, but meet again rxar the 



'point of the leaf." The flowers come out in cluders 



■ frorn the fide of the branches j thofeof the male have 



as many flamina as there are divifions in the petal ; 



thofe of the female have a roundiih germen, which 



afterward turns to a pulpy berry of a roundifh form, 

 ^ inclofing four hard feeds. 





.• 



It flowers in June, and the 





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iH between to prevent its fermenting. 



?^TIiat which js left for feeds fhould be pulled as foon 



xr:as the feeds are ripe and fet up to dry, and then' beat 



.rV<out for u1e f for if the plants are left too long, the 

 r:.^k^;i. ;;,:n r,A..„-^.. n^^^ ^^^1 p^^^ 5f theleed is len 



-'*^^^^ .'-"/-, -iiv*^ '" 



See Rheum. kG-^)?J ■.'' : 



^eds will fcatter. 



i -Ihillings a bufhek 



RHABARBARUM. 



c. 



R|l A BARB ARUM- 



,'"See RuMEX.sJ- - '■■'■ 

 RHAGADIOLUS. 



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MONACHORUM. 



See Lapsana. * »;. t, "^ 

 RHAMNOIDE S. j^ See HippoKHAE.-^i^ i^i> : 

 R H A M N U S- Toiirri. Irift. R. H.-'sg^. tab;" 366. 

 f'Xiri. Gen. Plant: '235. tKe Buckthorn; in French, 





*^ ' >*-A 







1, »» 



4 " 



I 



t^y 



-^i»£The Characters are^'^ 



^; It hath male_and female flowefs^M' different plants \ 

 . :i. thefe have no empalements according to fiome^ "nor petals 

 ^^k' according to others.: fhe coyer of the flexes is funnel- 

 Jhapedy and cut into four parts at the top^ which fpread 

 :.open. The male flowers have five flamina the length 

 vf the tube, terminated by fmall fiummitsi^ The female 

 fiowers have a roundifh germen^ fupporting a fhort ftyle, 

 crowned by^q quadriftd fiigma.'-The germen afterward 

 becomes a roundifiberry^ inclofitng four hard feeds. .- 

 This genus^of plants is ranged in the firfl feftion 



of Linnaeus's fifth clafs, which contains thofe plants 



The berries of this are ufed in medicine; for withthetn 

 there is a purging fyrup made, called Syrupus e fpina 

 kervina, or fyrup of Buckthorn •, which is reckoned 

 :d good medicine to purge watery humours, and 

 againfl the dropfy, jaundice, itch, and all manner 

 ;f of eruptions on the fkin: of late years, the people 

 '^) who fupply the market with thefe berfiel, have mix- 

 v^'ed fevWaT other ftrts^ with them, fo that when the 

 ^Pfyrup is made by perfons who have not fkill to diftin- 

 'guiih tjie berries, it is often very bad j fo that two 

 ^'ounces of the fyrup ofone (hop will not purge fo well 

 as one from another, which has brought this*medi- 

 ' ^xinelnto difrepute with many perfons. Thefe ber- 

 ^^ries may be eafily known by examining their feeds, to 

 fee if there are four in each, and alfo by rubbing the 

 juice upon white paper, which it will ftain of a green 



colour. 



From the juice of thefe berries is made a very fine 

 green colour, called by the French Verd-dc-vcfTie, 

 which is much efleemcd Ky the painters in miniature. 

 The fecond fort grows naturally in the fouth of 





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France ; this is an humble fhrub, feldom rifingmore 

 than three feet high, fending out many irregular 

 branches, covered with a dark brown bark, gamifhed 



are 



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^'«vith oval leaves ending in ^ acute points j they 



and half an inch 



about three quarters of an inchjong: 



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broad 



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