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II. ilnvs {Jfricamm) foYns tcrmtis, foliolis ovatis ner 

 vofis, marginibus fepius dentatis, utrinque viridi- 

 bus. Sumach zvith trifoliate leaves having cval veined 

 lobes which are generally indented on their edges ^ and green 

 on both fides, Rhus Africanum, trifoliatiim majus 

 glabrum, fplendente utrinque folio fubrocundo me- 

 dio quandoque crenato. Boerh. Ind. alt. 2. p. 229. 

 Greater^ African^ three-leaved Sumach^ with fmooth 

 roundifh leaves on hothfideSy which are fometlmes crenated 



i 



in the middle. 



X 



2. Rhus {Argenteum) foliis ternatis, foliolis petiolatis 



lineari-lanceolatis integerrimis fubtus 



tomeiitofis. 

 Hort. Cliff. III. Sumach with trifoliate leaves, whofe 

 Icbes flanduponfoot'ftalks, are linear^ fpear-fhaped, en- 

 tire, and downy on their under fide, Rhus Africanum 

 trifoliatum majus, foliis fubtus argenteis acutis & 

 margine incifis. Pluk. Phyt. tab. 2 19. fig. 6. Greater 

 Jfrican three-leaved Sumach^ with leaves which are fiU 

 very on their under fide, and cut on their edges. 



13. Rhus {Raddijawel) foliis ternatis, foliolis ovatis 

 acuminatis integerrimis, petiolatis, floribus panicula- 

 tis terminalibus. Three-leaved Sumach^ with oval acute- 

 pointed lobes which are entire, upon foot-flalks growing 

 in panicles which terminate the branches. Phafeolus 

 arborefcens Zeylanicus monocarpos, Radselijawel. 

 Herm. Muf. Zeyl. ^^, "tree Kidney-bean of C^lon with 

 a fingle fruit, called Rad^lijaweL 



14. Rhus {Rigidum) foliis ternatis linearibus integris ri- 

 gidis glabris. Sumach with three linear, entire, rigid. 



fmooth 



I 



obovatis 



fingle, obverfe 



Cotinus Coriaria. Dod. Pemp. 780. Venice Sumach, or 

 ' Coccygria, 



The firft fort of Sumach grows naturally in Italy, 

 . Spain, and Turkey -, the branches of this tree are 

 ufed inftead of Oak bark for tanning of leather, and 

 I have been informed that the Turkey leather is all 

 tanned with this fhrub. ^It hath a ftrpng lignepus 

 jlalk which divides into many Irregular branches, 



' which rife to tlie Tieight of eight or ten feet 5 the 

 baric IS hairy, iand of an herbaceous brown colour 

 'Vbile young ; the leaves are winged, and compofed of 



^I'fevcn or eight pair of Ipb^^^ by an odd one ; 



'^ the Ipbes are about two inches long, and half an jnch 



wide in the middle •, they are bluntly fawed on their 



; edgeS;, and hairy on their under fide, of a'yellowifh 



green colour*, they are placed atterhately on tHe 



y branches j the flowers grow in loofe panicles at the 

 end of the branches, which are of a whitifti herbaceous 

 colour, each panicle being compofed of feveral clofe 

 fpikes of flowers fitting clofe to the foot-ftalks \ thefe 

 appear in July, but are not fucceeded by feeds in 

 England, The leaves and feeds of this fort are ufed 

 -In medicine, and are efteemed very reftringent and 



^'--" ■ ^ •- ^* ^ --^'^ -. ir» t«l*l i^*^ 11 



ood 



hage 



refill putrefaction, and flop gangrenes and mortifi- 



cations. 



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The fecond fort grows naturally in almoft every part 



rt 



woody 



V 



^generally crooked and deformed. The young brandies 

 ■y arc covered with a foft v;elvet like down, refernbling 

 \ greatly that of a young fliagVhorn both in colour and 

 I texture; from wl;ience the common people have given 

 -rvit.the appeilation of Stag's-horn^ the leaves are wing- 

 V*^c(i, compofed of fix or feven pair of pblpng lobes, 

 * " terminated by an odd one, ending in acute points; 

 -'^' they are entire, and hafry on^ tKeir under fide, as is 



J alfo the midrib. The flowers are produced in clofe 



,^ tufts at tKe end of the branches, 'which arc fucceed- 



"■ dd by feeds inclofed in purple, woolly, fucculent co- 



;;vers, fo that the bunches are of a beautiful purple 



colour in autumn, and the leaves before they fall, 



change alfo to a purplifh colour firft, and before they 



fall, to a feuillemorc. This is ufed for tanning of 



lieather in America, and the roots are often prefcribed 



in medicine in the countries where the plant grows 



naturally. ' ..-^ x:^ .; 



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The third fort grows naturally in many parts of Nurt^i 

 America ; this is commonly titled by the gardeners 

 Nev/ England Sumach. The rtem of this fore is 

 fl:ronger, and rifcs higher than that of the former -, 

 the branches fpread more horizontally ; they are not 

 quite fo downy as thofe of the laft, and the down is 

 of a brownifh colour ; the leaves are compofed of 

 many more pair of lobes, which are fmooth on both 

 fides ; the flowers are difpofcd in loufe panicles, which 

 are of an herbaceous colour; they appear about the 

 fame time with thofe of the former, -but are not fuc- 

 ceeded by feeds in England. 



The fourth fort grows naturally in Carolina • the feeds 

 of this were brought from thence by the late Mr. 

 Catefby, who has given a figure of the plant in his 

 Natural Hiftory of Carolina. This is by the gardeners 

 called the fcarlet Carolina Sumach ; it rifes common- 

 ly to the height of itwtn or eight feet, and divides 

 into many irregular branches, which are fmooth, of 

 a purple colour, and pounced over with a grayifh 

 powder, as are alfo the foot-fl:alks of the leaves, which 

 are of a purplifli colour. The leaves are compofed 

 of kvtn or eight pair of lobes terminated by an odd 

 one ; thefe are not always placed exaftly oppo- 

 fite on the midrib, but are fometimes alternate i they 

 are three or four inches long, and almoft one broad 

 in the middle, ending in acute points, and are faw^d 

 on their edges. The upper fide of the lobes are of 

 a dark green, and their under hoary, but fmooth. 

 The flowers are produced at the end of the branches 

 in very clofe thick panicles which are large, and of a 

 bright red colour j they appear in July and Augufl:, 

 ■ and continue till autumn, but the feeds do not ripen 



m England. 



Maryland 



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T.- 



- *■ ^ 



and feveral other parts of North America ; this hath 



fmQOth branches, of a purple colour, covered with a 



-gray ppunce. The leaves are compofed of feven or 



;- eight pair of lobes terminated by an odd one ; the lobes 

 ire fpear-fha!ped, fbur- inches and a half long, and 

 one broad in the middle, terminating In acute points, 

 .and are a little fawed on their edges j they are of a 

 lucid green on their upper furface, but hoary on their 

 .imder, arid are fmooth. sThe flowers are produced 

 at the eiid of the branches in large panicles, which 

 ■ are compofed of feveral fmaller, each ftanding upon 

 feparate foot-fl:aIks ; they are of a deep red colour, 

 and the whole panicle is covered with a gray pounce, 

 as if it had been fcattered over them. This fort flow- 

 ers at the fame time with the foursth, but does not 

 ripen feeds here. : ^ 



The fixth fort grows naturally in moft parts of North 

 America, where it is known by the title of Beech 

 Sumach, probably from the places where it grows. 

 This is of humbler growth than either of the former, 

 feldom rifing more than four or five feet high, divid- 

 ing into many fpreading branches which are fmooth, 



•^,of a Jight brown colour, and arc pretty clofely gar- 



\ niflied with winged leaves ; they are compofed of four 

 or five pair of narrow lobes terminated by an odd one ; 



:, they are entire, about two inches long, and half an 



inch broad, ending in acute points 5 they are of a light 



-green on both fides, and in autumn change purplifh, 



/ The midrib which fuflains the lobes, has on each fide 



;A winged or leafy border, " which furis from one pair 



': of lobes to another, ending in joints at each pair, by 



. which it is eafily difl:inguiflhed from the other forts. 



The flowers arc produced in loofe panicles at the end 



of the branches ; they are of a yellowifh herbaceous 



colour, and appear in July, but the feeds do not ripen 



in England. . ,. 



Thefe fix Torts are hardy plants, and will thrive in 

 the open air in England. The firft and fourth forts 

 are not quite fo hardy as the others, fo muft have a 

 better fituation, otherwife their branches will be in- 

 jured by fevcre froft in the winter; they are eafily 

 propagated by feeds, when obtained from the coun- 

 tries where they grow, which, if fown in autumn, 

 , the plants will come up the following fpring ; but if 

 they are fown in the fpring, they feldom come up till 



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