-^. 



t 



L . 



hV 



t 



Y 



ihe plants being more ftinted and ftrorig, ivA tlieir 

 roots being drier. •" \'' 



The flowers of the narrow-leaved garden fort are ufed 

 in medicine, as are alfo the leaves and feeds. ' - - 



' ri ' 



ROYENA. Lin. Gen. Plant. 491. 



The title of this genus was given to it by Dr. Lin- 



ur of Dr. Adrian Van Royen, 'late pro- 



nasus, in honour 



felTor of botany at Leyden in Holland. -, 

 The Characters are. 



r;:i p... 



If 



•w 



- ■ 



^he fiGwer has a bellied permanent empakment of one Uaf^ 

 whofe mouth is ohtufe and five-pointed. It is of one pe- 

 tal-^ having a tube the length of the empalementy but the 

 brim is divided into five fegments which turn back, ' It 

 "hath ten fhort fi;amina gro'wing to th'e petals termtnated by 

 oblongs erect-, twin fummits the length cf the tube^ and 

 an oval hairy germen fitting upon two fiyles a little longer 

 than the flaniina^ crowned by fjigle ft igmas. Theempale- 

 ment afterward turns to an oval capfule wilh four fur- 

 rows^ having one cell with four^ valves ^ containing four 

 oblong triangular feeds. ^--■' '-'/.'';■ ' / -- ;- 



This genus of plants is ranged in the fecond fedion 

 of Linnasus's tenth clafs, which includes thofe plants 

 whofe flowers have ten ftamina and two fl:yles; 

 The Species are, '■ - .- 



I.' RoYENA (Lucida) foliis ovatis fcabriufculis. Hort. 



Cliff. 149. Royena with oval rough leaves. ' Staphylo- 



dendrum Africanum, folio fingulari lucido. Herm. 



Parad. 232. African Bladder-nut with a f.ngle finning leaf, 

 2. Royena {Glabra^ foliis lanceolatis glabris. Prod. 



Leyd. /^\\. Royena with fmooth fpear-ffjaped leaves. 



Vitis Idaea ^thiopica^ buxT'minoris folio, floribus 



■ albis. Hort. Amft:. i.p. 125. Ethiopian IVhoftleberry^ 



■ with a fmaller Box leaf and white fiowers, >'•'.'' ' 

 Royena (Hirfuta) foliis lanceolatis hirfutis. Prod. 



Leyd* 441^ Rc^ena with hairy fpear-fhaped leaves i'Siz- 

 phylodendrup Africanuir}, folio lanuginofo rofniarini 

 latiori. Bocrh. Ind. alt. 2. p. 235. African Bladder- 



2 



*-^ 



*-.* 



^ I 



^35 

 nut^ with a broader, downy ^ Rofemary leaf 



The firft: fort has been long an inhabitant of fome cu- 

 rious gardens in England, but it is not very common 

 here, being very difficult to propagate. ■ * . • 

 This plant grows eight or ten feet high, and puts out 

 its branches on every fide, fo may be trained up to a 

 regular head : the branches are cloathed with oval 

 Ihinlng leaves,' which are placed alternately, and con- 

 tinue all the year, fo make an agreeable variety among 

 other exotid plants in the green-houfe, during the 

 winter feafon.*- The flowers are produci^d from the 

 wings of the leaves along thfe branches, but as they 

 have little beauty, few perfons regard them. I have 

 not obfcrved any fruit produced by thefe plants in 

 England. ■-:-.; -c^,f ^^^ :-,^— -- :. - . ^ 



The fecond fort grows naturally at the Cape of Good ^ 

 Hope ; this rifes with a Ihrubby ftalk five of fix feet 

 high, fending out many uender.^ branches, covered 

 with a'purplifli bark,' and garnifhed with fmall oval 

 leaves lefs than thofe of the Box^tree -, they are fmooth, 

 entire, and of a lucid green, continuing all the year. 

 The flowers'conie o*ut from the winffs of the leaves 



. ■ 



round the branches, they are fhaped like a pitcher, 

 and are white ; thefe are fucceeded by roundifli pur- 

 ple fruit, which ripen in the winter. 

 The third fort grows naturally at the Cape of Good 

 Hope ; this rifes with a ftrong woody flalk feven or 

 eight feet high, covered with a gray bark, fending 

 out many fmall branches alternately, which are gar- 

 nifhed with fpear-lhaped leaves about an inch long, 

 and a quarter broad in the middle ; they are hoary, 

 and are covered with foft hairs. The flowers come 

 out upon fliort foot-ftalks from the fide of the 

 branches; they are of a worn-out purple colour and 

 fmall. .They appear in July, but are riot lucceeded 

 by feeds m England. ' - - *v;i. -';. .-•;: -r,^ 



Thefe plants are too tender to live through the win- 

 ter in the open air in England, therefore they mufl 

 be removed into the green-houfe in autumn, and 

 treated in the fame way as Orange-trees, with which 

 culture the plants will thrive. The firfl and third 

 forts are difficult to propagate here, for the branches 

 which are laid down feldom put out roots, and thofe 



s 



U B 



which do, are two or three years before they wilf 

 have made roots fufficient to tranfplant, and their 

 cuttings very rarely fucceed j and thefe being the 

 only methods by which they can be increafod in thofe 

 countries, where they do not produce f^eds, areufu- 

 ally pradtifed. The beft time to plant the cuttings, 

 is early in the fpring ; thefe fhould be planted in 

 fmall pots filled with foft loamy earth, and plunged 

 ifito ayery moderate hot- bed. The pots fhould be 

 clofely covered down with hand-glafles to exclude 

 the external air, and the cuttings refrcfhed with a 

 little water every eighth or tenth day, according a 

 the earth becomes dry, for much moifture will kill 

 them." If the cuttings fhoot, they mufl be gradually 

 inured to bear the open air, and when they are well 

 rooted, they fliould be each planted in a feparate fmall 



, pot, and afterward treated as the old plants. 

 If the plants put out any young fhoors from the bot- 

 . tom, they (hould be carefully laid down in the ground 

 while young, becaufe when the fhoots are tender they 

 are more apt to put out roots, than after they are be- 

 come woody and hard ; thefe branches ihould be fiic 

 , in the fame manner as is praiftifcd in laying of Carna- 



'^tioris7 they muft be frequently, but gently watered, 

 'during the warm weather in fummer, but in cold wea- 



/ ther it muft be fparingly given them •, when thefe are 

 rooted, they may be taken off, and treated in the fame 

 .way as the cuttings. .,. - 



" "The fecond fort is very apt to fend up fuckers from 

 the roots, which may be taken off with the roots, and 

 ' thereby increafed; or thofe which do not put out roots, 

 .may be laid down in the fame'manner as the former -, 

 .and the cuttings of this more frequently fucceed than 

 .thofe of the othei', fo that this fort is much eaficr 



f f\ 





-propagated.^ . .^ . 



RUB EOLA." See AspERULA, Gallium, and She- 



RUB I A. Toufhl Inft. R. k 



■( - 



Lin. 



113. tab. 38, 

 Gen. Plant. 1 19. [takes its name from its red colour, 

 becaufe the root of this plant is ufed in dyeing a red 

 . colour.] Madder ; in French, Garance. . ] 



The Characters are, 



7'he empalement of the flower is finally cut into four 



fegments, and fits upon the germen. ^he flower has one 



bell-fhaped petal having no tuhe^ but is divided into four 



parts. It hath four awl-fhapcd ftamina which arefiocrt- 



er than the petals^ terwi7tated by fingle fummits ; and a 



iwingernien under the flower, fupporting a fiender ftyle 



' ; divided into two^ parts upward, aiid crowned by tuio, head- 



*' ed ftigmas. " ' ^he germen afterward become two fmooth 



■ferries joined io^etber^ each having one'roundijh feed with 



< This genus of plants is ranged in the firfl fedtion 

 'rLinriasus's fourth clafs, which contains thofe pla 



■ 



"whofe flowers have Four flamiha arid one flyle. 



of 



plants 



The Species are. 



- 1 



. - 



fuperne 

 with the 



i.'RuBiA {Tin£Iorum) foliis fenis lanceolatis fuperne gla- 



-" bris. Madder with fix fpear-Jhaped leaves in whorls, 



whofe upper furf aces are fmooth,' Ruhid. nn^oviiin fati- 



va. C. B. P. 333. Cultivated Dyer's Madder. 



2. RuBiA {Sylvejtris) foliis inferioribus fenls, 



- "quaternis binifve, utrinque afperis. Madder 

 lower leaves growing by fixes round the ftalks, and th^ 



^- upper ones by fours or pairs, which are rough on both 

 fides,' Rubia fylvefl-ris afpera, quas fylveltris Dlofco- 



- ridis. C. B. P. 333." i?^«^^ w/ZJMx^/^^r (5/Z);<?/f£?nVfj. 



3. RuBiA^ {Peregrina) foliis quaternis. Prod. Leyd, 254. 

 ■' Madder with four leaves which are placed round the 



''^ ftalksi ' Rubia quadrifolia afperrima lucida peregrina. 



^\ H. L. 523. Foreign four-leaved Madder, <vi'th fibining 



• rough leaves, - 



The firft fort which is cultivated for the root, which 



is ufed in dyeing andftaining of linens, grows hatu- 



' rally in the Levant. This hath a perennial root and 



an annual ftalk •, the root iscompofed of many long, 



thick, fucculent fibres, almoft as large asaman'slic- 



' tie finger; thefe are joined at the top in a head, like 



the roots of Afparagus, and root very deep into the 



ground; I have taken up roots, whofe ftrong fibre 



5 



■■A 



have been more than three feet long'; from the upper 



part 



\ 



