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the fint, 5t cofb two guilders and a half, or three . each may lae dried in their turns, and prepared or 



guilders in ftrong land each gcmec, and over and 

 above tliis, one guilder and a half to level the tops of 

 the beds, and make them fmooth ; but it is better 

 performed with the fpade, only it is more chargeable, 

 for that cofts from eight to ten guilders each gemet, 

 but at the fame time the clods are broken, and the 

 furface of the beds is made fmooth and even. 

 The fecondyear in the beginning of April, which is 

 about the time the kiemen or young fhoots are be- 

 ginning to come out, the earth on the top of the beds 

 Jhould be fcuffled over and raked, to deftroy the 

 young weeds, and make the furface fmooth and mel- 

 low, that the kiemen may Ihoot out the eafier above 

 ground ; this labour cofts three fhiUings each gemet. 

 The fecond fummer there muft be the fame care taken 

 to keep the Madder clean as in the firft, and then 

 nothing is planted in the furrows, or fufFered to grow 

 there ; at the laft time of cleaning the ground, in 

 September or Oftober, the green haulm is again 

 fpread down upon the beds j and in November the 

 Madder is again covered with earth, in the fame man- 

 ner as the firtl year. - 



By this method of culture, one can fee how neceflary 

 it is to plant the Madder in beds, for thereby it is 

 much eafier covered with the earth of the furrows ; 

 and hereby the earth of the beds is every time height- 

 ened,- whereby the Madder roots will be greatly 

 lengthened, and the kiemen or young flioots will have 

 longer necks, and by being thus deeply earthed, will 

 put out more fibres and have much better roots, with- 

 out which they will not grow 5 and it is of equal ufe 

 to the mother plants, for by this method the roots 



and in this confills the goodnefs and 

 beauty of the Madder, for thofe which have but few 

 main roots, are not fo much efteemed as thofe which 

 are well furnifhed with fide ' roots called tengels , 

 Madder plant that has many of. thefe roots, is called 

 jsi well bearded Madder plant ; therefore one muft 

 never cut off thefe fide roots, For by fo doing there 

 will be a leis crop of Madder^ and but few kiemen or 

 young fiioocs can be produced ; befides, by the lofs 

 of moifture, fometimes the plants will droop and be- 

 come weak ; and there is great profit in having a large 

 quantity of kiemen to draw in the fpring, which are 

 in plenty the fecond and third years. 

 The Madder roots are feldom dug up the fecond year, 

 but generally after it has grown three fummers, there- 

 fore the culture of the third year is the fame as in the 



■will be longer 



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fecond, during the fpring and fummer." 

 (Before the firft day of September, it is forbidden to 

 dig up any Madder in this ifland ; but on that day 

 early in the morning, a beginning is made, and the 

 perfon who carries the firft cart load to the ftove, has 

 -a premium of a golden rider, or three ducats. ^ ■;> ■ 

 The digging up the Madder of a gemet of land, cofts 

 from thirty-fix to oneTiundre^ guilders, according to 

 the goodnefs of the crop, and the lightnefs or ftifF- 

 nefs of the ground, but in light land it cofts from 

 Tine to ten pounds Flemifti •, the perfons \^o are adroit 

 in this bufinefs, are generally paid five Ihillings Fle- 

 mifti per day. 



The Madder produces fliowers in the middle of fum- 

 mer, and fometimes a few feeds, but they never ripen 

 •here j nor would they be of ufe to cultivate the plants, 

 fince it is fo eafily done by the kiemen.- ' - 

 Some years paft they began to plant here the great 

 T^ild Madder, which was called French Madder, but 

 this was not efteemed fo good for ufe as the tame 

 Madder, from which it differs much, fo that was 

 not continued. The more bitter of tafte the roots 

 of the Madder arc, when taken out of the ground 

 before it is brought to the ftove, the lefs it will loofe 

 of its weight in drying, and is -the better afterward 

 for ufe. ■'■■•- .- :■ ■ / 



When the Madder is dug out of the ground, it is 

 carried to the ftove, and there laid in Iieaps -, in that 

 which is called the cold ftove, and feparated with 

 hurdles made of wicker, and memorandums kept of 

 each parcel, and to what countryman it belongs, that 



manufactured, for which turn generally lots are caft 



beforehand. The Madder thus carried to the ftove 

 is relzyn. 



This relzyn is carried about fix o'clock in the morn- 

 ing, into the tower or fteeple, hoifted in bafkets by 

 ropes to the rooms, and divided or fpread, where it 

 remains till the next day, two or three o'clock in the 

 morning, about twenty or twcnty^Dne hours ; then 

 thofe roots which have lain in the hotteft places are 

 removed to cooler, and thofe in the cooler are re- 

 moved to the hotter places nearer the oven. This is 

 continued for four or five days, according as there 

 has been more or lefs carried there ; but it is always 

 the goods of one perfon, that every one may have 

 his own, and of as equal quality as poffible, when it 

 is delivered out. 



When the Madder is fufficiently dried in the tower, 

 then it is threfiied on the thrcftiing-fiocr, which is 

 made clean from dirt or filth, and then it is brought 

 to the kiln, and there fpread on a hair-cloth for 

 about twenty hours, during which time the kiln is 

 made more or lefs hot, according as the roots are 

 more or lefs thick, or the weather being more or lefs 

 cold. 



From the kiln theMadder is moved to thepounding- 

 houfe, and is there pounded on an oaken block made 

 hollow, with fix ftampers plated at the bottom with 

 iron bands ; thefe ftampers are kept in motion by a 

 mill very much refembling a grift mill, which is turn- 

 ed by three horfes ; the prefcnce of the pounding- 

 mafter is here always required, to ftir the Madder 

 continually with a fliovel, to bring it under the ftamp- 

 ers. When the Madder is thus properly pounded, it 

 is fifted over a tub till there is enough co fill a cafk : 

 this firft pounding, which chiefly confifts of the thin- 

 neft and fmalleft roots, and the butfide huflcs with 

 fome earth, which by drying and threfliing could not 

 be feparated, is called mor mull. ... 



What remains in the fieve is put on the block again, 

 and pounded a fecond time, and when the pounding- 

 mafter gueffes a third part is pounded, then the Mad- 

 der is taken out again and fifted over another tub, and 

 put into afeparatecaftc, and this is called gor gemeens; 

 thatwhich remains in this fecond operation, not enough 

 pounded in the fieve, is for the third time put on the 

 block, and pounded till it is all reduced to powder, 

 which is called kor kraps. 



When the Madder is cleanfed from the dirt and mull, 

 and is entirely pounded at once, then it is called oor 

 onberoofdei fo that this onberoofde aftually confifts 

 of the gemeens and kraps pounded together, and fift- 

 ed without feparating them from each other. 

 When there is two thirds of kraps, and one third ge- 

 meens, which was feparately prepared or manufa£tur- 

 ed, then they are called two and one, or marked 4-. 

 The.fweepings of the ftove, as alfo of the ground and 

 beams being fwept together is not loft, but is put 

 amongft the mull, or fold by itfelf ' ., .. ,*> 

 The fweepings of the mill, and every part of the 

 pounding-place, is alfo gathered together, and put . 

 mto a cafk j this is called den beer. 

 When the Madder is thus prepared and put into cafks, 

 it; is in Zealand examined by fworn affayers and tried, 

 if it is not faulty packed up ; that is, whether in the 

 preparing k is properly manufaftured, or falfely 

 packed up, and to fee if every part of the cafk is filled 

 with Madder of equal goodnefs and quality, not burn- 

 ed in the drying, or mixed with dirt ; which the af- 

 fayers by certain trials, and by weighing and waftiing 

 of the Madder can know, if it is according to the fta- 



tutes of the country. 



There are fundry ftatutes made and publifhed by the 

 ftates of Zealand, concerning the preparing of Mad- 

 der ; as one of the 28th of July 1662, one on the 

 29th of September, and 31ft of Odlober 1671, ano- 

 ther on the 23d of September 1699, and the laft on 

 the 28th of April 1735: by which ftatutes, among 

 other things, it is ftridlly forbidden. That no perfon 

 'fhall prepare kraps, in which there ftiall be more than 



11 O two 



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