R U 



two pounds of dirt in a hundred weight; nor above I 

 eight pounds in the like weight of onberoofdc, or in 



than twelve pounds in a hundred 



gemeens more 

 weight. 



If the Madder upon trial is found good, the arms of 



the city or village, and the fign of the ftove where 

 the Madder w^as prepared, is painted on the cafk with 

 black paint. The trial of the Madder is in no place 

 more cxaft, oimore religioufly obferved, than in the 

 city of Zirkzce -, therefore the merchants in Germany, 

 who know this, always prefer the Madder of that 

 place to all others, and v/ill not buy any which has 

 not the arms of Zirkzee painted upon the cafKs, if 



they are to be had. 



We before mentioned th 





tov/er, the kiln, &c. where 



k^ 



t 



r. 



V~ 



the Madder is dried and prepared for ufe, the draughts 

 of thefe are exhibited in the annexed plates, with 

 their explanation : but that a better judgment may 

 be formed of their ufe, we Ihall here take notice, that 

 the tower is the place where the Madder is firft dried. 

 This tower is heated by fifteen or fixteen pipes or flues 

 of brick -work, which run on each fide the tower un- 

 der the floor, and are covered v/ith low burnt tiles, 

 fome of which are loofe ; fo that by taking up thefe, 

 the heat is moderated and condu6ted to any part of 

 the tower, the perfon who has the care of drying the 

 Madder pleafes. 



The tower has four or five lofts made of ftrong laths-, 

 they are four or five feet above each other, upon 

 which the Madder is laid ; thefe are heated by an oven, 

 -which is placed in the room where the work people 

 live, and is by them called the glory. 

 The kiln is in a room v/hofe length is equal to the 

 breadth of the fl:ove, and is entirely arched over at 

 the top ; the oven by which the kiln is heated, is call- 

 ed the hog; this is built upon a fl:one wall, which 



\ and the fmall arch" 



by which the heat palTes through every part, has fe- 



veral fquare little holes in the brick-work, that the 



heat may come out ; over thefe holes," on the top of 



the kiln, are l^id wooden laths the whole length, and 



upon them a hair-cloth, on which the Madder is laid 



to dry. Before it is carried to the pounding-place: In 



the Madder-ftoyes there is" ho other fuel ufed but 



Friezland turf, which gives, an, equal and moderate 

 heat. ' . - ■ rv-- ^-. ._ 



rifts a foot or two above ground 



*^ 



•-■ 



-» ' r 



* 



H - ' 





*-' 4 



■'n' 



*■ 



.- f- 



-"■ i. 



Jn the Madder-ftoves, the people work more by night 

 tTiari day •, firll, becaufe at the time of the year when 

 the Madder is brolight into the fl:oves, the nights are 

 rnu'ch colder than the days ; and fecondly, that the 

 mailer, who muft be, always attentive to his work, may 

 not be interrupted by vifitors ; and thirdly, becaufe 

 they fee lefs duft: •, but principally, becaufe the Mad- 

 der which is pounded in the night is of a much better 

 colour than that which is pounded in the day. ; :. „ 



■'■ In the Madder-IVoves are always conftant workmen, 

 <wie who is the^drier, who has the care of drying the 



> Madder in the l;ower and the kiln ; for the right per-' 



formance of this, art and experience is r:equired, the' 



. :goodnefs of the Madder greatly depending on the 



right drying. ' This perfon is a fort of foreman, and 



. has the direftion of ailtfie workmen ; his pay is five 



]'- ilivers, for every hundred weight of Madder which is 



I prepared in the ftove ; he has one perfon under him 



>: ^" for his afllftant, to perform part of the laborious work, 



:_%^^,"andto be always at hand;, this man is paid "eighteen 



i or^Jiineteen. {hillings per ,weekTlemiIli, which is the 



» - 



irt: conftant wages. ■ 



'< 



- »- 



I** 



* ^ 



* I 



^<M^; ^ 



T-^ 





» — l- 



- •-■ 



_ I 



^ ' 



~i_r~ - ^ \. ^ - - -- ^ - 



;>^;' The third perfon is the pounder, who is always pre- 

 -riffent when the Madder is pounding, who with a par- 

 .ii' ticular ftidvel which is fmall, and fitted to the cavity 

 : V-of the pounding-block, ftirs the Madder from time to 

 time, to bring it under the ftampers; he is paid four 

 ftivers for every hundred weight of Madder. ; /■ 

 ^-The fourth is a driver, v/ho with a team of three 

 horfes, caufes the mill to turn and pound the Mad- 

 ^der; his pay for himfelf and the three horfes, from 



4 



.*^ 



-** 





ht to nine ftivers per hundred weight, according as 

 he can bargain. .;-v . ' . ;.-. ; /■ -;.,.:: ^ 



Befidcs tbele.fouf,^ there are five other afilftants, who 



.' 



^. 



J* 



^* 



.h. 





^v*. 



» t 



ft:. ,->- 



. -Ix 



■X 



K ^j 



-■-- -* 



■>- ^-1^ 



■• I 



— ■ 



■ 



- ' 



-~^1^- 



■"^ 



4. , 



." 



^-^ 



^. 



lay the Madder on and take it ofi'-, this Is often per- 

 formed by the wives and boys of the other workmen • 

 thefe five have fifty ftivers for every three thoufind 

 pounds of Madder which is prepared, fo iin^y have 

 each ten ftivers. 



There are nineteen or twenty Madder-ftoves in the 

 ifland of Schowen, which, at an average, prepare in 

 one crop, that lafts from September to February, ten 

 thoufand weight of Madder each, which in the whole 

 amounts to two million pounds weight ; and if wc 

 fuppofe, that the Madder is fold at an average for four 

 pounds Flemifii per hundred v.'eight, which is a mo- 

 derate price, one may foon reckon v^hat advantage 

 the culture of this dyeing commodity produces "t^ 

 this one ifland. 



The countrymen pay to the owners of the Madder- 

 ftoves, two guilders for preparing every hundred 

 weight of mull, and for each hundred weight of hard 

 Madder-, that is, ofkraps, gemeens, or onbergofde, 

 three guilders, according as they will have them pre- 

 pared. 



_ of a Madder-ftove quite new from the 

 foundation, cofts in the Vv'hole about twenty-four 

 hundred pounds Flemifli, which is twelve hundred 

 po 





unds fterling. 



PLATE I. 



+ 



An explanation of the plan of the cold ftove. 



L 



i 



Fig. I. Is the lower band, whofe thicknefs is four- 

 teen by fixteen inches. 



2. The upper band, which is twelve by fourteen 

 inches. 



3 



The cap and band, which is ten by twelve 

 ' inches. 



'* 



* J. r 



f-3 1 



'-> 



5- 



* '- i 



' _■-■ 





t - 



7- 



4. The upper cap, which is fix by feven inches. 

 The two main jambs, which are thirteen by 

 ^ fifteen inches of ftone. 



u^6^ The half bands arid pofts, of nine by feven 



'^ 



r ^ 





^ > 



• --'.. 





7. The uppermoft half band, which is fmall, 

 *- : - : Iix by eight inches. '■ ;. 



**-i'^^-'^>-. ■*!- --,-'*' — , . "'^ . . ■' is— -"v :. 



' - - • " 1 



^- 



*- .\ 



4 -J -- v-< -^ 



P L A T E :IL 



; ■ A plan of the arched room cut through perpendicu- 

 '^* larly in the middle where the kiln ftands, with a 

 nn- ' reprefentation of the kiln. 



-*-. --.^ 



AA Is the cut of the arch, 



B The oven of the kiln, which is called the hog ; this 



^ has no chimney ; when the fire is firft kindled ei- 

 ther with turf or other fuel, the fmoke is let out 



. through a fmall window. 

 CCC A ftone foundation on which the oven and kiln 



is built. 



- -r- 



V 



J* 



CC Is properly the kiln itfelf, which niuft be obferved 

 t"^ .V. in what manner it is built, with little holes to 



'"•'■ 



■^ let out the heat. 



' ■■ 



DD Stone bands made for the greater firmnefs, about 



the kiln. 



r- V 



— -»".t M. 



• « 



EEEE Iron bars placed to ftrengthen the kiln, and - 

 -rr^ % \A— M:> to lay the upper long lath upon. ; * 

 ^E Small crofs laths over the kiln, which lie from one 

 ^r^vlr; end C to the other end C upon the kiln, but 



there'are few of thefe reprefented, that the fmall 





■t 



-- .^ 



- holes of the kiln may better appear 



G The door of the entrance. 



' . V 





•<•• 



I ' 



PLATE III. 



-- 



A plan of the tower where the Madder is firft laid 



■ ' 



■ 1 



- > 



-% •! 



- -^' to dry.' ', -' 



\ 



I V 



A Is the oven of the tower. 



BB The pipes whereby the heat fpreads itfelf, is here 



- f; ftiewn by the openings where the tyles are taken 



^r off, ■-' •■'■"■ ' " 

 C A fort of ftairs by which they climb. 

 DD The windlafs with it^ rope and hook, to hoift the 

 /; . <v Madder to the lofts.' .. - 



;: " ■ v.: :' : jEEEE 



' - - > 



* ' 



• - 



' ■ 



^^ 



r- "> 



% -» 



V : 





