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EEEE The four lofcs of the lath of the overt/ 

 F The chimney above the roof. 

 G I'he door by which they enter. 



41 



. ■ 



PLATE IV. 



An explanation of the plan of the feftion of the tower. 



I.I. The four bands of the tower which are 



fixteen inches fquare, 

 l^he cap band^ ten by tvvclve inches. 

 The fpringing band, fix by eight inches. 

 The interftice to the tower, fix by feven 



inches. 

 The fpaning plate, five by feven inches. 

 The lov/er and fecond girder, fix by feven 



inches. ' " . ' 



The third girder, feven by nine inches. 



Fi 



ig.i.i. 





2 





3 





4 





5- 

 6.6. 





7- 



8. 





9- 





10. 



The fourth girder, fix by eight inches. 

 The fifth girder, fix by feven inches. 

 The crown piece of the tower, five by 

 inches. v => 



fix 



The ribs in the tower muft be laid fourteen inches 

 afunder from middle to middle, corner-ways, and the 

 laths between an inch and a half diftant. 



P L A T E V. 



+ 



A plan of the pounding-houfe, in which is fhewn at 

 A, the driver, who, with his three hcrfes, ca'ufcs 



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the mill to turn, which works the ftampers: AtB 

 is llicwn tlie pounder, who, with his fiiovel, con- 

 tinually brings the Madder under the ftampers. 



J ■ 



Fig. I. Is the beam which fupports the axle-tree, 



which is fourteen by fifteen inches. .0 



2. The hollow Oaken block or trough, twenty- 



fevcn by twenty-nine inches. . 



3. The king poft, eighteen inches fquare. . 

 .4, The upper band, fix by feven inches. 



5. The crofs bands, five by feven inches. 



6. The crofs arms, fix by ten inches. 



7. The fwaarden, fix by ten inches. ; 



8. The axis, from fix to eight inches. ■ - 



9. The feller, fix by eight inches of Elm wood. 

 10. The king beam, eleven by thirteen inches 



Fir wood. 

 .11. The drawers under the mill, five by fix 

 ■ :■ ■ . inches. : • - . ■ : . ^ 



'-^'-■li. The plate for the running of the truckle, 



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three by fixteeti inches. ;'- 

 The wooden knobs to the wheel of Afh. 



1 ' 





f> ' ' * 



14. The ftaves made of Box"wood. ^ 



15. The fix ftampers, fix inches fquare, of Afh. 



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PLATE 



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VI. 



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An explanation of the fedlion ' of the pounding-houfe. 



Fig- 



"1 



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I. 



2. 



3- 



The under band, fixteen inches fquare. . 

 The upper band, twelve byTourteen inches. 

 The band of the cap poft, ten by twelve 

 1^ inches. •^" '^nv ?*,- ' 





>ii' ' -f 



4- 

 6. 



7- 



The fpringing band, fix by feven niches. 

 The fpaning plate, five by feven inches.. 

 The firft girder, fix by feven inches. ' 

 The fecond girder, nine by eleven inches. 



S. The third girder, fix by eight inches. 



9- 

 10. 



The upper moft girder, fix by feven inches. 

 The top or cap, four by five inches. , 



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The above account is the method of cultivating Mad- 

 der in Zealand, where the bcft Madder is now pro- 

 duced ; to this I fiiall add, what I have obferved of 

 the growing of Madder in other parts of Holland, as 

 alfo the experience I have had of the growth of Mad- 

 der in England, with an account of the method of 



planting it here. 



In the year 1727, I obferved a great quantity of this 

 plant cukivated in Holland, between Helvoecfiuys 

 and the Brill ; and it being the firft time I had ever 

 fecn any confidct-able parcel of it, I was tempted to 



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make feme enquiries about its culture, and take fomer 

 minutes of it down upon the fpor, which I fhall here 

 infcrt, for the ufe of fuch as may have curiofity to at- 

 tempt the culture of it. 



In autumn they plough the land, where they intcn.l 

 to plant Madder in the fpring, and lay it 'in hie!i 

 ridges, that the froft may mellow it ; in March they 

 plough it again, and at this feafon they work it very 

 deep, laying it up in ridges eiglireen inches afunder, 

 and about afootliigh ; then about the beginnino- of 

 April, when the Madder will begin to flioot out of 

 the ground, they open the earth about their old roots, 

 and take oft" all the fide-fnoots which extend them- 

 felves horizontally, juft under the furface of the 

 ground, preferving as much root to them as polfiblej 

 thefe they tranfplant immediately upon the tops of 

 the new ridges, at about a foot apart, obferving al- 

 ways to do this when there are fome Ihowers, be- 

 caufe then the plants will take root in a few days, 

 and will require no water. 



When the plants are growing, they carefully keep 

 the ground hoed, to prevent the weeds from coming 

 up between them ; for if they are fmothered by weeds, 

 efpecially when young, it will either deftroy or weaken 

 them fo much, that they ieldorn do well after. In thefe 

 ridges they let the plants remain two feafons, during 

 which time they keep the ground very clean j and at 

 .Michaelmas, when the tops of the plants are decayed, 

 they take up the roots and dry them for fale. This is 



: what I could learn of their method of cultivating this 

 plant, to which I will fubjoin a few obfervations of my 

 own, which I have fince made upon the culture of 

 Madder in England, - 



The land upon which I have found Madder thrive 

 beft, is a foft fandy loam, and if it has hcen in til- 



. lage fome years, it will be better than that which is 

 frefh broken up. ■ This fhould have at leaft a depth 

 of two feet and a half, or three Feet of good "earth, 

 and muft be quite clear from Couch, or the roots of 

 any bad weeds 5 for as the roots of Madder fliould 

 remain three years in the ground, fo where there 

 are any of thofe weeds which fpread and mul- 

 tiply at their roots, they will intermix with the Mad- 

 der roots, and in three years vvill have taken fucli pof- 

 feffion of the ground, as to greatly weaken tlie Mad- 

 der, and render it very troublefome to feparate when 

 the Madder is taken up. 



The ground ftiould be ploughed deep before winter, 



and laid in ridges to mellow; and if it is not too 



rong, there will be no necefllty for ploughing it 



Jagain, till juft before the time of planting the Mad- 

 der, when the land Ihould be plouo-hed as deep as the 



:.pearn of the plough will admit ; and there ftiould be 



.meii following the plough in the ^ furrows, which 



fhpuld^dig a full^fpit below, the furrow, and turn it 



. >up on the top ; by preparfng the ground of this 



.depth, the roots of the Madder will ftrike down, and 

 be of greater length, in which the e;oodnefs of the 

 crop'chiefly confifts. -The land bemg thus prepared 

 and made level, will be fit to receive the plants. The 

 beft time for planting of the Madder is: about the mid- 

 dle or the latter end of April, according as the fea- 

 fon is more or lefs forward, which' muft- be deter- 

 mined by the young ftioots ; for when thefe are about 

 two inches above ground, they are in the beft ftate 

 for planting. :^ ., . . ., ^- :. / 



In the taking up of thefe fiiodls for planting, 



/pad 



be feparated from the mother plants with as much 

 root as poftible ; for if the roots" are broken off", they 



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1 ground ftiould be opened witha/pade, that they may 



- • 





will not fucceed : thefe plants ftiould be drawn up no 

 fafter than they are planted ; for if they lie long above 

 ground, they will ftirink and their tops will wither, 

 and then they often mifcarry ; therefore if they are 

 brought from a diftant place, there ftiould be great 

 care taken in the packing of them up for carriage ; 

 efpecial regard ftiould be had not to paclc them fo 

 clofe, or in fo great quantity, as to caufe them to neat, 

 for that will foon fpoil them 3 but if they are a little 



withered 



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