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jo/rui3'JS [djcmayiorHs) foliis fimplicibus lobatis, cau- 

 le unifioro. Flor. Succ.^ 413. Bramble withfmgle leaves 

 havwg lohcs^ nnJ a fcalk hearing one flower, Chaina^- 

 ixioriis. Clul". liith iiS. '■The. Bwarf Mulberry^ or 



11; RuBus (Z^^/^'^W^) folii.s fimplicibus cordatis indi- 

 viils crcnatis, fcapo aphyllo unifloro. Lin. Sp. Plant. 



708. BrarnbU ivitb fjiglej:cc.rt'fljaped, undivided leaves^ 



(ind one flo-iver on each jialk, " .■ ; .■;.,'-; , 



Xhe hric fore grows naturally on the. fide of banks, 



ami in hedges, in nicft parts of England, fo Is not 



cultivated in gardens; this is fo well known as *to 



• need no defcnption. Of this there are the following 



varieties : - . 



1. Tiie common Bramble with white fruit, which was 

 found in a hedge near Oxford by Mr. Jacob Bobart.. 

 The branches of this fort are covered with a light 

 arcen bark ; the leaves are of a brighter green "than 

 the con^;mon fori, and the fruit is white, but it fel- 



' dom produces fruit in gardens. ' '.'"'-'' '• 



2. The Bramble without thorns; this is in every re- 

 fpca like the firft, but the branches and foot-ftalks 

 have no thorns. . ;.; 



■' 3. The Bramble withe legant cut leaves ; this differs 



from the firft in the leaves, being finely cut. : 



.4. The Bramble with double flowers ; this differs from 

 the liril in having very double flowers, fo is frequent- 

 ly planted in gardens for ornament, 

 \ 5. The Bramble with variegated leaves. This is by 

 fomc p: cicrved in gardens, but is very apt to become 

 plain, if planted in good ground. , .. 1>: ■:^ 



Thefe forts are eafily propaged by laying down their 

 branches, which will put out roots at every joint very 

 freely. They may be tranfplanted any time from 

 ^:September to March, and will grow in almoft any 

 ^foilor fituation. "" ■ ■ ^ '■■ '-'^ . ^^ "j 



•The fecond fort hath weaker trailing fl:alks than the 

 . firft ; the leaves are trifoliate, and the lobes are larger 

 than thofe of the other ; the fruit is fmaller, the acini 

 ' larger, and but few in each fruit, which are of a 

 " deeper black colour. This grows naturally in Eng- 

 ' land, and is known by the title of Dewberry. '■■^* 

 \ The third fort is the Rafpberry, which grows natu- 

 ; rally in the woods in the northern parts of England, 

 but is cultivated in gardens for its fruit, which fup- 

 plies the talkie 'at the feafon when they arc ripe. 

 ' There are two or three varieties of this, one with a 

 red, and the other with a white fruit, and the third 

 generally produces two crops of fruit annually ; the 

 firft ripens in July, and the fecond in Odtober, but 

 . thofe of the latter ieafon have feldoni much flavour. 

 Thefe are accident^al varieties, but the fourth fort I 

 believe to be a diftinct fpecies,' for the leaves are tri- 

 foliate, laro;er than thofe of the common fort, wool- 

 iy on their under fide, and the branches and ftalks 

 .have no thorns. This produces but few fruit, and 

 thofe are fmall, which has occafioned its being ne- 

 glefted. . ■ 'V ^ ^,'d) :a.r;. 1, 



The Rafpberry is generally propagated by fuckers, 

 . though I Ihould prefer fuch plants as are raifed by 

 ' layers, becaufe they will be better rooted, and not fo 

 liable to fend out fuckers as the other, which generally 

 produce fuch quantities of fuckers from their roots, 

 ^ as to fill the ground in a year or two ; and where they 

 ^ are not carefully taken off or thinned, will caufe the 

 fruit CO be fmall, and in lefs quantities ; cfpecially 

 ■when the plants are placed near each other, which is 

 too often the cafe, for there are feiv perfons who al- 

 low thefe plants fufficient room. ■- ^i/- "'■ -v 

 In preparing thefe plants, their fibres fhould be fhort- 

 ^^^i ; but the buds which are placed at a fmall dif- 

 ^ tancc from thefi:em of the plant, mufl notbecutoff, 

 becaufe thofe produce tlie new Ihoots the following 

 fumrner. T'hcfe plants fhould be planted about two 

 ^cet alunder in the rows, and four or five feet diflance 

 row from row ; for if they are planted too clofe, their 

 ffuitis never fo fair, nor will ripen fo kindly, as when 





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they have room for the air to paft between the ro^ii 

 J he foil in which they thrive beft, is a'frefli Itron ' 



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bam, for in warm light ground they do not produce 

 lo great plenty of fruit, for they naturallv 



row in 



cold land and in Ihade; therefore when ' they are 

 planted m a warm fituation m a light fbil, they do 

 notfucceed.- ..^w.:r.>.:, -v '4t{V. -^^ v.^^spf^J: ., ' , ■.. " 

 The feafon fordreffing them is in Oftober, at which 

 time all the old wood that produced fruit the pre- 

 ceding fummer, fliould be cut down below the fur- 

 face of the ground, and the young fhoots of the fame 



■ year muft be lliortened to about two feet in leno-th • 

 th<?n the fpaces between the rows fhould be well duo-' i 



'to encourage their roots; if you bury a very littTe ; 



; rotten dung therein, it will make them fhoot vigo- ! 



vroufly the fummer following, and their fruit will be 

 much^fairer. .During the fummer feafon they fhould 

 be Icept clean from weeds, which, with the before- 

 mentioned culture, is all the management they will ^ 

 require j biit jt is proper to make new plantations 'I 

 once in three or four years, becaufe when the plants • 

 are fuffered to remain long!, they will produce few 



. and finall fruit. .,., />' (• .. ' ■ .' 



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The Virginian flowering Rafpberry, Is commonly 

 ropagated in the nurferies as a flowering fhrub. The 

 owers of this fort are as' large as fmallRofes, and 

 there is a fucceffion of therii for two months or more," 

 fo that they make aa agreeJable variety during their 



continuance, A This fort frequently produces fruit in 

 England, which are not fo large as thofe of the com- 

 mon fort, and have little flavour, ^ Thefe ripen in 

 September or the beginning of Odtober.;;^ !; 

 The Virginian Rafpberry riles with purplilh ftalks a 

 little higher than the common fort; the leaves are of 

 a lucid green on their upper fide, but hoary on their > 

 under ; their foot-ftalks are taper ; the fruit is ftiapcd 

 like thofe of the common Blackberry, and are of a 

 deep black when ripe ; the fruit has little flavour,' fo 

 the plantsare neyer cultivated for their frilit here. It 

 ripens late" in autumn. .'^^,;:. ' .. ■ _\ ' . -. 

 The .eighth fort 'grows naturally upon rocky hills in 

 the northern counties of England, and moft of the 

 northern parts of Europe, k This hath trailing; herba- ' 

 ceous Italks, which put out roots at their joints, 

 whereby it propagates in plenty ; the leaves are trifo- l 

 liate, the lobes are large, and of a lucid green; the ; 

 fruit are fmall, fo not worth ciiltivadng. 

 The ninth fort' grows naturally in Norway, Sweden, 

 and Siberia ; this hath an upright ftalk about three 

 inches high, garniftied with fmall trifoliate leaves;' 

 the ftalk is terminated by one purple flower, which is 

 fucceeded by a fndall red fruit, having the fcent and 

 flavour of Strawberries.r.f This plant grows naturally ' 

 upon mbfTy bogs, /fo cannot "Be cultivated to any pur- ; 

 pofe on dry ground, and is pfeferyed in a few gardens') 

 for theiake of varietyr/f:; *..'-..:;v) ■ :.^ : ilv'S^"^^ 

 The tenth fort grows naturally upon fome of the high- ' 

 eft hills in the north of England and Scotland, alfo" 

 upon high boggy places in the northern parts of Eu- ," 

 rope..- This plant cannot be tranfplanted into gar- 

 dens fo as to thrive ; the ftalks rife about fix or eight 

 inches high,' and are generally garniftied with two 

 lobated leaves, ftanding at a diftance from each other. 

 The ftalk is terminated by a finglc flower, which is 

 fuqceeded by a fmall black fruit, not much unlike 

 that of the Dewberry, and is By fome perfghs much 



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efteemed 

 it in the 



and 



The eleventh fort grows naturally in Canada ; it has 

 a crijcplhg herbaceous root, fending out trailing her- - 

 baceous ftalks, which,, frequendy put out roots ; tlie ■ 

 leaves are for the moft part compofed of three heart- | 

 fliaped lobes, which are veined and hairy ; the flowers' J 

 have five whitfe petals :,the flowers are male and fe-, 

 male on the fame plant^ and the fruit is fomewhat 

 like the laft. .' ^r^ai'li'^t:!/- V ■ ■ " ' ' • .-r ■■ 

 RUDBECKIA. LinV Gen. Plant. 878. Obelifco- 

 theca! Vaill. Aft.- Par.,;; 1720. Bobartia. Pet. MuC 

 ' Dwarf Sunflower, vulgo. ^ : • 



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