



•I 



k ' 



AG 



air and fun Is admitted to pafs between the rows, the ( S A L I C A R I A 

 lefs cxpencc it will be in the boiling and preparing of I 



. / 



S A 



See LvTHRuM. 



the Sugar. 



In the boiling of Sugar, they ufe a mixture of wood 

 afhes and lime, which is called temper, without which 

 the Sugar will not granulate. The quantity of this 

 mixture is proportioned to the quality of the around 

 on which the Canes grew. ^ 



See Crocus. ' . 



I 



SAFFRON. 



SAGE. See Salvia. 

 SAGITTARIA. Lin. Gen. 



Plant. 



. . 945. Sagltta. 



Dillen. Gen. 4. Ranunculus. Tourn. Inft. R. H. 287. 



Arrow-head. - 



The Characters are. 



It hath male and female flowers on the fame plant > the 

 male flowers have a permanent empalement of three oval 



■ concave leaves ; they have three roundiflo petals which 



fpread open, and are larger than . the empalement^ and 



many awl-fhaped ftamina collet ed hi a head^ terminated 



by ereSl fummits. The female flowers arejituated below 



the male j thefe have a three-leaved empalement ^ and three 



petals as the male^ but no ftamina ; they have many com- 



preffed germen colleSfed in a head^ fitting upon very Jhort 



flyles^ and han)e permanent acute ftigmas. The germen af- \ 



termor d become oblong compreffed feeds having loTigitudinal 



borders^ and are coUe^ed in globular heads. 



This genus of plants is ranged in the eighth feftlon 



of Linnaeus's twenty-firft clafs, which includes thofe 



• plants which have male and female flowers on the 



fame plant, whofe male flowers have many ftamina. 

 The Species are, ;f 1-,:; ;/:.,; 5; ; ■:■ ; 



1. SagitTaria {Sagittifolia) foliis omnibus faeittatis 

 acutis petiolis longiffimis. Arrow-bead with ^all the 

 leaves arrow-pointed^ and long foot-ftalks. Sagittaaqua- 

 tica major. C. B. P. The greater Arrow-head. 



2. Sagittaria (M»tfr) foliis fagittatisfpatulifque, pe- 

 tiolis longioribus.' Arrow-head with arrow-potrtted and 

 fpattle-floaped leaves^ having longer foot-ftalks. Sagitta 



aquatica foliis variis. Loefl.PruiT. 234. /iT/z/^^rrtw- 

 bead with variable leaves. < . 



The firft fort grows naturally in ftanding waters in 

 moft parts of England ; the root is compofed of ma- 

 ny flrong fibres, which flrike deep into the mud 5 

 the foot-ftalks of the leaves arc in length proporti- 



■ enable to the depth of the water in which they grow, 

 To they are fometimes almoft a yard long ; they are 

 round, thick, and fungous; the leaves which float 



int of an ar- 



■ 1 



■ 



F ■■ 



ihaped 

 row, the two ears at their bafe 

 der, and are very Iharp-pointed.* The'' flowers are 

 produced upon long ftalks which rife above the leaves, 

 and ftand in whorls round them at the joints ; they 

 liave each three broad white petals 'which fpread 

 open, and in the middle is a clufl:cr of ftaimma with 

 purple fummits. "It flowers in July. The flowers 



are fucceededby rough heads, contaming many fmall 

 feeds. ■ ^^ j-.--:~~- -y-- -^^--l '-'■'■> ^-° ■."-- ■ ." 



The fecond fort grows plentifully in (landing waters 

 near Paris, but has not been found wild in England. 

 This never grows fo large as the former ; the leaves 

 vary greatly, fome of them are oblong, round-point- 

 ed, and Ihaped like afpatula ; others are arrow-point- 

 ed, but thefe have their points lefs acute than thofe 

 of the former, and the flowers are fmaller, in which 

 it differs from the former ; and as all the plants where 

 this grows retain their differencej fo it may be fup- 

 .pofed a different fpecies. 



There is alfo a third fort mentioned by Dr.Plukenet, 

 under the title of Sagitta aquatica omnium minima, 

 or the leafl: Arrow-head. This grows plentifully on 

 the borders of the Thames about Lambeth, and alfo 

 at Chelfea i the foot-ftalks of the leaves of this are 

 very ftiort, the leaves are much lefs, and the flralks 

 which fupport the flowers are alio very fhort; but | 

 thefe differences may be occafioned by the fituation 

 of their growth, for it is always found growing in 

 th< mud, which the water ebbs'from every tide, fo 

 it is only covered in high water, which may ftint 



the growth of the plants. ?nd give them this ap- 

 pearance, ^ ' ■ ' ' - '\ 



^ll'ce^.l^'''- ^r'- C0r.App.5r. tab. 485.. 

 Lir^Gen. Plant. ,o. Jointed Glaffwoft, or Saltwort. 

 1 he L.HARACT£RS arc, ^ 



The flower bath a rugged, fuelling, four-cornered em- 

 palement, which IS permanent. It has no petal, and bui 

 omftamtna the length of the empah.r.m, crowned by an 

 oblong twin ftivmnt, and an oblong oval germen fupport- 

 tng a finglefyle, crowned by a bifid ftigma. rhtgermeft 

 afterward becomes a Jingle feed, inclofed in the fwellini 

 empalement. ■> s 



This genus of plants Dr. Lmnseus places iti the firft 

 feftion of his firft clafs, which contains thofe plants 

 whofe flowers have but one ftamina and one ftyle. 

 The Species are, - 



1. §ALicoRNiA (Fruticofa) articulis apice craflioribus 

 obtufis. Lm. Mat. Med. 8. Jointed Glaffwort with 



• tbuk obtiife points. YM\ geniculatum. Ger. Emac. 

 535. Common jointed Glaffwort. 



2. Salicornia {Perenne) articulis apice acutioribus, 

 caule fruticofo ramofo. Glaffwort with acute points to 



. the joints, and a flmibby branching fialk. Kali geni- 

 pulatum "perenne fruticofius procumbens. Raii Syn. 

 Ed 2. p. e-j. rr ailing, fhrubhy, perennial, jointed 

 Glajjwort. ■ . . 



The firft fort grows plentifully in moft of the falt- 



• marfties which are overflowed by the tides, in many 

 parts of England. This is a trailing plant, with 



. thiclc.fucculent, jointed ftalks, which trail upon the 

 ground, and divide into feveral branches. The 

 flowers are produced at the ends of the joints toward 

 the extremity of the branches, which are fmall, and 

 fcarce difcernible by the naked eye. It flowers the 

 latter end of July, and thq feeds ripen in autumn.- 

 The fecond fort grows naturally in Sheepey Ifland ; 

 this hath a ftirubby branching ftalk about fix inches 

 long ; the points of the articulations are acute, the 

 ftalks branch from the bottom, and form a kind of 

 pyramid -, they are perennial, and produce their flow^ 

 ers in the fame manner as the former. 

 The inhabitants near the fea-coaft where thefe plants 

 grow, cut them up toward the latter end of fummer, 



grown, «..^vi 



them in the fun, they burn them for their afhest which 

 are ufed in making of glafs and foap. Thefe herbs 

 are, by the country people, called Kelp, and are pro- 

 mifcuoufly gathered for ufe. 



'** ^ '^t - -• , 



From the afhes of thefe plants is^ extracted the fait, 

 ^'^called fal kali, "or alkali, which is much ufed bv the 

 chemiib. ' - • - ^ 



< ' V * 



The manner of gathering and burning of thefe herbs 

 ; IS mentioned under the article of Salsola, fo I fliall 

 * not repeat it m this place. ' ■ 



In fome parts of England thefe herbs are gathered and 

 pickled for Samphire, though that is a very different 

 plant from either of thefe. 



SALIX, Tourn. Infl:. R. H. 590. tab, 364. Lin. 

 Gen. Plant. gy6. [takes its name from falio, to leap 

 or dance, becaufe of its quick growth.] The Sallow, 

 or Willow-tree ; in French, Sauk. 



The Characters are. 

 It hath male and female flowers upon feparate plants -, the 

 male flowers are difpofed in one common^ obkngy imbri- 

 cated katkin. The fcales have each one oblong fpreading 

 flower y which has no petaU but a cylindrical nefarious 

 gland in the center. It has two flender ereSl ftamina^ . 

 terminated by twin fummits having four cells. The fe- 

 male flowers are difpofed in katkins as the male j thefe 

 have neither petals or ftamina^ but an oval narrotfjed 

 germen^ fcarce diftinguifl^able from the ftyle, crowned by 

 two bifid erea ftigmas. The germen afterward becomes 



ansol-fhaped capfule 



with hairy down. 



7 'J- """^ bV^ifft^ 



fmall oval feeds ^ crowrxd 



This genus of plants is ranged in the fecond kddon 

 of Linnasus's twcnty-fccond clafs, which contains 

 thofe plants which have male and female flowers on 

 feparate plants, whofe male flowers have two ftamina* 

 Tjhere ^re feveral fpecies of this genus which grow 

 naturally in the northern parts of Europe, of little or 



V 



