* 



t 



i- 



I 



k 



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A 



r 



are of a dark green on their upper fide, but are very 



wooUyandwhite on their under, cndingin acute points, 

 and ftand upon very fhort foot-flalks : the younc^ 

 branches of this fort arc woolly, and their buds are 

 very turgid. This is pretty much planted in the Ofier- 

 grounds, for the ufe of bafket-makers. 

 The ninth fort is a tree of middling growth; it calls 



its bark annually ; the Ihoots are brittle, they have a 

 yellowifh bark; the leaves are fpear-fhaped, and 

 fawed on their edges ; they are eared on both fides 



- at their bafe, and are all placed alternate, being of a 

 light green on both fides. This fort is not very com- 



- monly cultivated, the twigs being too brittle. 



The tenth fort hath very pliant branches, fo is much 



^ planted in the Ofier-grounds. The leaves of this are 



./- very long ; they are fpear-fliaped and entire, and are 



' green on both fides. It grows to a middling fize, if 



planted in moift land. ' -'■ ■"' ' 



The eleventh fort grows naturally in the Levant, but 



has been feveral years cultivated in tlie Englifh gar- 



■ dens. This will grow to a middling fize ; the branches 



- ■ are long, fiender, and hang down on every fide, fo 



■ form natural arches ; the leaves are narrow, fpear- 



- fhaped, fmooth, and fawed on their edges. It is well 



known in the gardens, by the title of Wectoing 

 "Willow. 



■ The twelfth fort is a tree of lower growth; the 

 branches of this are ereft ; the leaves "^are fmooth, 



■ narrow, fpear-fhaped, and fawed on their edges; they 

 are of a dark or bluifli green,' and toward the upper 

 part of the branches are placed oppofite. It \s found 

 by the fide of ditches in many parts of England., - 

 The thirteenth fort grows naturally upon dry land, 

 and on high fituations, . but rarely is feen'of a large 



■' fize ; the bark is of a gray dark colour, and fmooth ; 

 : the brahches are brittle, fo are'unfit for bafket-makers, 



■ ;but it is frequently cultivated in hedges, and for fuel 

 -■^'in many parts of England: it is called Mountain 

 -■ Ofier. The leaves are oval, rough, and woolly, and 



are indented toward the top; they are about an inch 



" and a half long, and one inch broad, rounded at both 



• ' ends, and have fhort foot-flalks. There is a variety 



of this in the gardens with variegated leaves, 

 "The fourteenth fort is the common Sallow; 



this 



from 



end 



' - 



_ 



fide, and fit ciofe to the branchcis"; they are not dif- 

 tinguifhed by the farmers, who cultivate them 



■- >- 



^y^^ 



Equally. 



, There are fome other forts of Willows ' which are 

 planted in the Ofier-grounds, and arc diflinguiflied 

 by the bafket-makers and dealers in them, under ti- 

 tles which they have applied to tliem, which are little 

 known to others j thefc are annually cut dowri,'and 

 always kept low, but when tliey are not cut down, 



. and have room to grow, will rife to a confiderable 



; .4ieight, and fome of them will become large trees ; 



■' fo that they may be planted for the fame purpofes as 

 the firft fort, and will make a variety when intermix- 



■ cd with it, though they are commonly cultivated for 

 their twigs, which produce good profit to the owner 



' "'of the land. 



AH the forts of Willows may be eafily propagated by 

 >; planting cuttings or fets, either in the fpring or au- 



' tumn, (but the fpring is the fureft feafon) which rea- 

 dily take root, and are of a quick growth. Thofe 

 forts which grow to be large trees, and are cultivated 

 fbr^ their timber, arc generally planted from fets, 

 which are about feven or eight feet long ; thefe are 

 Iharpencd at their larger end, and thrufl into the 

 ground by the fides of ditches and banks, where the 

 ground is moifl ; in which places they make a con- 

 fiderable progrefs, and are a great improvement to 



, fuch efl:ates, becaufe their tops will be fit to lop eve- 

 ry fixth or feventh yean This is the ufual method 

 now pradtifed in moft parts of England, where the 

 trees arc cultivated, as they are generally intended for 

 prefent profit; but if they are defigned for large trees, 

 or are cultivated for their wood, they fhould be 

 planted in a different manner ; for thofe which are 



A 



igh 



fend out a number of branches toward the top, which 

 fpread, and form large heads fit for Idppinfr, but 

 their principal flem never advances in height ; °there- 

 fore, where regard is paid to that, they fhould be 

 propagated by fliort young branches, which fliould 

 be put almoft their whole length in the ground, leav- 

 ing only t;wo, or at moft but three buds out of the 

 ground ; and when thefe have made one year's Ihoot^ 

 they fhould be all cut off, except one of the ftrongefl 

 and beft funded, which muft be trained up to a flem 

 and treated in the fame way as timber trees. If thefe 

 arc planted with fuch defign, the rows fhould be eight 

 feet afunder, and the fets four feet diflrance in the 

 rows ; by planting them fo clofe,' they will naturally 

 draw each other upward, and, v/hen they are grown 

 fo large, as to cover the ground" and meet, they 

 fhould be gradually thinned, fo as at the laft to leave 



out twelve feet afunder, and the plants in 

 the rows eieht. If they are fo treated, the trees will 

 erow to a large fize, and rife with upright flrems to 



. the height of forty feet or more. 

 When thefe cuttings are planted, it is ufual to fharp^ 

 en thofe ends to a point which are piit into the 



^ ground, for the better thrufting of them in ; but the 



- befl way is to cut them horizontally juft below the 

 bud or eye, and to make holes with an iron inftrument 



■ in the ground where each cutting is to be planted, and 



when they are put in, Ihe ground fliould be prelfed 



clofe about the cuttings with the heel to fettle it, and 



, prevent the air from penetrating deep into the ground. 



The after care muft be to keep them clear from 



'^ weeds the two firft fcafons, by which tirne they will 



have ^ acquired fo much ftrength, as to over-power 



; and keep down the wee Js'; they will alfo require fom* 



trimming in winter to "take off any'lateral fhoots, 



which, if fuffered to grow, would retard their ttp- 



right progrefs. ---.'*>-. ^ . , . , . j 

 There are great trafts of land in England fit for this 

 . purpofe, which at prefent produce little to the owners, 

 and might, by planting ot thefe trees, turn to as good 

 accountas the beft Corn land. The larger wood, if 

 found, is commonly fold for mailing wooden heels 

 for fhoes; as alfo to turners for many kinds of light 



ware. 



The Sallows are commonly planted in cuttings made 



from ftrong fhoots of the former year, about three 



-feet long ; thefe are com.monly'thruft down two feet 



^ deep into thegrpund, arid are one foot above It/ TrtP 



Vuttings i^duTd Be placed about five feet row from 



row, and two jftet afunder in the rows, obferving al- 



wajrs tp plant the rows the Hoping Way of the ground 



''■felpeciallyifthe"'tides overflow the place ;) becaufe, 



''if the rows are plad^d tKe contrary ways, all the filth 



and weeds will be detained by the fets, which will 



choak them up. ., « . 



The beft feafon for planting thefe cuttings in the 

 Ofier-grounds is in February, for if they are plant- 

 ed fooner, they are apt to peel, if it proves hard 

 froft, wfiich greatly injures them. Thefe plants are 

 always cut evei^ year, and, if the foil be good, they 

 will produce a great crop, fo that the yearly produce 

 of one acre has been often fold for fifteen pounds, 

 but ten pounds is a common price, which is much 

 better than Corn land ; fo that it is great pity thefe 

 • plants are not more cultivated, efpecially upon moift 

 boggy foils, upon which few other things will thrive, 

 SALSOLA. Lin. Gen. Plant. 275. Kali. Tourn. 

 Inft. R. H. 247.tab. 128. GlafTwort; in French, i'^^^^^. 



- • ' 





The'CHARACTERS are, 

 ne empalement of the flower is permanent, and compofed 

 of five oval obtufe leaves ; the flower has no petals^ but 

 hath five Jhort ftamina which are infer ted in the divifiom 

 of the petals \ it hath a globular germen, with a floor t two- 

 pointed ftyle^ ctoivned by recurved ftigmas, The germen 

 afterward becomes a globular capfule with one cell^ wrap- 

 ped up in the empalement, inclofing one large feed. 

 This genus of plants is ranged in the fecond fedion 

 of Linnseus's fifth clafs, which includes thofe plants 

 whofe flowers have five ftamina and two ftyles. - - 



II T -The 



