A 



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The SpEcir.s are, 

 ¥. Salsola (Kali) herbacea decunibens, foliis fubula- 

 tis fpinofis, calycibus marginatls axillaribus. Lin. Sp. 



IfoL 



of the fi. 



7/j 



from the fh 



vioribus. Tragum. Match. 



Kali fpinofum foliis craffioribus & bre- 



1035. Prickly Cleffwort 



'-jjith fJjorter and thicker leave, 

 2r Salsola {Tragus) herbacea erecta, foliis fubulatis 

 fpinofis l3:^vibus, calycibus ovatis. Herbaceous Salfola 

 with a'xlftjaped prickly leaz 

 Kali fpinofum, foliis longioribus 



GlqfR 



"JO 



3 



4 



carnofi:. Lin. 



5 



/ 



& anguflioribus. 



ith longer 

 and narro-iK^er leaves. 



Salsola (Soda) herbacea, foliis inermibus, Guett. 

 Scamp. 426. Herbaceous Salfola with fmooth leaves. Ka- 

 li m..jus rochleato femine. C. B. P. 287. Greater Glaff- 

 ivort with a cochleated leaf 



Salsola (Fcrr/iiculata) frutc^ccnSy foliis ovatis acutis 



Sp. Plant. 223. Shrubby Salfola with 

 ovaU ftfhy^ acute-pointed leaves. Kali fruticofumHif- 

 panicuni, tamarifci folio. Tourn, Inft. R. H. 247. 

 Shrubby SpanifJj Glaffwort with a "Tamarifk leaf 



Salsola (Rofacea) herbacea, foliis fubulatis mu- 

 cronafis, calycibus explanatis. Lin. Sp. Plant. 222. 

 Herbaceous Salfola with pointed awl-floaped leaves^ and 

 fprccding empalements. Kali humile, alis purpureis 

 florem rofaceum mentientibus. Buxb. Cent. i. p. 9. 

 Dwarf Glaffwort^ having purple wings which refembk a 

 Rofe flower. 



The firft fort grow snaturally in the falt-marflies in di- 

 vers parts of England ; it is an annual plant, which 

 rifes about five or fix inches high, fending out many 



fide branches from the bottom, which fpread on every 

 fide •, thefe are garnifhed with fhort awl-fhaped leaves 

 which are flefliy, and terminate in acute fpines. ; The 

 flowers are produced from the fides of the branches, 

 to which they fit'clofe, and are encompafled by (hort 

 prickly leaves •, they are fmall, and'of an lierbaceous 

 colour. I he feeds are wrapped up m the empale- 

 ment or the flower, and ripen in autumn, Toon after 

 which the pUnts decay.' 





^j.^The fecond fort' grows naturally on the fandy fhores 

 ^J: of the fouth of France, Spain, and Italy ; this is alfo 

 "'/ah'arinuaf plantV^ which fends^but many diffufed 

 ..,,ftalksV foot and a half long, which are garnilhed 

 ■^with linear Ieaves""'an incli long, ending' witHfharp 

 fpines. The flowers come out from the fide of the 

 llalks in the fame manner as thofe of the former ; 

 their empalements are blunt, and not fo clofely en- 

 compafl^ed with leaves as thofe of the othpr. 

 The third fort rifes with herbaceous ftalks near three 

 feet high, fending out hoary branches their whole 

 length, which at bottom fpread out wide, but to- 

 ward the top they are fliort. The leaves on the 

 principal ftalk, and thofe on the lower part of the 

 branches, are long, fiender, and have no fpines -, thofe 

 on the upper part of the fl:alk and branches are flen- 

 der, fhort, and crooked. At the bafe of the leaves 

 are produced the flowers, which are fmall andjiardly 

 perceptible ; the empalement of the flower afterward 

 encompaflTes the capfule, which contains one cochle- 

 ated feed. This fort in wafmi countries produces its 



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flowers in June, and the feeds ripen in Augufl: ; but 

 in this country the plants fcarce ever flower, unlefs 

 the fummer is very warm. This plant is cultivated 



'. about Montpelier in falt-marfhes, in order to make 



"fal alkali. 



. The fourth fort grows naturally in Spain ; this hath 



\ fhrubby perennial flalks which rife three or four feet 



^^^_^high, fending out many fide branches, which are gar- 



^^. rhiihed with flefliy, oval, acute- pointed leaves, coming 



out in cluflers from the fide of the branches ; they are 



Hoary, and have no flifi^ prickles. The flowers are 



produced from between the leaves toward the ends of 



the branches ; they are fo fmall as fcarce to be dif- 



ccrned, unlefs they are clofely viewed. The feeds 



are like thofe of the other kinds. 



The fifth fort 



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' 





r 



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t** V'--4. 



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Ihe 



annual plant whofc flalks are herbaceous, and k\- 

 dom rife more than five or fix inches high. 

 leaves are awl-fliapcd, ending in acute points -, the 

 flowers are fmall, and of a Role colour, but icon fade • 

 the feeds are like thofe of the other forts. 

 All the forts of Glaffwort 



oufly ufed for making 



are fometimes promifcu- 

 the fal alkali, but it is the 



third fort which is ellccmed beft for this purpofe. 

 The manner of making it is as follows : havin<r Ju ' 



or 

 t> 



a trench near the fea, they lay laths acrcfs It, on 

 which they lay the herb in heaps, and havino- made a 

 fire below, the liquor which runs out of the herbs 

 drops to the bottom, which at length thickenincr be- 

 comes fal alkali, which is partly of a black, ^and 

 partly of an Afli colour, very fliarp and corrofive,'and 

 of a fakifli tafte. This, when thoroughly hardened 

 ■ becomes like a flone, and is there called foude or 

 fode. It is tranfported from thence to other coun- 

 tries for making of glafs. . 

 SALT is a foffii body, fufible by fire, and congeala- 

 ble again, in the cold, into brittle glebes or cryfl:als- 

 folublc withal in water, fo as to difappear therein' 



neve 



the or_ 

 fharnncis. 



r malleable, and having fomething in it, which to 

 rgan of tafte, affords a fenfation of acrimony and 



Dr. Grew fuppofes. That the chief governino- prin- 

 ciple in the juices of plants is the faline or Salt, 

 which faline principle is to be underftood as a gene- 

 ral term. The vegetable Salts feem to be four, viz. 

 the nitrous, the acid, the alkaline, and the marine. 

 The nitrous Salts feem by nature to be affigned chiefly 

 to the growth of plants, and the other three Salts are 

 exhibited by the feveral ways of refolving the princi- 

 ples of a plant. 



Salt is accounted a good drefling for cold lands, be- 

 ; caufe the nature of it is fuch, that the drier and hot- 



. ■ ter it is kept, the more it keeps its own body, and 



. ,qoes not turn to water : but when it flands in a cold 

 . moift place, m a little time it difTolves to water, and, 

 when turned to water, is fit for the nourifhment and 

 feeding of plants, efpecially annuals, v v 

 The reafon wKySalt, viz. Salt water,' is accounted a 

 feeder of plants^ is, that it has been often obferved 

 that Salt falling on a board, &c. will be long drying; 



, and, if it has been dried by heat, dews, or rain, will 



■make it moifl: again, and then it fleams forth, and 



tKat is it which nourifhes all plants ; but, if it be up- 



, on a hot and dry ground, late in the fpring, and dry 

 weather comes, it does not, nor can yield its fl;eam 

 or. fume. 



Pigeons dung is by many efl:eemed good for cold lands, 

 becaufe it is hotter and falter than any other dung, it 

 being natural to pigeons to eat Salt, for they fly to 

 . the fea fide early on mornings to pick up the Salt, 

 which the heat of the fun makes by drying up the 

 Saltwater, and leaves upon the fand. .. 

 The Rev. Dr. Hales, in his excellent Treatife of Ve- 

 getation, obferves, that plants are of a lefs durable 

 texture, as they abound with a greater proportion of 

 Salt and water, which is not fo fl:rongly attradted as 

 fulphur and. air, fo they are the lefs able to endure the 

 cold 5 and, as plants arc obferved to have a greater 

 proportion of Salt and water in them in the fpring 

 than in autumn, they are morceafily injured by cold 

 in the fpring, than in a more advanced age, when 

 their quantity of oil is increafed, with their greater 

 maturity. 



Whence we find, that nature's chief bufinefs in bring- 

 ing the parts of a vegetable, efpecially its fruit and 

 feed, to a maturity, is to combine together, in a due 

 proportion, the rnore aftive and noble principles of 

 fulphur and air, that chiefly confl:itute oil, which in 

 its mofl refined flrate is never found without fome de- 

 gree of earth and Salt in it. 



Common Salt, if it could be obtained. at a reafona- 

 ble rate, would be an excellent drefling for moft 

 lands, but the exorbitant duty which is laid upon it, 

 renders it too expenfive to be ufed for this purpofe, 

 ■ fo that it is needlefs to mention its ufefulnefs. 



.:^ SALVIA, 



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