4- 



i 



V 



-y 



i' 



J 



S A M 



.T. 



water as they may require it, they will have put out 



good rc-ots in about two months, when they fliouid 

 be inured gradually to tlie open air, into which they 

 ihouidbe remo^ed foon after. The cuttings, which 

 are railed early in the leaibn, will become ftrong plants 

 t^cfore winter, lo will be in a better condition w refift 

 the cold than thole which are weak. 

 If the cuttings are planted in fummer, they will re- 



quire no arti!K:ial heat, fo that if t I'e P^'are ulanted on' f •""' 'I ^''"' t'. °" ^'°' /"PP°^'"S them differen 

 a bed of freih loamy e'arth, and ^a^,:^ S^^tl ^H^.t' '' M^^ !"^^^^ ^ut one tri.i of tlvis, I 



% 



t-'. 



a bed of heih loamy earth, and covered clofe down 

 with a bell or hand-glali, and fnaded from the fun 

 m the heat of the day, giving them now and then a 

 httlc water, they will take root freely ; and when they 

 begin to flioot, they fhould have free air admitted to 

 tnem by raifing the glafs on one fide, and fo c^radu- 

 al:y expofed to the open air. When the plants are 

 , well rooted, they Ihould be each tranfplanted into a 

 . Separate fmall pot filled with fVefli light earth, and 

 placed in a fiiady fituation till they have taken new 

 root ; then they may removed to a fhekcred fituation 

 where they may remain till the approach of froft' 

 when they muit be carried into fhelter, and in winter 

 treated in the fame manner as other hardy c^-een-houfe 

 ^ plants, which only require proteftion front froft, ob- 

 ferving not to over-water them during the cold wea- 

 ther, but in fummer, when they arc in the open aT 

 they will require it often. ' 



S A L V I A A G R E S T I S. See Ticucrium. 

 •SAMBUCUS. Tourn. Inft. R. H. 6o6. tab oy6 

 Lin Gen. Plant. 334. [fo called of fambuca, a mu- 

 fical inftrument made of this wood, and ufed by the 

 . ancients.] The Elder-tree ; in French, ^^ureau. 

 . The Characters are, ..: ■'■... 



A.M 



^'^'^"Ia '^J"'.!'"" '^ undoubtedly a variety, but i 

 much doubt ,f the white is not a diftinft fpecies, for 

 the lobes of the leaves are much lefs. and are very 

 flightly fawed on their edges, whereas thofe of tlic 

 common fort are deeply fowed ; they are alfo fmooth- 

 er and of a lighter green, and the plants which 

 have been raifed from the berries have not akered 

 fo there is great reafon for fuppofing them different 



eel by 



Theflo 





f' 





cut into five parts s it has one concave ivhceCfiapcd pe- 

 Uly cut into five obtufe fegments at the hrim, which are re- 

 flexed, and five a-wl-foaped ftaniina the length of the petal, 

 terminated by rotmdifi ftimmits, with an oval gennen 

 fituatcd under the floxver^ having no ftyk, in room of 

 which is a fzvelling gland, crozvned by three obtufe ftigjnas. 

 The germen afterward becomes a roundifj berry with one 

 'cell^ including three 'angular feeds. 



This genus of plants is ranged in the third feffion of 

 Linna;us's fifth clafs, which contains thofe plants whofe 

 flowers have five ftamina and three ftyles. - 



itf 



.T 



The Species are. 



-»- rt 



.„-t 



-Sambucus {Nigra) caUle arboreo ramofo, floribus 

 Nr.-;umbel]atis. Flor. Leyd. Prod. 243/ Elder with a 

 •t> 'branching tree-like ft alk^ ' and flowers growing in umbels, 

 SambucLis fruclu in umbdla nigro. C. B. P. 456. 

 :; ■:- Common Elder with black berries growing in an umbel 

 2, Sambucus {Laciniata) foliis pinnatifidis, floribus 

 umbellatis, caule fruticofo ramofo. Elaer with wing- 

 pointed leaves,, flowers growing in umbels^ and 'afljrtibby 

 Iranching flalL' Samhucus laciniato folio. C. B. P. 



456. Cut-leaved Elder^ commonly called Parfley-leaved 



Elder ^■- ."■.."■": v-,.. -, * • " • 



V 





f---^ 





\ 



v.. 



1- V 



r-. 



Sameucus [Racemofa) racemis compofitis,' ovatis, 

 caule arboreo. Lin. Sp. Plant. 270. Elder with oval 

 compound bunches of flowers, and a tree-like ft alk, Sam- 

 biicus .racemofa rubra, ' C. B. P. 456. Red-berried 

 Mountain Elder. ■ , ■ i ' 



;4. Sameucus (Ebulus) caulc herbaceo ramofo, foliolis 

 . - dentatis. Tab. 226. Elder with a branchi7tg herbaceous 

 ft alky end the Jmallleaves indented: Sambucus humi- 

 5»i::li-s, five Ebulus. C. B. P. 456. Dwarf Elder^ or Ebulus. 

 5. S.AMBucus {Hmnilus) caule herbaceo ramofo, foliolis 

 :?:.: lineari-lanceolatis acute dentatis. Elder with an her-'' 

 -; ' laceous branching ftcdky and linear fpear-floaped lobes whiih 

 .. arejharply indented, Sambucus humilis, five Ebulus 

 /r,- folio laciniato. C. B. P. 456. Dwarf Elder, or Ebu- 

 ■c • his, with a cut leaf, - . . - 



. 6. Sambucus (Canaderfls) cymis quinqucpartitis, foliis 

 fub-bipinnatis, caule frutefcente. Lin. Sp. Plant. 



^^5. Canada Elder with 



/j 



t> 



.: Jtalk. 



The firft fort liere mentioned is the common Elder, 

 whicii IS lo well known as to need no defcription ; of 

 this there are the following varieties, vi;;. the white 



: and green berried Elder, and the variegated leaved 



am unwilling to determine upon a fingle experiment, 

 but fhall leave it as a doubt till further trial is made 

 1 he fecond fort is generally titled Parfiey-leaved El- 

 der, by the gardeners j this is by fome fuppofed to be 

 only a variety of the firll, but tliere can be little rca- 

 on for doubting of its being a diltinct fpecies. The 

 lobes of thele leaves are narrower than thofe of the 

 hrlt, and are cut into feveral fegments -, thefe are 

 again deeply indented on their edges regularly, in 

 form of winged leaves. The ftalks of this are much 

 Ima ler than thofe of the firft, and the Ihoots are (hort j 

 the leaves have not fo ftrong an odour, and their ber- 

 ries are a little fmaller. 



The third fort grows naturally upon the mountains in 

 Germany and Italy; this fends up many flirubby 

 Itaks from the root, which rife ten or twelve feet 

 high, and divide into many branches, which are co- 

 vered with a brown bark; the leaves come out..pf.j- 

 lite ; thofe on the lower part of the branches are com- 

 pofed generally of two pair of lobes, terminate 

 an odd one ; thefe are fliorter and broader than thofe 

 ot the common Elder, and are deeply fawed on their 

 edges ; the leaves on the upper part of the brarxhes 

 have frequently but three lobes ; they are of a pale 

 green colour, and pretty fmooth. " The flowers comd 

 out at the end of the llioots in oval bunches, which 

 are compofed of feveral fmaller -'they are of all her- 

 baceous white colour, and appear in April; thefe are 

 lomctimes fucceeded by berries in England, which are 

 red when ripe. ■■ 



The fourth fort grows naturally in many of the mid- 



land counties in England, where it is Yrequemly a 



troublefome weed in the fields ; this is called Dwarf 



Elder, Banewort, and Walwort. It hath creepm? 



roots which fpread far in the ground on every fide, io 



propagates very fall wherever the plant once gets pof- 



leflion ; the ftalks arc herbaceous, and rife from three 



to five feet high, in proportion to the goodnefs of the 



-: ground, and fend out a few fide branches toward the 



..top; fhey are garnifhed with winged leaves, coin- 



pofedof fix orfeven pair of narrow lobes, terminated 



:_by an odd one ; thefe are about four inches long, and' 



;:u.bne broad near their bafe, ending in ecute points ; 



-v they are of a deep green, a little indented on their 



edges, and are placed by pairs along the midrib. The 



flowers grow in umbels at the top of the ftalks ; they 



• ■ are of the fame fonnfvith thofe of the common El- 



der, but are fmaller, and are fpotted with red. Thefe 

 appear in July, and are fucceeded by black beiries 



• like thofe of the common Elder, but are fmaller. - 

 ■ This plant is frequently ufed in medicine; it purges 

 •: ferous watery humours 'by ftool, and is therefore nn^ch 



'recommended for the dropfy, in which disorder I . 



have known the juice of this plant perform wonders 



.: ina lliorttime; it was adminiftered three times a 



.:: -week, two fpoonfuls was the dofe given at each time. 



It, is alfo" accounted a good medicine for the gout,- 

 •i and fcorbutic diforders. The young flioots of the 

 : common Elder are frequently fold for this in the mar- 



• kets, from which it may be eafily diftinguiilied, by 

 ■ the number and fhape of the lobes on each leaf: 



• the common Elder has feldom more than five lobe,s to 

 each leaf, which are troader and much fhorter thaii 

 than thofe of the Dwarf Elder, and are pretty deeplv 

 fawed on their edges ; but the leaves of the Dwarf 

 Elder have nine, eleven, or thirteen lobes to each leaf, 

 which are long, narrow, and very fiightly indented 

 on their edo-es. " ' 



The roots of the fifth fort do not creep fo much In the 



ground as thofe of the fourth ; the ftalks, are herba- 

 — "" but do not rife fo high, and are clofely gar- 



II iT ] • ■ nifhetl 



ceous 



