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SAN 



The other fort has leaves Jhaped like thofe of the f'or- 

 mer, but are longer and fmooth ; the infide of the 

 cmpalemenc is of a purple colour, in which it differs 

 from the firft. 



Thefe plants are propagated by feeds, which rnufl: be 

 procured from the countries where they naturally 

 grow ; thefe muft be fown upon a hot-bed in the 

 Ipring, and when the plants come up, they muft be 

 planted in fmall pots filled with good kitchen-garden 

 earth, and plunged into a hot'-bed of tanners bark, 

 and treated in the fame way as other tender plants 

 from the fame countries. Thefe fhould be kept in the 

 bark-bed in the ftove till they have acquired ftrength, 

 then they may be expofed in fummer, but in winter 

 they require a good green-houfe. 

 SAND, as Dr. Boerhaave defines it, is earth properly 

 fo called, which is a foffil body, neither diffoluble by 

 fire, water, nor air ; infipid and untranfparent, more 

 fufible than ftone, ftill friable, and containing ufually 

 a fliare of fatnefs. 



Dr. Lifter divides the Englifh Sands into two clafTes ; 

 the firft, ftiarp or rag Sand, confifting of fmall tranf- 

 parent pebbles, naturally found on the mountains, 

 and not calcinable ; thefe he farther divides into fine 

 and coarfe, and fubdivides each, according to the co- 

 lours, into white, gray, reddifh, brown, &c. 

 The fecond, foft or fmooth, which he fubdivides into 

 that with flat particles broken from lime ftones, that 

 with filver-like particles, and that with gold-like par- 

 ticles. - 



As to Sand, its ufe is to make the clayey earth fertile, 

 and fit to feed vegetables, &c. for earth alone, we 

 find, is liable to coalefce, and gather into a hard co- 

 herent mafs, as is apparent in clay; and earth thus 

 embodied, and as it were, glued together, is no ways 

 difpofed to nourifli vegetables ; but if with fuch earth, 

 Sand, &c. i.e. hard cry ftals, which are not difTolva- 

 ble in water, and ftill retain their figure, be intermix- 

 ed, they will keep the pores of thcT earth open, and 

 the earth itfelf loofe and incompaft, and by that means 

 givejooin for the juices to afccnd, and for plants to 

 be nouriftied thereby. 



Thus a vegetable, planted either in Sand alone, or in 

 a fat glebe, or earth alone, receives no growth or in- 

 ' crement at all, but is either ftarved or fuffbcated ; 

 but mix the two, and the mafs becomes fertile. In 

 effeft, by means of Sand, the earth is rendered, in 

 fome manner, organical ; pores and interftices being 

 hereby maintained, fomething analogous to veffels, 

 by which the juices may be conveyed, prepared, di- 

 gefted, circulated, and at length cxcerncd, and thrown 

 ofFinto the roots of plants. , . ■ ' . " — ; _ 

 Grounds that are fandy and gravelly, eafily** admit 

 both of heat and moifture •, but then they are liable 

 to thefe inconveniencies, that they let them pafs too 



■ foon, and fo contract no ligature, or elfe retain it 

 too long, efpecially where there is a clay bottom ; 



■ and by that means it either parches or chills too 

 ; much, and produces nothing but Mofs and canker- 

 ous infirmities ; but if the Sand happens to have a 



' furface of good mould, and a bottom of gravel or 

 loofe ftone, though it do not hold the water, it may 

 produce a forward fweet Grafs ; and though it may 



' be fubjeil to burn, yet it quickly recovers with the 

 leaft rain. ' ' ' . •' ^-. 



Sea Sand is accounted a very good compoft for ftiff 

 l^round, for it eff^efts the two follo^ying things, viz. 

 It makes way for the tree or feed to root in ftifF ground, 

 and makes a fume to feed it. 

 , Sand indeed is apt to pufh the plants that grow upon 



■ it, early in the fpring, and make them gerrninate near 

 • a month fooner than thofe that grow upon clay, be- 

 ' caufe the falts in the Sand are at full liberty to be 



raifed and put into motion, upon the leaft approach 

 of the warmth of the fun ; but then as they are hafty, 

 they are foon exhaled and loft. 

 SANGUINARIA. Dill. Hort. Elth. 252. Lin. 



Gen. Plant. 570. Puccoon. 



The Characters are, 

 ^I;e empalement of the flower is compofed of two oval 



N 



^ concave leaves, which fall a'-j^ay. It has eioht ohlom^ 

 okufe, fpreading petals, 'which are altcrnately~narrow. It 

 has manyftngle ftamina "xhich are fl:^orter than the pe- 

 tals, terminated by finglefummits, and an obhn<T comprejf 

 edgermen having no fiyle, crowned by a 'permanent thick 

 ftigma with two channels. The germen becomes an oblong 

 belhed capfule with two valves, pointed at both ends, in- 

 clofing round acute-poi'nted feeds. 



This genus of plants is ranged in the firft feftion of 

 Linnasus's thirteenth clafs, Vv'hich includes thofe 

 plants whofe flowers have many ftamina and one ftyle. 

 We have but one Species of this genus, viz. 



Sanguinaria iCanadenfts.) Hort. Cliffy. 202. Puccoon. 

 Chelidonium majus, Canadenfe acaulon. Corn. Canad. 

 212. Greater Celandine of Canada having no fialks. 

 There are fome few^ other varieties of this plant men- 

 tioned in the Eltham Garden, but they are not dif- 

 tin6t fpecies,^ for they vary annually, therefore it is 

 to no purpofe to mention their variations. 

 , This plant was formerly ranged in the genus of Ce- 

 landine, by the title of Chelidonium maximum Ca- 

 nadenfe acaulon ; and this name of Sanguinaria was 

 applied to it by Dr. Dillenius, who was profeflbr of 

 botany_ at Oxford. We have no proper Englifh 

 name for this, but as the inhabitants of America call 

 it by the Indian name Puccoon, I have continued it 

 here. 



It is a native of moft of the northern parts of Ame- 

 rica, where it grows plentifully in the woods •, and in 

 the fpring, before the leaves of the trees come out, 

 the furface of the ground is, in many places, cover- 

 ed with the flowers, which have fome refemblance 

 to our Wood Anemone, but they have fhort naked 

 pedicles, each fupporting one flower at the top. 

 Some of thefe flowers will have ten or twelve petals, 

 fo that they appear to have a double range of leaves^ 

 which has occafioned their being termed double flow- 

 ers ; but this is only accidental, the fame roots in 

 different years producing different flowers." The 

 roots of this plant are tuberous, and the whole plant 

 has a yellow juice, which the Indians ufe to paint 

 themfelves. 



This plant is hardy enough to live in the open air 

 in England, but it fliould be planted in a loofe foil 

 and a flickered fituatioq, but not too much expofed 

 to the fun. It is propagated by the roots, which 

 may be taken up and parted every other year ; the 

 beft time for doing of this is in September, that the 

 roots may have time to fend out fibres before the 

 hard froft fets in.' The flowers of this plant appear 

 in April, and when they decay, the green leaves 

 come out, which will continue till Midfummef; then 



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they'decay, arid the roots remain unaftive till the 

 following autumn ; fo that unlefs the roots are mark- 

 ed, it will be pretty difficult to find them after their 

 leaves decay, for they are of a dirty brown colour 

 on the outfide, fo are hot eafily diftinguifiied from 

 the earth. ^ ' 



-*- ? ' • , 



See Palma. 



This plant is very proper to mix with the Dog's- 

 tooth Violet, Spring Cyclamen, Perfian Iris, Bulbo- 

 codium, Sifyrinchium, and fome other low growing 

 bulbous and tuberous-rooted flowers, which require 

 the fame culture, \vhere thefe will add to the variety 

 when they are in beauty j for when the roots are 

 ftrong and grow in a good foil, they will produce a 

 great nuiinber of flowers upon each root; the roots 

 rhay be planted about four or five inches afundereve- 



' --■''---• ■^»«--. -It--- ti - 



ry way. ' - ....,- , 



SANGUIS DRACONIS. . _..^. 



SANGUISORBA. Lin. Gen. Plant. 136: Pim- 

 pinella. Tourn. Inft. R. H. 156. tab. 69. Burnet, 

 * called by the French PimperneL 



The Characters are, 

 The empalement of the flower Is compofed of two fljort 

 leaves placed oppoflte, which fall away. The flower hath 

 ^ one plain petal, cut into four obtiife fegments, which join 

 at their bafe. It has four ftamina the 'length of the pe- 

 . tal, terminated by fmall rcundifb fummlts^ and a four-cor- 

 ' nered germen fituated between the empalement md petal, 

 fupporting a fhort flender fiyle^ crkmed l^y an oVtnfe ftig- 

 ma^ - 



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