\ 



A P 



below the bleeding place, then the Sap whicliis between 

 the bark and the wood below that difbarkcd pi Ke, is 

 deprived of theftrong atcrafting power of the leaves, 

 tec. and confcquendv the bleeding wound cannot be 

 fupplied fo faft with Sap, as it was before the bark 



vas taken off. 



But the molt confiderable objeftion againft this pro- 

 greffive motion of the Sap without a circulation, arifes 

 from hence, viz. That it is too precipitate a courfe 

 for a due digeftion of the Sap, in order to nutrition, 

 whereas in animals, nature has provided that miny 

 parts of die blood fliall run a long courfe before they 

 are cither applied to nutrition, or difcharged from 



the animal. \ 



But when we confider that the great work of nutridon 

 in vegetables, as well as animals (I mean, after the 

 nutriment is got into the veins and arteries ot ani- 

 mals,) is chieriy carried on in the fine capillary vef- 

 fels, where nature felefls and combines, as ihall bed 

 fuit her different purpofes, the feveral mutually at- 

 tracting nutritious pardcles, which were hitherto kept 

 disjoined by the monon of their fluid vehicle. We 

 ihall find that nature has made abundant provifion for 

 this work in the ftru6lure of vegetables, ^all whofe 

 compofition is made up of nothing elfe but innumera- 

 rable fine capillary vefiTels, and glandulous portions 



of veflels. 



Upon the whole he thinks v^e have, from thefe experi- 

 ments and obfervations, fufficient ground to believe, 

 that there is no circulation of the Sap in vegetables, 

 .notwithftanding many ingenious perfons have been 

 induced to think there was from feveral curious obfer- 

 vations and experiments, which evidently prove that 

 the Sap docs in Ibme meafure recede from the top to- 

 ■ ward the lower part of plants, whence they were, with 

 good probability of realbn, induced to think that, the 



A P I N D U S. Tourn. Init. R. ti.Jsg^ ^t^b'.^^|4o. 

 Lin. Gen. Plant. 448. The Sopeberiy-tree* ^rr-^-'V-- 



r>^ . -XT- .^ -■-■-i--*^uvi^' tvi sr- "j>I "r*-:- 



Sap circulated. 



' * *^ 



The Characters are/" .f-"': 



r %r^ ' 



■ empale 



of the flower ts^ compofed of four 

 'eaves y which fprcad open and fall 

 fouf oval petals which are lefs th 



*i-.. !.• 



/ 



f the 'pt'tals^ terminated by ere5l ft 



ftnde ft. 



fupporting a fhort ftyh 

 Tmen afterward t 



f 



ij J X 



the fame form. There is rarely dho-ve one of thefe 



natty the other are abortive.' _ 



This genus of plants is ranged in the third feftion 



■ of Linn^us's eighth clafs, which contains thofe 



. plants ^hofe flowers have eight ftamina and three 



f . i - -^^:. 



< ---'--- ~ 



flyles. 

 ■■::^.^The Species ^are, ^ ^^^^. 



I. ^Sapi^^vvs (Saponaria) foliis jrnpTri pjnnatjs,'" 'cad^ 

 ' Inermf. Lin. Sp. Plant. ^26.' Sopeberry-tree^ with une- 

 qual winged leaves. Sapindus foliis coftse alatise innaf- 

 centibus. Tourn. App. 6^g. Sopeberry-tree with leaves 



from the wims of 



2. Sapindus "(i?^V/i/(fj) foliis 'quaterno-pmnatis 'rtgidis 



; acutis. Sopeberry-tree, with winged l^aves^ which are cdm- 



-rpofed of four ftiff acute-pointed lohs^ff, 'J^'"}'' ':!;.; ^ 



' 3. Sawndus {Pinnatus) foliis pinhatis liipe^rne' alternis, 



lobis ovato-obtongis. Sopeberry-tree with winged leaves^ 



whofe upper lobes are placed alternate. " ' ' / ;' . ; 



" The firft^fort grows naturally in the iflahds "of the 



' Weft-Indies, where it rifes with a Woody ftalk from 



"■^twenty to thirty feet high, fending out many "branches 



- ?''foward the top, which are garnifhed with' winged 

 ■^^llaves, compofed of three, four, or five pair of fpear- 



ihapcrd lobes, which are from three to four inches 



- long; and an inch and a quarter broad in the middle, 

 drawing to points at both ends. The midrib has a 

 membranaceous or leafy border runninp; on each fide 



rom one pair of lobes to the other, which is broadeft 

 in the middle beltween the lobes-, they are of a pale 

 green colour^ ''and 'are pretty ftiff-, the flowers are 



^ produced in loofe fpikes af the end of the branches ; 



^^^^,they are-fmall and White, make' no great ^appear- 



A 



ance. Thefe are fuccecded by oval berries a^ larcrc as 

 middling Cherries, fometimes fingle, at others ^two 

 three, or four are joined together*, tiv.Tc have a fa- 

 ponaccousflvin or cover v/hich inck^fcs a very fmcoth 

 roundifli nut of the lame form, and of a fliinino- black 

 w^hen ripe. Thcle nuts were formerly brought to 

 England for buttons to waiftcoats, fome were tipped 

 with filyer, and others with diil'ercnt metals ; they 

 were very durable, as they did not v^ear, and ftrldom 

 broke. The fl^inorpulp which furrounds the nuts 

 is ufed in America to wafli linen, but it is very apt to 

 burn ahd dcftroy it, if often ufed, beino- of a very 

 acrid nature. 



The fecond fort was difccvered by the late Dr. Houf- 

 toun, growing naturally at La Vera Cruz in New- 

 Spain ; this hath a ftrong woody ftalk which rifes 

 about twenty feet high, fending out m.anyfliort, ftrono-, 

 ligneous branches, which are covered with a fmooth 

 gray bark, and are garniflied with winged leaves, 

 compofed of two pair of fpear-fliaped lobes which are 

 very ftift' and fmooth ; the inner pair are frhall, bein 

 feldom more than an inch and a half long, and half 

 an inch broad in the middle ; the two outer lobes are 

 near three inches long, and almoft an inch broad in 

 the middle, drawing to points at both ends , they are 

 oblique to the foot-ftalk, the midrib running much 

 nealxr to the border oh bHe fide •, they are of a pale 

 green, and fit clofe to the midrib, which has no bor- 

 der or wing like the other. The end of the branches 

 are divided into tv/o or three foot-ftalks, each fuftain- 

 ing a loofe fpike of flowers like thofe of the other fort; 

 thefe are fucceeded by roundifli berries Tike thofe of 

 thefoi-mer, but there are generally two, three, or 

 four 6f them joined together.^ 

 The third fort grows naturally in India ; this rifes with 

 ' a ftrait jointed ftem to the height of twenty feet, 

 ; fending out fome lateral branches at the top, covered 

 ■'With a pale fmooth. bajk, which are garnifhed with 

 winged leaves €0mp6fe3 oT eight or ten pair of ob- 

 " long oval lobes, each near four incjhes^ long, and an 

 - irich and a Half broad at their bafe, of a' light greea 

 ■ jcolotir, 1iavihgV% ffioH'foot-ft^^^ the 



rr 



( . 



lower part of the midrib are ranged oppofite, but on 

 the upper part of the midrib they are alternate, and 

 always end with two lobes. As the plants have not 

 as yet flowered in England, io I can give no farther 

 account of them. 



Thefe plants are propagated by feeds (which 'muft be . 

 obtained from the countries where they naturally grow, 

 for they '"have not produced fruit in Europe ;) the 

 feeds muft be put into fmall pots filled with rich frefh 

 earth, and plunged into a hot-bed of tanners bark. - 

 The pots muft be frequently watered, otherwife the 

 berries, whofe outer cover is very hard, will not ve- 

 getate. ' In five or fix weeks the plants will appear, 

 when the glafl^es of the hot-bed fliould be raifed every 



- -' 



—fi 



day m warm weather to admit frefh air to the plants. 

 In a month or fix weeks after the plants appear they 

 will be fit to' tranfplant, when they muft be Ihaken 

 out of tRe pb'fs, and carefully parted, fo as not to in- 

 jn're'thtir' roots, and each planted into a feparate fmall 

 pot filled. with light rich earth, and then plunged into 

 the hot-bed again, obfe'rving to Aade them from tTie 

 fun' eveVy day until they have taken new root ; after 

 which time they muft have free air admitted to them 

 every day when the weather is warm, and will require 

 to be frequently watered. , ,. i'. 



After the plants are well rooted, they will make great 

 progrefs, lb as to fill thefe pots with their roots in a 

 few'w^eks time, therefore they fliould be fl^ifted into 

 larger pots, and as the plants advance, they fhould 

 be inured to bear the open air by degrees \ for if they 

 are forced too much in fummer, they feldom live 

 thro* the winter, efpecially the firft and fecond forts, 

 which are very fubjedt to be loft in the firft winter. I 

 have frequently raifed thefe plants from feeds to the 

 height of two feet In one fummer, and the leaves or 

 thefe plants have httn a foot and a half in length, lo 

 that they made a fine appearance ;.^but,_ thefe plants 



■did not furvive the winter, whereas thofe which were 



^ expofed 



I 



' - 



