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purple colour with a mixture of green-, the feed-vef- 

 lels are fmail and roundilli. This flowers at the fame 

 tiine with the former. 



The tenth fort grows naturally in Crete ; this hath a 

 root compoledof tlefhy fibres. The lower leaves are 

 broad and jagged, not much unlike thofe of the In- 

 dian Scabious -, the ftalks rife near three feet high j 

 they are four-cornered, green, and fmooth, and'are 

 garniihed with winged leaves having very long fooc- 

 liralks ; they are compofed of two or three pair of 

 fmall lobes, terminated by a large one, v/hich] are 

 acutely indented on their edges, and end in fharp 

 points. The ftalks are terminated by (lender bunches 

 of flowers which are fituated fparfedly •, they are fmall, 

 of a purpliih colour at their rims, and are edged with 

 white; they are fucceeded by fmall roundiOa fecd- 

 veflcis filled with very fmall feeds. It flowers in June, 

 and the feeds ripen in September. 





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The eleventh fort grows naturally in the kingdom of 

 , Naples, where it is frequently found upon rocks and 

 . old fl:one wails ; this is a biennial plant, which pe- 

 . rifhes after it has produced ripe feeds." The ftalks 

 : rife fifteen inches high • they are thick, fmo6t?i, and 

 have fcarce any corners ; the leaves are winged, nar- 

 . row, and of a lucid green ; they are thick, fucculent, 

 . and divided into many fmall lobes which "are again 

 . divided, and are wing-pointed ; the flowers are pro- 

 duced in loofe bunches on the fides and at the top of 

 . the ftalk ; they are of a dark brown colour, with a 

 mixture of green, and are fucceeded by pretty large 

 roundifli capfules, filled with "angular dark-coloured 

 feeds. It flowers about the fame time as the former 



■ fort. 



. The twelfth fort groves naturally in the Levant ; this 

 .hath a perennial creeping root. The ftalks rife two 

 ' feet and a half high; their lower parts are clofelygaf- 

 . nifhed with fpear-ft)aped leaves which are fliarply faw- 

 . ed, and cut at bottom; the upper part of the ftalk 

 . is garnifhed with compound bunches of fmall brown 

 . Bowers which appear in May, and are fucceeded by 

 Imall roundifh capfules filled with fmall feeds, which 



■ ripen in July. ^ . ^ - 



- The thirteenth fort grows naturally in Helvetia ; this 

 . is a biennial plant, which flowers and produces feeds 



the fccond year, and tlien decays. The lower leaves 

 .. of this fort, are four or five inches long, and three 

 i -broad; they are heart-ftiaped, hairy, and of a pale 

 . green colour. The ftalks rife^ three feet high, and 

 * are garniftied with fmaller leaves," of the fame fliape 

 ^ ^vith thofe at bottom, placed by threes round the ftalk ; 

 ^ < the flowers ftand upon pretty long foot-ftalks ;' tHree 

 J of thefe come out at each joint round the ftalk, and 



fupport clufters of pretty large flowers of a pale yel- 

 , low colour ; thefe appear in April, and are fucceeded 

 :■ by large oval capfules filled with fmall feeds,which ri- 



- pen in June. 



- The fourteenth fort Is a biennial plant which grows 

 / naturally in Italy. The leaves of this are h'eart-ftiap- 



. ed, ending in acute points, and are fawed on their 

 edges ; they are of a lucid green, and on the upper 

 part of the ftalk are placed alternate ; the foot-ftalks 

 of the flowers come out at the wings of the leaves ; 

 thefe each fuftain two or three flowers, which are of 

 ; a dark red or purple colour ; they appear in May and 

 . June, and the feeds ripen in July and Auguft, after 

 . ^which the plants die. ^ 

 The fifteenthfortgrows haturallyin theLevant,and al- 



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fo upon Gibraltar hill ; this is a biennial plant, general- 

 ly dying foon after the feeds are ripe. The lower leaves 

 : of this fort are doubly winged, and the Tegments are 

 :. varigufly cut and indented ; the ftalk is flender, and 

 \ riles three feet high, the lower part of which is gar- 

 niflicd with fmaller winged leaves, of a lucid green, 

 which are indented and fit clofe to the ftalks ; the up- 

 per part has very flender bunches of fmall flowers, 

 : coming out of the fide-quite to the end of the branches. 

 ; The flowers are thinly ranged, they are very fmall, 

 and of a purple colour with white borders ; thefe 





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proved warm, they will produce no good feeds iri 



England. 



The fixteenth fort grows naturally in Portugal, v/hcre 

 the ftaks become woody, but in England they are 

 generally killed in winter, unlefs the plants are pre- 

 lerved in (helter ; the ftalks are garnifhed with fpear- 

 fliaped leaves which are bluntly fawed on their bor- 

 ders ; the flowers are produced from the fide of the 

 ftalks, where at each joint come out two foot-ftalks. 

 This hath dark herbaceous flo\Vers which appear in 

 June, and the feeds ripen in autumn. 

 The feventeenth fort grows naturally in Maryland ; 

 this hath a pcrenmal fibrous root. ' The ftalks are 

 four-cornered ; the leaves are heart-fliaped, fliarply 

 fawed on their edges, and rounded at their bafe ; the 

 flowers are produced in bunches on the upper part 

 of the ftalk, and are like thofe of the firft fort, but 

 are of an herbaceous colour. This flowers in June 

 ' and July, and the feeds ripen in autumn.' 

 The eighteenth fort was difcovered by the late Dr. 

 Houftoun, growing naturally at La Vera Cruz in 

 New Spain ; this is a biennial plant. The' ftalk rifes 

 two feet high, and is garniflied with oval acute-point- 

 ed leaves which are fawed on their edges, and fit clofe 

 ^to the ftalks; thofe at the bottom and top' of the 

 ■ ftalk are jplaced by pairs, but in the middle there are 

 three or four leaves at each joint placed round the 



■ ftalk ; they are of a pale green colour, and at the 



■ top of the ftalk the flowers are produced in roundifli 



bunches ; they are about the fize of thofe of the firft 



fort, and are of a fine fcarlet colour. This fort 



' flowered in the Chelfea Garden, but did not perfedt 

 * its feeds. -.....,.. 



Thefe plants are propagated by feeds, which if fown 



■in thcfpring, the plants feldonirife the farhc feafori. 



; Some of them may come up in autumn, and others 



the fpring following; Vut, if they' are fown in au- 



■ tumn, foon after they are ripe, tlie plants 'will come 

 up the fpring following. Thefe feeds may be moft of 

 them fown in the place where the plants are to remain, 

 for the plants are in general all of them hardy 



'enough to bear the cold of our ordinary winters in 

 the open air (except the laft fort, which is tender;) 

 therefore when the plants come up, they will require 

 no other care but to thin them where they are too 

 clofe, and keep them clear from weeds. Thefecond 

 year the plants will flower and produce ripe feeds j 

 after which thofe forts which are biennial will die, but 

 *' -the others will continueTomeyearsr'*' '^^' -- -^- - 



J Tfe? feventh and eighth forts are ornamental plants, 



'•''fo may be allowed to have a place in the plcafurc^ar- 



den, where, when'^the 'plants are ftrong, they will 



' make ;i good appearahce during their continuance irf 



■ . flower, which generally lafts two months, ' ijnlefs the 



- fca:f6n proves very hot and 'dry! ''""The roots of thefe 

 ;■' forts will abide many yekrs," unlefs by a very fevere 



-winter they are deftroyed ; therefore it will be proper 

 ■ to put fome of thefe plants in pots, which may be 



- flielteredundera common Frame in winter^ but, as 

 young plants flower ftrongerthan the old ories/ there 

 fhould be a fucceflion of them annually propagated 

 by feeds. ■■ '■ ■ ■ . •• 



The other forts are proper furniture for botanic gar- 

 dens, but are feldofn cultivated in any other. The 

 ninth, tehth, eleventh,'andfixteenth forts Ihould have 

 a dry foil, for as they naturally grow'upoh rocks ancf 

 old walls, if they are in good ground, "the plants will 

 grow vigorous in fummer, and thereby will be fo. re- 

 plete with moifturc,'as that theyVre often killed by 

 ordinary frofts, or rot with wet in winter; whereas in 

 a poor dry foil, they are feldom injured by the cold in 

 England. . 



The laft fort is too tender to live through' the winter 

 in the open air in this country, but the feeds fliould 

 be fown in pots in autumn, which may be flielter- 

 ed under a common frame in winter, and in the 

 fpring plunged into a moderate hot-bed, which will 

 bring them up. When thefe are fir to rpmmrp ^c 



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June and July, but unlefs the autumn many of them as are required fliould be planted into 



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