• > 





SEN 



foot-ftalks, each fuftaining one crCift flower compof- 

 edof feveral hermaphrodite florets in the center, and 

 a few female florets from the rays or border. They 

 are yellow, and appear in June and July, and the feeds 

 ripen in autumn, which are crowned with down. 

 It is propagated by offsets, which come out in plenty 

 from the root; thefe may be fcparatcd in autumn, 

 and planted in an eafl: border of loamy earth, allowing 

 tach plant two feet room to fpread. When they have 

 taken new root, they will require no other care but 

 to keep them clean from weeds. 

 The fourth fort grows naturally in Africa ; this hath 

 an herbaceous perennial fl:alk, which branches out at 

 the bottom, and rifes about two feet and a half hicrh, 

 garnifhed at bottom with narrow leaves, which are 

 feven or eight inches long, finuated on' the fides 

 fo as to refcmble winged leaves, and are alfo in- 

 dented. The upper leaves are fmaller, and embrace 

 the ftalks ; they are very clammy, and ftick to the 

 fingers on being handled ; the upper part of the fl:alk 

 divides into feveral very long foot-fl:alks, each fuftain- 

 . ing one yellow radiated flower. Thefe plants conti- 

 nue in flower mofl: part of the fummer, and the feeds 

 fometimes ripen in autumn. 



This is propagated by cutting off^ the fide flioots in 

 any of the fummer months, and planting them in a 

 fhady border, v^here in five or fix weeks they will take 

 root, and may then be taken up and planted in pots, 

 placing them in the fhade till they liave new roots ^ 

 then they may be removed to an open fituation, ob- 

 ferving to water them duly in dry weather, and in 

 winter they muft be placed under a frame, where they 

 may be fcreened from hard froft, for they will not 

 live abroad through the year here. 

 The fifth fort grows naturally at the Cape of Good 

 Hope ; it is an annual plant, which hath many herba- 

 ceous branching ftalks that rife near three feet high, 

 garnifhed with equal wing-pointed leaves which fpread 

 , flat. The flowers are produced in bunches on the top 

 of the {lalks ; they are large and radiated, the border 

 or rays being of a beautiful purple colour, and the 

 middle or difk yellow. Thefe plants flower from July 

 till the froft ftops them, and make a fine appearance. 

 The feeds ripen in autumn, which, if permitted to 

 ' fcatter, there will be plenty of plants rife the fpring 

 ■ following without care-, they may be alfo fown upon 

 a bed of earth in the fpHng, aridwKen the plants are 

 iSt to remove, they may be tranfplanted about the 

 borders of the flower-garden. If fome of the plants 

 are planted in pots and houfed in winter, they may 

 be prcferved till fpring. --'■■■' v ' , - . ', 

 The fixth fort grows naturally on the Alps and Pyre- 

 nees; ^ this hath a perennial root and ah'annual ftalk. 

 The root is compofcd of a great number of long flen- 

 der fibres which llrike deep in the ground, and fpread 

 on every fide; the ftalks rife two feet high, and be- 

 come a little ligneous in autumn ; they are garnifhed 

 their whole length with very narrow wing-pointed 

 kaves, refembling thofe of Hogs Fennel ; the flowers 

 are produced in bunches on the top of the ftalks ; 

 they arc yellow, and have rays or borders refembling 

 thofe of the other fpccies. This fort flowers in June 

 and July, and the feeds ripen in autumn. 

 It is propagated by feeds, which ftiould be fown up- 

 on a bed of loamy earth, where it is expofed only 

 to the morning fun, where the plants will rife better* 

 than in a warmer fituation. When the plants are fit 

 to remove, they may be tranfplanted on a ftiady bor- 

 der, where they may remain till autumn, obferving 

 to keep them clear from weeds all the fummer; then 

 they fhould be tranfplanted to the places where they 

 are to remain. The following fummer the plants will 

 flower and produce ripe feeds, and the roots will 

 continue, if they are in a ftiady fituation and a loamy 

 foil. ' 



The feventh fort grows naturally about Paris, by the 

 fides of waters and in moift meadows. The root is 

 perennial ; the ftalks rife three or four feet high, are 

 clofe channelled, and' garniftied with fword-ftiaped 

 ^aves, five or fix inches long and one broad, which 



SEN 



ft 



ar^.iharply fawcd on their edges, and ar 



their under fide. 



h 







y on 



j uic:r unuer nae. The upper part of the ftalk divides 

 into feveral llcnder foot-ftalks, fuftaining yellow radi- 

 ated flowers which appear in June and July, and the 

 feeds ripen in autumn, foon after which the ftalks de- 

 cay to the root. 



The eighth fort grows naturally oh the Helvetian 

 mountains, and is fometimes found growino- in low 

 marfliy places in the Ifle of Ely ; this hath a'^creeping 

 root, by which it propagates and fpreads wide where*^ 

 ever it is ooceeftabliftied. The ftalks of this rife four 

 feet high, and are garniflied with fmooth fpear-fliaped 

 leaves five inches long, and one and a quarter broad ; 

 they arefawed on their edges, and placed alternate. 

 The flov/crs arc yellow, 'radiated, and produced in a 

 fort of corymbus on the top of the ftalk ; thefe come 

 but in July, and are fucceeded by feeds having down, 

 which ripen in autumn. 



The ninth fort grows naturally in France ; this hath 

 fome refemblance of the eighth, but the root does 

 not creep like that. The leaves are fhorter, and the 

 ferratures on their edges are very fmall ; they em- 

 brace tlie ftalks with their bafe, and end in ftiarper 

 points. The flowers are'produced in larger and loofer 

 • bunches on tlie top of the ftalk, are of a paler yellow 

 colour than thofe^ of the former, and appear about 

 the fame time. 



The tenth fort grows naturally in the Levant, wh^re it 

 was difcovered by Dr. Tournefort, who fent the feeds 

 to the Royal Garden at Paris ; this hath a perennial 

 root and an annual ftalk. The lower leaves are a foot 

 long, four inches broad in the middle, andfomewhat 

 ftiaped like a fcymitar, the midrib being curVed out- 

 ward .toward the point; they are fmooth, andflightly 

 indented on their edges. The ftalk rifes four feet 

 high, and is garniftied with leaves growing fmaller all 

 the -whole length, which embrace it half round with 

 their bafe ; at the top of the ftalk the flowers are pro- 

 duced in a compaft corymbus ; they are of a deep yel- 

 low, and have rays like thofe of the former forts, 

 . which appear about the fame time. 

 Thefe forts are eafily propagated by feeds or parting 

 of their roots ; the latter is generally praftifed when 

 the plant is once obtained, as that is the moft expe- 

 ditious method, efpecially for the eighth fort, whofe 

 roots are apt to fpread and increafe too faft where 

 •':they are hot confined. ^ The beft time to tranfplanC 

 -:• and divide thefe "roots fs in autumn, when their ftalks 

 ' decay, that they may get good root before the fpring. 

 Thefe plants are too large for fmall gardens, fo are 

 proper furniture for Tai^ge borders, in ex ten five gar- 

 dens, or to plant on the fides of woods, where they^ 

 may be allovv^ed room, for they ftiould have at leaft: 

 four feet allowed to each. When thefe are intermixed 

 with other tall growing plants in fuch places, they 

 will add to the variety. * 



If they are propagated by feeds, they fhould be fown 

 on a fhady border in the foring, obferving, ifthefea- 

 fon proves dry, to water the ground from time to time, 

 v/hich will bring up the plants ; thefe muft be kept 

 clean from weeds, and when they are fit to remove, 

 they ftioxild be tranfplanted into beds at a foot diftance, 

 where they may remain till autumn, and then they 

 ftiould be tranfplanted to the places where they are to 

 ftandfor flowering. ■ ■ 



The eleventh fort grows naturally on the Alps ; this 

 is a perennial plant of low growth. The ftalks feldom 

 rife a foot high ; the whole plant is covered with a 

 very white hoary down ; the leaves are winged and 

 indented ; the flowers are collcftcd into a dole round 

 corymbus on the top of the ftalk ; they are of a gold 

 colour, and are radiated ; thefe appear in June, but 

 are rarely fucceeded by good feeds in England. 

 It is propagated by flipping off'the heads in the fprino-, 

 and planting them in a bed of loamy earth in a 

 Ihady fituation, where they v/ill put out roots, and 

 may afterward be tranfplanted into an eaft border, 

 where they may have the morning fun only, for this 

 plant loves a gentle loamy foil, and a fituation not too 

 .much expofed to the fun. The plant having fine 



12 H ' lioary 



