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ting clofe to the flalks. Thefe appear in Maf, and 

 are fucceeded by oblong vilcous capfnles filled with 

 angular feeds, which ripen in J^ly. 

 This forr is eafily propagated by feeds, which, if fown 

 in autumn, will fucceed much better than in the 

 fpring. When the plants come up and are fit to re- 

 move, they Ihould be tranfplanted into a bed of frefh 

 earth, at fix inches diftance, fhading them from the 

 fun, and watering them until they have taken nev/ 

 root •, after which they muft be kept clean from weeds 

 till autumn, when they fhould be tranfplanted to the 

 places where they are defigned to remain for flower- 



ing. When the feeds of this plant happen to fcatter 

 upon a wall, and plants arlfe there, they will condnue 

 much longer than in the ground. 

 The twelfth fort is an annual plant, which grows na- 

 turally in the fouth of France and Italy, but has been 

 many years cultivated in the Englifh gardens, from 

 whence the feeds have fpread out upon walls and 

 buildings fo far, as to induce fome to believe it a na- 

 tive of England. 



There are three varieties of this, which generally re- 

 tain their differences ; one has a bright purple flower, 

 the other a pale red, and the third a white flower ; thefe 

 do not differ in any other refpeft, fo cannot be reck- 

 oned as different fpecies. * 



The ilalks grow ereft a foot and a half high ; the 

 lower leaves are broad, oblong, and fmooth, and fit 

 clofe to the flalks ^ the firalk, for more than an inch 

 in length below each ftalk is fo glutinous, that the 

 fmall flies which light thereon are faflened and cannot 

 get off again, from whence it had the title of Catch- 

 fly.' The flowers grow in bunches at the top of the 

 ftalk ; they fl:and ereft, forming a kind of umbel. 

 Thefe appear in June, and are fucceeded by flcnder 

 oblong capfules, filled with angular feeds which ripen 



in Auguft. 



Thefe feeds ftiould be fown in autumn, for thofe which 

 are fown in the fpring often fail ; and if the plants do 

 cortie up, they never grow fo large, or makefo good 

 appearance as the autumnal plants. 



- The thirteenth fort is biennial ; this grows naturally 

 in Sicily and Crete i the lower leaves of this plant are 



'" obtufe, and are gathered in circular heads like fome 



- of the Houfeleeks, or thofe of the Auricula ; they are 

 ^- fmooth, and of a pretty thick confiftence. The ftalks 

 '■'rife five or fix feet high ; they' are vifcous, and are 

 ' -garniflied with Ipear^fhaped leaves placed oppofite. 

 •^ The flowers come out upon fliort foot-ftalks from the 



wings of the ftalks in wKorls, eafcTi foot-ftalk fuf- 

 -' taining three or fourgreenifli flowers ; thefe are fuc- 



- ceeded by oval capfules which fpread open at the top, 

 and are filled with angular feeds. 



I 



\ - 





V^ 



If the feeds of this pjant are fown in autumn upon a 

 warn) border, they will more'certainly fucceed than 

 thofe fown in tKe^ring. > When the plants^ come up 

 and are fit to remove, they fliould be planted on a dry 

 foil and in a warm fituation, where they will live 

 ^-'through the winter^'^aiad the following fummer they 

 fc-' t?ill flower and ripen their feeds, and ihen^ecay.'^ S 

 ^^*-The fourteenth fort grows naturally in the Levant ; 

 this has a perennial root j the lower leaves are narrow, 

 fpear-fhaped, and fmooth ; they are gathered in cluf- 

 tered heads, from the middle of which rifes an el-eft 

 ^1^^ 'clammy ftalk a foot and a half high, garnilhed with 

 --y very narrow leaves./ The flowers come out from the 

 ^'^* wings of the leaved toward the top of the ftalk' V their 

 *^'^ foot-ftalks are ftiort, 'and each fuftains two white 

 flowers having long tubes, ftanding ere£l ; the flowers 

 are'clofed in the day, and expand at night.??t This 

 ' flowers in July, but rarely produces ripe feeds in 

 *'-^ England,^' ■■;*'- ,^ -^- -'-■ "-- • f'-" "^^ *■ m -.-fi-i 

 As the feeds feldom ripen here, fo it is difficult to 

 ''prop'agate it : the only way Is to flip off the heads in 

 June, and plant them under a glafs ;' thefe will take 



- root, if they are fhaded from the fun and duly wa- 



- fered. ~ ■^* -^ -v^'a -■., 



SILER; ' SccLaserpitium ' ■ ' -• 3' 





.>V 



*( 4 



, '* 





QU 



See Ceratonia. 



QU AS T R U M. See Cercis. 



tLrces 



s i 



r 



S I L I QJJ O U S, arc plants whofe feeds are In a hufk^ 

 pod, or fliell. 



SILPHIUM. Lin. Gen. Plant. 882. Chryfanthc- 

 mum. Mor. Hift. 3. Baftard Chryfaadiemum. 



The Characters are, 

 ne common cnipalement of the fio'ujer is oval, imhricatcd, 

 and permanent *, the fcales are ovaU prominent, and re- 

 fexed in the middle. The dijk of the flovjcr is ccmpcjcd 

 of hermaphrodite fiorets which are inbulous, of one kat\ 

 indented in five parts at the top. Thefe have five Jhcri 

 hair-like fiaimna^ terminated by cylindrical fummits, ajid 

 a flender taper germen fupporting a long hai'ry flyle, 

 crowned by a Jingle Jligma -, tkefc are barren. The rays 

 of the flower are compofed of a few female half floret s^ 

 which ar-e long, fpear-fhaped, and for the mofi part have 

 three indentures at their points \ thefe have a heart-flmped 

 germen with a fhort fingle ftyl^^ having two briftly ftig- 

 mas of the fame length. Thefe are fucceeded by Jingle 

 heart'fhaped feeds with a membranaceous border, indented 

 at the top, each point ending with a horn or toothy and 

 are feparated hy linear chaff, ripening in the empalcment. 

 This genus of plants is ranged in the fourth feftion 

 of Linnsius's nineteenth clafs, which includes thofe 

 plants whofe flowers have their male and female parrs 

 connefted, and their hermaphrodite flowers are bar- 

 ren, but the female are fruitful; 

 The Species are, 



1. SiliPHiuM {Trifoliattmi) foliis tcrnis. Roy. Prod. Leyd. 

 181. Silphium with leaves by threes at a joint. Chry- 

 fanthemum Virginianum, foliis afperis tribus vel qua- 

 ternis ad genicula fitis. Mor. Hill. 3. p. 24. Virgi- 

 nian Corn Marygold, with rough leaves placed by 

 or fours at a joint. - . ...> 



2. Silphium (Afterifcus) foliis indivifisfeffdibus oppofi- 

 tis inferioribus alternis. Lin. Sp. Plant. 920. Silphium 

 with undivided leaves fet oppofite clofe to the flalks, whofe 

 lower leaves are alternate. • Afterifcus corona folis fo- 

 lio & facie. Hort. Elth. 42. Afterifcus with the leaf and 

 appearance of Sunflower, - ^ 



3. Silphium {Solidaginoides) foliis oppofitis 'lanceolatis 

 petiolatis acute ferratis. Lin. Sp. 1302. Silphium with 

 fpear-fhaped flawed leaves having foot-flalks. Chryfan- 

 themum Marianum virg^ aurca^ Americanse foliis, 

 florum petalis tridentatis. Pluk. Mant. 46. Maryland 

 Corn Marygold, with an American Golden Rod leaf, and 

 the petals of the flower indented in three parts. 



4. Silphium [Arborefcens) foliis lanceolatis alternis fca- 



bris, obfolete ferratis caule fruticofo, Silphium with 



rough fpear-Jhaped leaves placed alternate, which have 



flight flawed edges, ^dUd'a Jbrubby ftalk, * Corona folis 



Americana arborefcens, flore parvo luteo, femine ala- 



to. Houft. MSS, ' Tree American Sufiflower^ with a 



*Jmall yellow flower and a winged' feed., ^J'^^^'^h^:^" v-,:- ^ 



,The firfl: fort grows naturally in many parts of North 



-.America ; the root is perennial and ligneous, the 



■'ftalks are annual \ thefe rife five feet high or more in 



good land,' they are of a purplilh colour, and branch 

 ^toward the top. The leaves are obbng, rough, anji 



have fome fliarp teeth on their edges ; they are from 



-.three to four inches long, dnd almofl: two broad ; to- 



iward the bottom of the ftalk they ftand by fours 



round it at each joint ; higher up they are by threes, 

 '"and at the top by pairs, fitting clofe to the ftalks. The; 



flowers ftand upon pretty long foot-ftalks, each fuf- 



. taining one flower, whofe empalement is compofed of' 



-jvthree orders of leaves 'placed imbricatim, like the 



fcales of fifli, the outer order bdng the fmalleft. The 



ray or border of the flower is compofed of thirteen 

 ^female half florets, which are yellow, tongue-fliaped, 



and indented in three points at the end. Thedifkor 

 ■ middle of the flower is made up of hermaphrodite tu- 



bulous flowers, which are flightly cut into five parts 



at the top; thefe have five ftamina and a ftyle con- 

 ' ne(5led togethei-', which are longer than the tube of the 



floret/. 'This plant flowers in July and Auguft, and 



when the autumn proves warm, it will produce ripe 



lceds.^^ ^ • ' -^ '^'^^ ^r' 





ii. 



« \ 



' It is propagated by parting of the roots, in the fame 



• way as is praftifed for the perennial Sun-flowers ; the 



beft time for this is in autumn, v;hen their ftalks be- 



' * gin 



1 ■ 



I 





