J 



The roots of this plint are com- j The n,n\ fort is ilu 



pofcd of thick flcfhy knots lOiHcrwh^t like Lhole of 

 the King's Spear. 



Thcfe two lafc nicntioncil forts niay be cultivated by 



feeds, which flioukl be fown in autumn, for thofe 



which are fown in the fj^rin^ fekloni grow the firJl 



year. The planes require no other culture than to 



cm 



thin them where they are too clofe, and keep the 

 clean from weeds ^ they both delight in a moift foil 

 and a fhady fituation, wliere the roots will continue 



fcveral years. 

 SISYMBRIUM. Tourn. 



Infl:. R. H. 22;. tab. 



109. Lin. Gen. Plant. 728. Water CreiTes. 

 The Characters are. 



/lower has a fpreadiKg cnipakmcnt ccmpcfed cf ft 



has 



r. 



fpear-JI: 





J 



fall off 

 form cf a crofs 



djix ftamtna^ four of which are longer than the em- 



hy fingle fu 



^ppofttCy are f: 



Ji 



fcarce any fiyle^ crowned by an cbtufe 

 ifterward becomes a taper ^ oblong 



incurved pod having two cells^ opening with two valves 

 which are fijcrter than the intermediate partition, and 

 filled with f mall feeds. 



Hiis genus of plants is ranged in the fecond feflion 

 of Linna^us's fifteenth clafs, which contains thofe 

 plants wliofe flowers have four long and two fhortcr 

 Itamina, and the feeds are included in pods. 

 The Species arc. 



Sisymbrium {Nafluriium aqitaticmn) filiquis declina- 

 tis, foliis pinnatis, foliolis fubcordatis. Flort. Cliff. 



6. Sifymbrium with decllninz pods^ and z 





ofe lobes are almofi heart fh 



' pods, and winged leaves 



ped, Nafturtium aqua- 



ticum lupinum. C. B. i^ 104. JVater Crefs. 



Sisymbrium {Sylvefire) filiquis declinatis, foliis pin- 



natis, foliolis lanceolatis ferratis. Hort. Cliff. ^3^. 



Sifymbrium with declining pods ^ and winged leaves having 



fpear-fljaped fawed lobes. Erucapaluftris, nafturtii fo- 





lio, filiqua oblonga. 

 Crefs leaf 



Marfh 



3. Sisymbrium {Amphibium) filiquis declinatis, oblon- 

 go-ovatis, foliis pinnatifidis ferratis. Lin. Sp. Plant. 



Sifymbriiin 



'd fawed 



Raphanus aquaticus, foliis 



- V - — -- 



in profundas laciniasdrvlfis. G. B. P. i^^: Water Ra- 



dijh with leaves deeply cut. ' ' * ~ 



4 



SiSYMBJl 



ferratis. 1 



' h 



Sifyn\ 



m 



finale 



in- 



dented^ faived leaves. Raphanus aquaticus alter. C.B. P. 



97 



A 



'difh 



5 



Sisymbrium {Polyceratium) filiquis axillaribus feflili- 

 bus fubulatis aggregatis, foliis repando-dcntatis. 



Pt, 



3. Sifymbrium with awl-fh. 

 iofe to the fialks 



which turn backward. Eryfimum polyceration vel cor- 



Mujlard, 



Many 



6. Sisymbrium (Sophia) petalis calyce minoribus, foliis 

 decompofito-pinnatis. Flor. Succ. Sifymbrium 



fmaller 



the empalementy and decompounded 



zvinged leaves, " Eryfimum fophise diftum. Rail Syn. 

 Ed. 3. p. 298. Hedge Mufl 



weed. 



7 



# 



foliis runcinatis flaccidis. 



• 4 



foliolis fublinearibus integerrimis, pedunculis laxis, 

 Hort. Upfal. 193. Sifymbrium %vith fpear, wing-pointed, 

 flaccid leaves, having linear entire lobes with loofe foot- 

 ftalks. Rapiftrum Italicum filiquis longiflimis. C.B. P. 

 95. Italian Charlock with very long pods, 



8. Sisymbrium {Irio) foliis runcinatis dentatis, nudis 

 caule l^vi eredis, Lin. Sp. Plant. S^<). Sifymbrium 

 with fpear-fhaped, winged, indented leaves, and ere£l 

 pods. Eryfimum latifolium, majus glabrum.. C. B. 

 P. 131. Smooth, greater, broad-leaved Hedge Muflard. 



9. Sisymbrium {StriEliffmum) foliis lanceolatis dentato- 

 ferratis caulinis. Hort. Clifl". 7,^^, Sifymbrium with 

 fpear-fhaped, mnged, indented leaves on theftalks. Hef- 



' peris Iqtea, filiquis fl:ria:iflimis. Tourn. Inft. " 



V ^ 



222. 



'lofcd pods. 



common W.ter Crcf^, ss\.-\ 

 grows narurany in dit.hcs and rills of wat^r in i^'^^' 

 parpot England. Tlie roots of rhi.^ pLmc are com^ 

 poled or a great number of loner fibres whieh fa^v.. 

 themielves to the mud at the botto:Ti of the dirdr' 

 from wiuch ariie feveral Ibdks garnillird with win<> -j 

 leaves, compoled of five or fix pair of lobes, wh^cH 

 are roundilh and aimoll hcai--ih.i]K'd, terminated h- 

 an odd one; thefe lland almoll alternate alona iV 

 midrib. The fialks rife a foot and a half hic^hf thcv 

 are hollow, channelled, and divide at the '^top iruo 

 two or three branches, which are terminated by lool- 

 fpikes ot fmall white flowers, compofcd of four petals 

 placed in form of a crofs •, thefe appear the be^innin^ 

 of June, and are fucceeded by taper pods filled with 

 fmall brown feeds which ripen in July, 

 l^his plant has of late years been generally ufed as a 

 fallad herb in the fpring of the year, and is by many 

 preferred to all other forts of faliads for the agreeable 

 warm bitter tafte, and, being accounted an elccellenc 

 remedy for the fcurvy, and to cleanfe the blood, as 

 alfo a good diuretic, it has greatly obtained a prcfe- 

 rence to mofi; other herbs for winter and fpring ufc 

 with mofi; people. This is generally gathered in the 

 ditches, and in other fcanding waters near London, 10 

 fupply the markets ; but whoever has a mind to cul- 

 tivate it may eafily do it, by taking fome of the plants 

 from the places of their natural growth early in the 

 fpring, being careful to preferve their roots as entire 

 as pofilble, and plant them into mud, and then let 

 the water in upon them by degrees. When they'havc 

 taken root, they will foon flourifh and fpread over a 

 large compafs of water i they fhould not be cut the 

 firftfeafon, but fuffered to run to feed, which will 



fall into the water, and furnifli a fufficient fupply of 

 plants afterwards. 



But where the water is fo deep that it will not be 

 eafy to plant them, the bcfl: method will be to get a 

 quantity of the plants juft as their feeds arc ripening, 

 and throw them on the furface of the water where 

 they are defigned to grow, and their feeds will ripen, 

 and fall to the bottom, where they will take root, and 

 produce' a Tupply of thefe plants. - Thefe plants pro- 

 duce feed in July, which is the proper time for this 

 work. 



Some of thofe people who gather this herb for ufc, 

 either through ignorance, or fome worfe defign, 

 have frequently taken the creeping Water Parfncp 

 and fold it for Water Crefs, whereby many perfons 

 have fuffered who have eaten it -, therefore thofe 

 who make ufe of Water Crefs, fhould be careful to 

 have the right plant ; they may be eafily diftinguifh- 

 ed by the fliape of their leaves, thofe of the Water 

 Crefs having roundifia, almofi heart-fhaped fmall 

 leaves or lobes, with a few indentures on their edges, 

 and are of a dark green colour, but thofe of the Wa- 

 ter Parfnep have oblong lobes ending in points ; they 

 are of a light green, and fawed on their edges. 

 The fecond fort grows naturally on the borders of the 

 river Thames, and in fome other parts of England. 

 The leaves of this fort are longer than thofe of the 

 firft ; the lobes are much narrower, and are fawed on 

 their edges ; the flowers fl:and upon longer foot-ftalks, 

 arid are much fmaller. This fpreads and multiplies 

 in the fame manner as the firft. 

 The third and fourth forts grow naturally on the banks 

 of the Thames, and in ditches in many parts of Eng- 

 land, fo are not admitted into gardens. -•- 

 The fifth fort grows naturally in the fouth of France 

 and Italy; it is an annual plant, whofe ftalks fpread 

 and decline toward the ground j they grow a foot 

 long, and divide into many branches, which are 

 garnilhed with fmooth leaves fhaped like the point 

 of a halbert, deeply finuatcd on their borders, and 

 indented, whofc indentures turn backward. Ihe 

 flowers come out in clufters at the wings of the ftalk ; 

 they are fmall, yellow, and are fucceeded by flender 



June and July 

 I September. 



The 



- ' - 



