N O 



Tlic fourti: fort grows naturally in Crete ; the lower 

 leaves of tliis are fmaller than thofe of the firil fort, 

 and are more like thofe of Smallafze-, the italk rifes 



big 



her, 



and grows more erecl than thofe of the firft •, 



the leaves on the lower pare of the ftalk are large, and 

 fawed on their edges ; they (land by threes round 

 the ftalk at the joints •, their bafe fctclofe, having no 

 foot-ftalks ; the upper part of the ftalk and branches 

 are garniftied with leaves of the fime form, which 

 ftand by pairs. The umbels of flowers are much 

 fmaller, and the feeds are lefs. 

 Thefe forts are moft of them biennial, perifhing after 

 their feeds are ripe •, they flow^er in June, and their 



feeds ripen in Auguft. 



The firft of thefe forts is that ordered by the college 



for medicinal ufe, but is feldom now prefcribed ; and 





called hail 



O 



leave ftrait pores between one another, and i 

 out the matter of lii^ht. 

 But when it happens, that the region of the air under 

 the cloud is very cold, the drops oi* rain arc con<^caIcJ 

 as they fall, and come down in lumps, whicli arc 



and thcfc lumps are greater or Icfs, ac- 

 corehng to the bignefs of the rain drops of which they 

 are formed, and thefe lumps of hail are alfo varioiifiy 

 figured. 



Dr. Grew, in a difcourfe of the nature of Snow, ob- 

 ferves, that many parts thereof are «f a regular figure, 

 for the moft part, being, as it were, fo many little 

 rowels or ftars, of perfeft tranfparent ice ; upon each 

 of which points are fet other collateral points, at the 

 fame angles as the main points them.felves ; amcngft 

 thefe are divers other irregular, which are chicHy 



at prefent is feldom cultivated in gardens, though I broken points and fragments of the regular ones ; 



formerly it was greatly ufed in the kitchen, before 

 Celery was fo much cultivated, which hath taken 

 place of Alexanders, and entirely fupplanted it. The 

 other forts are preferved in botanic gardens for vari- 

 but may either of them be cultivated for the ufe 



The fecond fort is much preferable 



V^-i 







ety 



of the kitchen.' 



to the firft for blanching, as I have tried, and will be 



tenderer, and not quite fo ftrong. 



All thefe plants may be propagated by fowing their 



feeds upon an open fpot of ground in Auguft, as foon 



as they are ripe -, for if they are preferved till fpring, 



they often mifcarry, or at leaft do not come up until 



the fecond year ; whei-eas thofe fown in autumn rarely 



fail of coming up in the fpring, and will make much 



ftronger plants than the other. 



The common forti when cultivated for the table, 



Jhould be treated in the following manner : 



In the fpring the plants ftiould be hoed out, fo as to 



leave them ten inches or a foot apart each way 5 and, 



during the following fummer, they muft be conftantly 



cleared from weeds, which, if permitted to grow 



amongft them, will draw them tip flender, and render 



them good for little. In February following the plants 



will {hoot up again vigorouny, at which time the earth 



muft be drawn up to each plant, to blanch them, and 



in three weeks after they will be' fit for ufe, when 



they may be dug up, and the white part preferved, 



which may be ftewed and eaten as Celery. • . > ...... 



SNA P-D R A G O N. See Antirrhinum. 

 SNEEZWORT. :^ee Achille av r -d 

 SNOW is defined to be a rnetebr formed in the mid- 

 dle region of the air, of vapour raifed by the aftion of 

 the fun, or fubterraneous fire there congealed, its 

 parts conftipatcd, its fpecific gravity increafed, and 

 thus returned to the earth in the form of little villi or 



■ 



flakes. 



The Snow we receive may properly enough be af- 



^ . cribcd to the coldnefs of the atmofpherc through 

 /which it falls •, when the atmofphere is waifm enough 

 -to diffolvc the Snow beforc'itarrives at us, we call it 

 ' rain ; if itpreferves itfelf undiflblved, we call it Snow. 

 Snow is very ufeful ; it fruftifiies the ground ; it 

 •guards Corn, or other vegetables from the intenfer 

 cold of the air, efpecially the cold piercing winds. 

 rlt is fuppofed to abound withfalific and fertile parti- 

 cles, as much or more than rain; however, it is ac- 

 .counted more ponderous, and by that means finks 

 ' deeper into the ground than rain does, and therefore 

 ■is in fome cafes of more benefit to planting; for 

 -which reafon, fbmc lay heaps of Snow round the feet 

 rJoftheir'foreft-trees, efpecially in hot burning lands. 

 :'Mohf. le Clerc fays, that fohie parts of a cloud which 

 ihould turn to rain, are fometimes prevented by 



;:the fcold, 'and formed into a confiftence which we call 

 'Snow, which appears to be formed from watery par- 

 . tides, from hence, that when it diffblves,. it. turns into 

 water; fo that we may eafily conceive Snow to be 

 made of watery particles, hardened by cold and ga- 

 thered into flakes, in fuch a manner as to leave large 

 :interftices "between one another; which Snow is not 

 tranfparent^ as the .water, becaufe the more rigid 



others alfo, by various winds, feem to have been thaw- 

 ed, and frozen again into irregular clutters, fo that 

 it feems as if the whole body of Snow were one entire 

 mafs of icicles irregularly figured ; that is, a cloud 

 of vapours being gathered into drops, the faid drops 

 do forthwith defcend, and in their defcent meetin 



or 



with a freezing air as they pafs through a colder reoion, 

 each drop is immediately frozen into an icicle, flioot- 

 ing itfelf forth into feveral points ; butftill continuin 

 to defcend, and meeting with fome intcrmittinji sales 





Ct o 



of warmer air, or by their being continually wafrcd 

 to and fro, touching upon one another, fome are a 

 little thawed, blunted, and ao;ain frozen into clufter 



s* 



flakes 



or entangled, fo as to fall again into what we call 



although Snow is firm ice, and the lightnefs 

 of it is owing to the excefs of its furface, in compa- 

 rifon to the matter contained in it ; as gold itfelf may 

 be extended in furface, till it will ride upon the Icaft 

 breath of air. 



SNOWDROP. SeeGALANTHus, 

 SOIL, See Earth. 



S O L A N O I D E S. See Piercea. 

 SO LA NUM. Toiirn. Infl:. R. H. 14S. tab. 62. Lin. 

 Gen. Plant. 224. [fo called of folari, Lat. to comfort. 



Night- 



becaufe this plant fweetens the humours.] 



* , 



. fliade i, in French, Morelle. 



. ,;«The Characters are, 



: The empalement of the Jlower is permanent^ of one leaf^ 



■■ cut half through into five acute fegments. The flo^jKr 



.'^ has one wheel-Jfjaped petals having a very fijort tube \ 



the hrim is large ^ fpreading^ and five-pointed. It has five 



fmall awl'JJoaped fia^mina^ terminated by oblong fummits 



ivhich fiand together^ and a roundifh germen fupportino- a 



flender fiyle longer than the fiamlna^ crowned by an obtufe 



' ftigma. The germen afterward turns to a rciindifh berry 



with two cells ^ having a co?ivex flefhy receptacle^ and 



filled with roundifij compreffed feeds." ' 



This genus of plants is ranged in the firft fedion of 



'->Linn£eus's fifth clafs, which contains thofe plants 



\ whofe flowers have five ftamina and one ftyle. 



The Species are, 

 t. SoLANUM {Nigrum) caule inermi herbaceo, foliis 



K^ 



o vat is 



dec'emangularibus umbcllis niitantibus. 



Lin- 



* i 



■ r 



\ -5 I 



Sp. 266. Nightfhade with an herbaceous unarmed ftalk^ 



having tena^l^s'dnd nodding U7nbels. ''Sohnum offici- 



narum, acinis nigricantibus. C. B, P. 166. Common 



Jsfightjhade of the fhops with a black fruit. 



2. SoLANUM \Villofum) caule inermi herbaceo ramis te- 



'' 'retibus foliis angulatis, umbellis nutantibus. ,Night- 



. fhade with a woolly^ herbaceous^ unarmed fialky oval in- 



' dented leaves which are taper ^ and noddii^g umbels. 



lanum officinarum, acinis uuniceis. C. B. P. 



^o- 



16C. 



UlS 



particles, being huddled together by chance, do not vbellis nutantibus. 



acmis puniceis. 

 Nightfhade with red fruit. r . . 



3. SoLANUM (Luteum) caiile inermi herbaceo, 

 ovato-lanceolatis acuminatis tomentofis, um.bcllis nu- 

 tantibus. Nightjhade with an herbacectis unarmed ftalk^ 

 cvaly fpear-Jhaped^ acute-pointed^ indented-, woolly leaves^ 

 And nodding umbels. Solanum officinarum, acinis lutein. 

 C. B. P. 166, Nightfioade with yeJk^v berries. 



4. Solanum (Rubrum) caule inermi herbaceo glabro, 

 foliis oblongo-ovatis acuminatis dentatis glabris, um- 



un- 



* • V » >■»* 



< J- -VI 



l-^ ..A 



'■ p.i 



- t , 





F^-' 



» - 



Nightjhade with ^n herbaceous 



- armedy 



• 



^ N -, - - 



