« 



S P 



hv- they are about two in.ches long, and fuflain one 

 frlobular iK-ad of (lowers at the top, of a purphfli red 

 colour-, theie are fucceeded by oblong feeds fituated 

 on the margin, which are naked. 



Mad 



at La Vera Cruz in New Spain, where it was dilco- 

 vercd by the late Dr. Houlloun ; this riles with an 

 herbiceous winged ftalk about ten inches high, gar- 

 nifhed with oval, fpear-lhaped, fawed leaves placed 

 akernately. The upper part of the ftalk branches out 

 into fmall divifions, which are terminated by foot- 

 ftalks fuftaining three or fourglobular flowers of apale 



yellow colour. . i , , 



Thefe are both annual plants, which require a hot-bed 

 to bring them forward in the fpnng, and if the fum- 

 mer proves cold, they muft be kept in a glafs-cafe, 

 other wife they will not ripen feeds here. 



S P H O N D Y L I U M. See Heracleum, 

 SPIGELIA. Lin. Gen. Plant. 192. Arapabaca. 

 Plum. Nov. Gen. 10. tab. 31. Worm Grafs. 



The Characters are, 

 The empalcment of the flower is permanent^ of one leaf 



ntofive acute pints ; it has one fiamel-floaped 





ci'- 



,ft 



to five points at the brim ivhich fpread open. It has 

 ftamina terminated by fingle Jmnmits, and a germcn 

 pofed of two globular lobes, fuppcrting one awl-fJ: 



fi 



fmall feeds 



f the tube, crowned by a fingle fiigma 

 ifterward becomes two globular feed-veffei 

 nned, fitting in the empalement, filled with 



This c^enus of plants is ranged in the firft fecliion of 

 Linnreus's fifth clafs, which contains thofe plants 

 whofc flowers have five ftamina and one ftyle. 



The Species are, 



I. Spigelia {Anthelmia) caule erefto, folus quaternis 



feflllibus, fpicis tenninalibus. Worm-feed with an ere£f 



ftalk, and leaves growing by fours fitting clofe^ to, the 



. ftalks, which are terminated by fpikes of flowers. yArz.- 



pabaca quadrifolia, fruftu ^tefticulato.- Plum. Nov. 



Gen. 1 1 



ejticulated fi 



2 •■ Spigelia {Lonicera) foliis oppofitis ovato-oblongis 

 't^'acuminatisfeffilibus, fpicis terminahbus. Worm Grafs 

 ^-'^4ith oblong acute-pint ed leaves growing oppofite, andfit- 

 ■ ■■• tinz clofe to the flalks, which are terminated by fptkes^ of 

 flowers. L'onlcera fpinis terminalibus, foliis ovato- 

 oblon^is acumlnatis diftinftis femiibus. FIor._ Virg. 



142 



fpikes of fli 



y 



. flailis, and oval, oblong, acute-pointed leaves fitting clofe 

 to the ftalks. .■ 



The firft fort orows naturally in moift places in molt 



of the iflands^'in the Weft-Indies -, this is an annual 



■ plant with a fibrous root, from which arife a ftrong, 



erea herbaceous ftalk a foot and a half high, which 



is channelled, fending out two fide branches oppo- 



fite near the bottom, and a little above the middle is 



garniftied with four oblong, oval, acute-pointed leaves 



placed in form of a crofs round the ftalk ; thefe, and 



alfo the principal ftalk, have four fmaller leaves near 



the top fitting round in the fame manner as the other, 



andfrom'thefe arife fliort fpikes of herbaceous flow- 



. . crs, ranged one one fide the foot-ftalk, which are fuc- 



.^.ceeded by roundifh twin capfules contaimng fmall 



feeds. 



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• ■**' 



<-■ 



> 



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*» - 



This'plant is efteemed the moft efficacious medicine 

 V for the worms yet known, and has been long ufed by 

 . ■ the inhabitants of the Brafils as fuch ; and alfo by the 

 • nearoes, who taught the inhabitants _ of the Britifh 

 . ifialids in America the ufe of it, where it has had great 



fuccefs, and from thence had the appellation of Worm 



r, Grafs given to' it. ■ :, . . „ 



^.A-It is too tender to thrive in the open air in England, 

 •vfo the feeds ftiould be fown in pots filled with loft 

 loamy earth in the autumn, and plunged into the 

 bark-bed in the ftove, where they ftiould remain till 

 the fpring, when they ftiould be plunged into a irefh 

 hot-bed, which will bring up the plants ; thefe muft 

 be afterward planted into feparate pots, and plunged 

 into another hot-bed, and fhadedtiU they have taken 



new root, after which they niuil be treated in [\\c 

 ilimcway as other tender annual phmts iVom tlie fame 

 countries, keeping them conftantly in the hot-bed un- 

 der cover, otherv;ile they will not perte^l; iiieir ieeJs 

 in England. This plant ilowers in July, and the iccdi 

 ripen in September, which Pnould be ibwn loon at'rer, 

 for if they are kept out of the ground till fpring, they 

 frequently faiL 



This plant produces plenty of flowers, and t!ie feeds 

 feeni to be well formed, but thole which are faved in 

 England feldom grow : this may perhaps be occafion- 

 ed by the plants being kept under cover, fo that the 

 farina does not properly impregnate the germen ; 

 whether it is from this caufe, or what other I know 

 not, but I have not been able to raife any plants from 



Englifh feeds. 



The fecond fort grows naturally in North America, 

 where the inhabitants call it Indian Pink, This hath 

 a perennial fibrous root, from which ariie tv/o or three 

 ere6l herbaceous ftalks about feven or eight inches 

 high, garnifl^ied with three or four pair of oval, ob- 

 long, acute-pointed leaves, placed oppofite, fitting 

 pretty clofe to the ftalk , they are fmooth, entire, 

 and have feveral veins which diverge from the mid- 

 rib. The ftalk is terminated by a ftiort fpike of flow- 

 ers, which are ranged on one fide the foot-ftalk ; 

 they have fliort empalements which are cut into five 

 acute fegmicnts. The tube of the flower is long, nar- 

 rov/ at the bottom, fwelling upward much larger, and 

 is cut at the brim into five acute fegments, which 

 fpread open flat ^ the outfide of the flower is of a 

 bright red, and the infide of a deep Orange colour. 

 Thefe appear in July, but the feeds never ripen tere. 

 This plant is ufed in North Am.erica, for the fame 

 purpofes as the other is in the Weft-Indies, and is 

 efteemed as the beft medicine there yet known for 

 the worms. A particular account of the virtues of 

 this plant is mentioned in the firft volume ofithePhi- 

 lofophical EfTays, printed at Edinburgh, communi- 

 cated by Dr. Garden of Carolina. ■ .. • - - 

 This is not eafily propagated in England, for the feeds 

 do not ripen here, and the roots make but flow in- 

 „ ~creafe,fo that the plant is very uncommon in the 

 ;!.' Englifli gardens at prefent ; for although it is fo hardy 

 '.' as to endure the cold of our ordinary winters in the 

 open air, yet, as it does not ripen feeds, the only 

 way of propagating it is by parting of the roots-, and 

 as thefe do not make much increafe by offsets, fo the 

 plants are fcarce. It delights in a moift foil, and muft 

 not be often tranfplanted. .. 



SPINA ALBA. See Mespilus and Crat^gus. 

 SPINACIA. Lin. Gen. Plant. 986. Spinach, or Spi- 



- J 



*- 



L - 



I > - 



-■- 



I. 





\ 



-- 1 



-> * 



nage 



in French, Epinars, 

 The Characters are. 



The flowers are male and female in different 

 male flowers have an empalement: cut into fi 



tufe^ concave feg% 

 five hair-like ft ami 



they have no petals^ but have 



mger than the empalement^ termi- 



fummits ; thefe plants are barren. 



The female flowers have permanent empalements of one 



leaf^ cut into four fegments^ two of which are veryfmalh 



they have no petals^ but a compreffed roundifh germen 



fupporting four hair-like ftyles^ crowned by fingle fligmas . 



The germen afterward turns to a roundifh feed^ which 



is fhut up in the empalements and in fome fpecies are al- 



moft fmooth^ but in others they^ have two or three fharp 



thorns. n r n.- c 



This genus of plants is ranged in the fifth feftion ot 



Linn^us's twenty-fecond clafs, which contains thofe 



plants which have male flowers on different plants 



from the fruit, and the male flowers have five fta- 



mina. 



The Species are, 



. Si'iNACiA (Oleracea) foliis fagittatis^feminlbus aculea- 



tis. Spinach with arrow-pointed leaves and prickly feeds. 



Spinacia vulgaris capfula feminis aculeata. Tourn. 



Inft. 533. Common Spinach with prickly capfules. _ 



2. Spinacia (Glabra) foliis oblongo-ovatis, feminibus 



. glabris. Spinach with oblong ovMl leaves, and fmooth 



6 



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