/ 



H E 



^ailfe them to decay. The plants being thus ma- 

 hagcd^ will continue feveral years^ and produce 

 flowers and feeds annually, from which new plants 

 may be raifed. They delight in a foft loamy foil, 

 and if they are expofed only to the morning fun, 



- they will thrive better than if they have a \varmerfitu- 

 ation, for they endure the cold of our winters very well. 

 The roots of the third fort were formerly ufed in me- 

 dicine, but are now never ordered, being fuppofed to 

 have a poifonous quality. Boerhaave fays it has much 

 the fame qualities as Euphorbium, it burns the bowels 

 and produces a diarrhoea. 



THELIGONUM. Lin. Gen. Plant. 947. Cyno- 

 crambe. Tourn. Cor. 52. tab. 485. Dogs Cabbage. 

 The Characters are, 



. // has male and female flowers on the fame plant. 'The 



. male flowers have a turbinated empalement of one leaf^ cut 



■ into two fegments which turn backward. It has no pe- 

 tal^ but feveral ere£t ftamina the length of the empale- 



■ menty terminated by fingle fummits, . 'The female flowers 

 have a fmall bifid empalement of one leaf^ which is per- 



. manent. It has no petalsy but has a globular germen^ fup- 

 porting a fhort fiyle crowned by an obtufe ftigma. The 

 gerraen aftendard becomes a thick globular capfule zvith 



. one celly inclofing one globular feed. 

 This genus of plants is ranged in the eighth fedion 

 of Linna^us's twcnty-firfl: clafs, which includes the 

 plants whofc flowers have male and female flowers on 

 the fame plant, and the flowers have many itamina; 

 We have but one Species of this genus, viz.. .. 



Theligonum {Cynccrambe.) S^nv, Mox\{^. 129. Cyno- 

 crambe Diofcoridis. C. B. P. 122. Dogs Cabbage of 



ofc 



-• -1 ■ 



This plant grows naturally in the fouth of France, in 

 Italy, and Tartary." It is an annual plant, which de- 

 . cays as foon as the feeds ar^ ripe. The fl:alks trail on 

 the ground like thofe of Cijickweed ; they grow about 

 a foot long; their joints are pretty clofe ; thefe are 

 garniflied with oval acute-pointed leaves. Handing on 

 pretty long fcot-ftalks which are bordered. At each 

 joint is placed one of thefe leaves, and from the fame 

 point come out feveral fmaller leaves of the fame 

 Ihape on (horter foot-fl:alks. The flowers are pro- 

 duced from the wings of the fl:alk in clutters, fitting 

 very clofe ; they are fmall, of an herbaceous white 

 colour, fo make no great appearance. The male and 

 female flowers" grow from the fame joint. The female 

 flowers are fueceeded by a fingle roundifli feed^ which 



■ . 



ripens in autumn, -^.t^.^^ ^.- . - ^^ 

 It is preferved in botanic garderisTor, the fake of va- 

 riety. The feeds of this mutt be fown in autumn, in 

 the place where the plants are to remain 5 for wlYen 

 they are fown in the fpring, the plants rarely come up 

 the fame year. They jequire no other culture but to 

 keen them clean from weeds, 'and thin them where 



they are too clofe. ■..'.,. 

 THEOBROMA. Lin. Gen. Plant. 806. Guazuma. 



Plum. Nov. Gen. 36. tab. 18. Bafiard Cedar,' ', 

 .The Characters are, , .- -. . 



The empalement of the flower is compofed of three oval con- 

 cave leaves which are reflexed. The flower has five oval 

 petals which fpread open^ and are hollowed like a fpoon \ 

 from the top of each petal comes out a bifid hriflly ligula^ 

 divided like two horns. It has a great number of floort 

 flamina joined in five bodies^ and are the length of the 

 petals, which are terminated by roundiflj fummits^ and a 

 roundiflj germen fupporting a fingle ftyle the length of 

 the petals, crowned by a fingle ftigma. The germen af- 

 terward turns to a roundiflo fruit with five angles^ open- 

 ing in five cells, each containing feveral feeds. 

 This genus of plants is ranged in the firfl: feftion of 

 Linnaius's eighteenth clafs, which includes thofe 

 plants which have many ftamina joined in five bodies. 

 We have but one Species of this genus, viz. 

 Theobroma {Guazuma) foliis ferratis. Hort. Cliff. 379. 

 Theobroma with flawed leaves. Guazuma arbor ulmi- 

 folia, fruftu ex purpura nigro. Plum. Nov. Gen. 36. 

 Tree Guazuma with an Elm leaf, and a black purple fruit. 

 This grows naturally in moft of the iflands in the 

 Weft-IndicSj where it rifes to the height of forty or 



In the center is fituated a foundifh ger- 



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fifty feet, having a trunk as large as a middle-fi^'cd 

 man's body,^ covered with a dark brown furrowed 

 bark, fending out many branches toward the top; 

 which fpread out wide on every hand, and are gar- 

 nifhed with oblong heart-fhaped leaves placed alter- 

 nate, which are near four inches long, and two broad 

 near their bafe, ending in acute points,- of a briahc 

 green oh their upper fide, and pale on their under, 

 fawed on their edges, with a fl:rong midrib, and fe- 

 veral tfanfverfe veins, and ftand upon fliort foot-ftalks. 

 The ftowers come out in bunches fj-om the wings of 

 fhe leaves ; ihe^ are fmall and of a yellow colour, 

 having five concave petals which fpread open circu- 

 larly, with a great number of ftamina, which at their 



bafe are joined in five bodies, terniinated by roundiflt 

 fummits. 



' men, fupporting a flender ftyle the length of the fta- 

 mina, crowned by a fingle ftigma. The germeh af- 

 terward turns to a roundifh warted fruit having five 

 obtufe angles, and five cells which contain feveral ir- 

 regular feeds. 



The wood of this tree is white and duflile; fo is fre- 

 quently cut into ftaves for caflcs. The fruit and leaved 

 are good fodder for cattle, therefore when the planters 

 clear the land from wood, they leave the trees of this 

 fort ftanding for food for their cattle^ which is of great 

 . yfe in dry icafons, when the common fodder is fcarce. 

 There are fome plants of this fort preferved in the 

 gardens of fome curious perfons ; it is propagated by 

 feeds, which muft be procured as frefii as pofllble 

 from the countries where the plants grow naturally. 

 Thefe ffiould be fown iipoh a good hot-bed in the 

 fpring, and when the plants are fit to rerriovej they 

 fhould be each planted in a feparate fmall pot, and 

 plunged'ihto'a hot-bed of tanners bark, obferving to 

 Ihade them from the fun till they have taken new root ; 

 then they fhould be treated in the fame way as the 

 toffee-tree, keeping theni always in the tan-bed in 



the ftove. ^ r 



THERMOME T'E R, [eso^o^^rpov, of a.-p^.], heat, 

 and ^fTffw, to rneafure.] An inftrument fl:iewing, or 

 rather meafurins^ the increafe and decreafe of the 



heat, and cold of the air. 



Of which there are various kinds ; the conftruftions, 



defefts, theories, &c. whereof are as follow. 



The conflru5lion of a Thermometer, depending en the 



rarefaction of the air. 



f * 



.^-f 



- 1 



• J • 



In the tube C F, to which is 

 faftened'i glafs ball A, is put 



^ quantity of common water, 

 riiixed with aqua regia^ to pre- 

 vent its freezing ; and the mix- 

 ture tinged with a folution of 

 vitriol, td give it a greennefs; 

 In filling the tube, care is tak- 

 en that there be fo much air 

 left in the ball and tube, as 

 that vvhen at its greateft con- 

 denfation in themiddle of Win- 

 ter, It may juft fill the ball ; 

 and yet in its greateft rarefac- 

 tion in fummer, may not drive 

 all the liquor out of the tube. 

 To the other "extreme of the 

 tube is faftened another glafs 

 ball E F, open to the air at 

 F. On each fide the tube is 

 applied the fcale BD, divided 

 into any nuniber of equal 

 parts. 



Now as the ambient air be- 

 comes warmer, the air in the 

 ball and the: top of the tube 

 expanding, would drive the li- 

 quor into the lower ball, and 

 confequently its furface will 

 defcend \ on the contrary, as the 

 ambient air grows colder, that 



in .the ball becoming eondenfed, the liquor will afc^id. 



Ths 



i 



\ 



