T H L 



receive all th^lr nourifhment merely by ia^ibibing the 

 next aJjoinlng moifbure wich the earth ; and confe- 

 quently ihe ihcll of the earth, next the furface of the 

 roots, would always be confiderably drier, the nearer 

 it is to the root, which I have not obfcrved to be ib. 



And by expcrinients .8 and 19, the roots would be 

 very hard put to it to imbibe fufficient moifture in dry 

 fnaimcr weather, if it were not thus conveyed to 

 them by tlie penetraring warmth of the fun ; whence 

 by the fame genial heat, in conjunftion with the at- 

 traction of the capillary fap-velfels, it is carried up 

 through the bodies and branches of vegetables ; and 

 thence paffing into the leaves, it is there mod vigo- 

 rouOy atted upon in thofe thin plates, and put into an 

 lindulatincr motion by the fun's Vir'armrh, whereby it 

 is moll pleneifully thrown off, and perfpired through 

 their furface ^ whence, as foon as it is difentangled, it 

 mounts with great rapidity in the free air. 

 But when, towards the latter end of Oftober, the vi- 

 gour of the fun's influence is fo much abated, that 

 the firft thermometer vvas fallen to three degrees above 

 the freezing point, the fecond to ten degrees, the fifth 

 to fourteen degrees, an J the fixth to fixteen degrees ; 



. then the brifK undulations of the moifture of the 

 earth, and alfo of the afcending fap, much abating, 

 the leaves faded and fell off. 



The greatcH: degree of cold in the following winter, 

 was in the firtl twelve days of November, daring 

 which time, the fpirit in the firfl thermometer was 

 fallen four degrees below the freezing point, the 

 deepcft thermometer ten degrees ; the ice. on ponds 

 was an inch thick j the fun's greateft warmth at the 

 winter folftice, in a very ferene, calm, frofty day, 

 was, againft a fouth afpefl: of a wall, 19 degrees, and 

 in a free open air, but 11 degrees above the freezing 

 point. 



From the 10th of January to the 29th of March was 

 a very dry feafon, when the green Wheat was gene- 

 rally the fined that was ever remembered : but from 

 the 29th of March, 1725, to the 29th of September 

 following, it rained more or lefs everyday, except 

 ten or twelve days about the beginning of July ^ and 

 that whole feafon continued fo very cool, that the fpi- 

 rit in the firft thermometer rofe but to 24 degrees, ex- 

 cept now and then a fliort interval of fun-fnine ; the 

 fecond only to 20 degrees, the fifth and fixth to 24 

 and 23 degrees, with very little variation-, fo that, 

 during , this whole fummer, thofe parts of roots which 

 were two feet under ground, had three or four degrees 

 more warmth than thofe which were but two inches 

 under ground ; and at a medium, the general degree 

 ■ of heat^through this v^hole ftimmer, both above and 

 underground, was not greater than the middle of the 

 preceding September. - ■ * - *%- .'^,^.. ^.; :■ .; 



THLASPI. Tourn.Inft. R.H. 212. tab. loi.Lin. 







Gen. Plant. 719. [exaWt, fo called of Sxaw, tocom- 



■ prefs or fqueeze together, becaufe the feed-veffels of 



It are very muchcomprefled.J Midiridate, or Treacle 



Muftard. . ) ,../- 



2. 



T H L 



folio majus. C. B. P. 106. MitlridateMuJlardy crBaf- 



tard Crefs, , 



Thlaspi {/tvenfe) filiculis orbiculatis, foliis oblon- 

 gis dentatis glabris. Flor. Lapp. 251. Treacle Mujiard 

 ivith Grbicular pods, and oblong, indented^ fmoGth leaves. 

 Thlafpi arvenfe filiquis latis. C. B. P. 



« i 





The Characters are. 



' -- 



-■* 



J i^#' d r- -.- 



4 .. 'X. 



h^k 



^he empdemcnt of the flower is cqmpofed of four oval con- 

 cave petals which fall off. The flower has four oval petals 

 double theflze of the empalement ^placed i'ti form of a crofs ; 

 it has fix flamina half the length of the petals, t'wo of 

 which are fijorter than the others, terminated by acute 

 fumnuts, and a roundifjj cotnpreffed germen fupporting a 

 flngleftyle the length of the flamina, crowned by an.obtufe 

 ' ftigma. The germen afterward becomes an oval, heart- 

 fhaped, compreffed little pod, with an acute border divided 

 into two cells by an intermediate partition, containing two 



or three feeds iii each. • -^ v-t „ 



This genus of plants is ranged in the firft fedlion of 

 Linnseus's fifteenth clafs, wTiich contains thofe plants 

 whofe flowers have four long and two ftiorter ftamina, 

 and the feeds a^e included in fhort pods. 

 The Species are, ^ 



I, Thlaspi {Campeftre) filiculis fubrotundis, foliis fa- 

 gittatis dentatis incanis. Hort. Cliff. 330. Treacle 

 Muflard with roundifh pods, and arrow-pointed, hairy ^ 

 and indented leaves, Thlafpi arvenfe, vaccaria^ iricano 



Muftard, or Penny Crefs. 



105. Treacle 



C B. P. 106. 



3. Thlaspi {Perfoliatum) filiculis obcordatis, foliis cau- 

 linis cordatis glabris fubdentatis, petalis longitudi- 

 necalycis, caule ramofo Lin. Sp. Plant. 902. ^Treacle 

 Muftard with heart-ftoaped, fmccth^ indented leaves, the 

 petals of the flower as long as the empalemcnt, and a 

 branching ft alk, Thlafpi arvenfe, perfoliatum majus. 



The greater^ wild, perfoliate Treacle 



Muftard. 



4. Thlaspi {Alpeftre) filiculis obcordatis, foliis fubden- 

 tatis, caulinis amplexicaulibus, petalis longitudine 

 calycis, caule fimplici. Lin. Sp. Plant. 903, Treacle 

 Muftard with heart fljaped leaves embracing the ftalks^ 

 the petals of the flower as long as, the empalemcnt, and a 



flngleftalL Thlafpi perfoliatum minus. C.B. P. 106. 

 The leaft perfcliate Treacle Muftard. 



5. Thlaspi \Peregrinum) filiculis fuborbiculatis, foliis 

 lanceolatis integerrimis. Lin. Sp. Plant. 903. Treacle 

 Muftard with orbicular pods, and fpear-fhaped entire 

 leaves, Thlafpi capfulis cordatis peregrinum. Bocc. 

 Hi ft. 2. 927. Foreign Treacle Muflard with heart-fhap^ 

 ed pods. 



6. Thlaspi {Alliaceum) filiculis fubovatis ventricofis, fo- 

 liis oblongis obtufis dentatis glabris. Prod. Leyd. 334. 

 Treacle Muftard with almoft oval fwelling pods, and ob- 

 long, blunt, fmooth, indented leaves. Thlafpi Allium 

 redolens. Mor. Hift. 2. p. 297. Treacle Muftard with 

 the fmell of CarlicL ' - 



7. Thlaspi {HirtU7n) filiculis fubrotundis pilofis, foliis v 

 caulinis fagittatis hirfutis. Prod. Leyd. 333. Treacle 

 Muftard with roundifh hairy pods, and hairy arrow- 

 pointed leaves on the ft alks. Thlafpi villofum capfulis 

 hirfutis. C. B. P. 106. Perennial Mithridate Muftard. 



8. Thlaspi {Montanum) filiculis obcordatis, foliis gla- 

 bris radicalibus carnofis obovatis integerrimis, cauli- 

 nis amplexicaulibus corollis calyce majoribus. Lin. 

 Sp. Plant. 902. Treacle Muftard with heart- ftjapcd pods, 

 the lower leaves fmooth and entire, and the upper em- ' 

 bracing the ftalks. Thlafpi foliis globulari^. J. B. 2. 

 p. 926. Treacle Muftard with a blue Daify leaf. 



The firft fort grows naturally amongft the Corn in 

 , divers parts of England, as alfo on the fide of dry 

 banks ; it is a biennial plant, which perifhesfoon af- 

 ter it has ripened its feeds. The root is compofed of - 

 ^ ^ ligneous fibres which fpread in the ground -, the 

 leaves are near three inches long, narrow at their bafe, 

 and broader toward their points, where they have fe- 

 ' vefal indentures •, they are hoary on both fides. The 

 ftalk rifes about a foot high, branching out toward 

 the top, and is pretty clofely garniftied with leaves 

 placed alternately, fitting clofe to the ftalks, whofe 

 ears embrace the ftallc. The flowers are produced in 

 ftiort fpikes at the end of the ftalks ; they are fmall, 

 white,' and compofed of four petals placed in form 

 of a crofs ; thefe appear in June, and are fuccceded 



■ by roundilh capfules having two cells, containing two 

 or three feeds in each, which ripen in Auguft. The 

 whole 'plant has a warm biting tafte. The feeds of 

 this are frequently ufed inftead of thofe of the next, 

 which is the fort diredled to enter the compofition of 



.Venice treacle. >■; ,. • ' ■ -'..>^'i •- ■ ; : • . . 



■ The fecond fort is an annual plant, which grows na- 

 ; turally in feveral parts of England : T have found it 



growing in plenty in the meadows on the right hand 

 : fide of Godalming.'._ The root of this is compofed 

 of flender fibres ; the ftalk rifes a foot high, is an- 

 gular, channelled, and fmooth ; the leaves are about 

 two inches long, are fmooth and indented, of a deep 

 sreen colour, and fit clofe to the ftalks •, the flowers - 

 are produced in loofe fpikes toward the upper part of 

 the ftalks; they are fmall, white, and compofed of 

 four petals placed croflwife like the former ; thefe 

 are fucceeded by broad, flat, rouhdilh, comprefi^ed 



pods, having leafy borders which have two .cells, 



oach 



