I L 



the fpike of flowers ; they are angular and fawed on 

 their edges. The ftalk is terminated by a loofe fpike 

 of flowers, which are compofed of five fniall white pe- 

 tals infertcd in the empalcment, and ten awl-fliaped 

 ftamina which are longer than the petals, terminated 

 by roundifli fummits. Thefe flowers appear early 

 in May, but the plants rarely produce any feeds in 



T I L 



E< 



England. 



in the 

 moid 



This fort is propagated by parting of the root, 

 fame manner as the former, and delights in a 

 foil and a fliady fituation. 

 TILIA. Tourn. Inft. R. H. 6it. tab. 381. Lin. 

 Gen. Plant. 587. [of telum, a dart, becaufe its wood 

 is ufed in making darts.] The Lime, or Linden-tree ; 

 in French, Tillau or TilleuL 



The Characters are, ■ ' 



'The flower has a concave coloured empalement^ which is 

 cut into five parts ; // has five ohlcng blunt petals which 



III: 



fupporting a flender ftyle the length of 

 ed by an obtiifie five-cornered ft igma^ 



dijh 



I. 



,j 



2. 



3 



4 



The germen after- 

 mrd becomes a thick globular cap fule with five cells^ open- 

 ing at the bafe with five valves^ each containing one 

 roundijio feed. 



This genus of plants is ranged in the firfl: feftion of 

 Linnccus's thirteenth clafs, which contains thofe plants 

 ■whofe flowers hav^e many ftamina and one ftyle. 

 The Species are, 



TiLiA {Cordata) foliis cordatis acuminatis, in^Equali- 

 ter ferratis, fruftibus quinquas locularibus tomentofis. 

 Lime-tree with heart-Jhaped acute-pointed leaves^ which 

 are unequally Jawed^ and a woolly fruit having five cells. 

 Tilia foemina, folio minore, C. B. P. 426. Thefemal 

 Lime-tree with a fmaller leaf, 



Tilia (^Murop^a) foliis acuminatis, ferratis, fubhir- 

 futis, fru6libus quadrulangularibus fubpilofis. Lime- 

 tree with acute-pointed leaves which are fawed^ fame- 

 what hairy .^ and a hairy fruit having four cells, Tilia 

 foliis molliterhirfutis, viminibus rubris, frudu tetra- 

 gono. Raii Syn. 316. The red twigged Lime-tree. 



Tilia {Americana) foliis cordatis acuminatis ferratis, 

 fubtus pilofis floribus ncdlarioinftruftis. Lime-tree %vith 

 heart-fijaped^ acute-pointed^ fawcd leaves which are hairy 

 en their under fide ^ and flower s furnifhed with neEiariums, 



American black Lime. 



Tslia [Caroliniana) foliis cordatis obliquis glabris 

 fubferratis cum acumine, floribus neftario inftru6tis. 



w 



Lime-tree with heart-paped fmooth_Jeaves^ which are ob- 

 lique to the foot-ftalkj fomewhai flawed on their ed^es^ 

 ending in acute points^ and flowers having ne5fariiim. 

 Tilia Caroliniana, foliis longius mucronaco. Rand. 

 Cat. Hort. Chelf Carolina Lime-tree with a long-point- 

 ed leaf. - .^ •.....--'— ^- 

 The firfl; fort grows naturally in the woods in many 

 parts of England ; of this there are two or three va- 

 rieties, which differ in -the fize and fmoothnefs of 

 their leaves, fome of them having much larger and 

 rougher leaves than the others.' I have plants of 

 three of thefe varieties from feeds, but have conftant- 

 ly found them vary from one to the other ; and I 

 much doubt if the fecond is more than a feminal va- 

 fiety, but as I have not had an opportunity of raifiiig 

 any of the plants from feeds, I cannot poflibly deter- 

 mine this. 



The large-leaved Dutch Lime was generally prefer- 

 red to our common fort for the fize of its leaves, 

 but of late years all thefe trees are little efteemed, 

 becaufe it is late in the fpring before their leaves 

 come out, and they begin to decay the firft in autumn; 

 and when the trees are planted in a dry foil, their 

 leaves frequently decay in July, and are continually 

 falling off, making a litter all the remaining part of 



fummer. 



The third fort was brought from New England by 

 the title of Black Lime. The branches of this fort 

 are covered with a dark brown bark. The leaves are 

 large, heart-fliaped, and end in acute points ; they 

 are deeply fawed on their edges, and are of a deep 

 green on their upper fide, but of a pale green and a 



'\ 



f i 





little hairy on their under fide, fl:anding upon lon^ 

 flender foot-ftalks. The flowers are produced in 

 bunches, in the fame manner as thofe of the common 

 Lime-tree, but the petals of the flowers are narrow- 

 er, and have neftariums growing todicir bafe. The 

 flowers of this fort do not appear till late in July, fo 

 are a full month after the common fort. The cap- 

 fules are fmaller, rounder, and Icfs hairy than thofe 

 of the common fort. 



The feeds of the fourth fort were brouoht from Ca- 

 rolina by the late Mr. Catefoy. This tree feems to 

 be of much fmaller growth than cither of the other 

 forts ; the branches fpread more horizontally. The 

 leaves are fmaller, and have a fmoother furface than 

 either of the other ■, they are heart-fliaped, but the 

 midrib runs oblique to the foot-ftalk, fo that one 

 fide of the leaves is much larger than the otHer. 

 Their edges are flighdy fawed, and their tops run 

 out into long acute points. The bunches of flowers 

 ftand upon long flender foot-ftalks ; the petals of the 

 flowers are narrow, and end in acute points ; thefe 

 have each a narrow neftarium faftened to their bafe 

 on the infide, which ftand erect clofe to the petals. 

 The flowers emit a very fragrant odour, and are con- 

 tinually haunted by bees during their continuance. 

 This tree flowers toward the e^nd of July, and when the 

 feafon proves ^favourable, the feeds ripen in autumn. 

 All thefe trees are eafily propagated by layers, which 

 in one year will take good root, and may then be 

 taken off, and planted in a nurfcry, at four feet dif- 

 tance row from row, and two feet afunder in the rows. 

 The beft time to lay them down and to remote 

 them, is at Michaelmas, when their leaves beo-ln to 

 fall, that they may take root before the froft comes 

 on, though they may be tranlplanted any time from 

 September to March, in open weather j but if the 

 foil is dry, it is much the better way to remove them 

 in autumn, becaufe it will fave a great expence in wa- 

 tering them, efpecially if the fpring flioiild prove dry. 

 In this nurfery they may remain four or five years, 

 during which time the ground fliould be duo- every 

 fpring, and conftandy kept clear from weeds, and the 

 large fide flioots pruned off, to caufe them to a-Jvance 

 in height ; but the fmall twigs muft not be pruned 

 off from the ftems, becaufe thefe are abfolutely ne- 

 ceffary to detain theTap, iox the augmentation of their 

 trunks, which are apt to flioot up too flender, when 

 they are entirely divefted of all their lateral twigs. If 

 the foil in which they are planted be a fa,t loam, tliey 

 will'make a prodigious prdgrefs, "in their growth, fo 

 that'ih three years'tifne they will be fit to traniplant 

 out where they are to remain. 



They may alfo be propagated by cuttings, but, as 

 this method is not fo certain as by layers, that me- 

 thod is generally praftifed. In order to obtain pro- 

 per ftioots for laying down, a Lime-ti ee is cut down 

 clofe to the ground, from the roots of which a areat 

 number of ftrong flioots are produced the following 

 year ; thefe will be flirong enough to lay down the 

 following autumn, efpecially if the fmalleft of them 

 are cut off clofe early in the fummer ; for when too 

 many flioots are fuffered to grow all the fummer, they 

 will be much weaker, than if only a fufficient quanti- 

 ty is left. The manner of laying down thefe flioots 

 having been already direfted under the articIeLAYERs 

 I need not repeat it here. 



There are fome perfons who raife thefe trees from 

 feeds, which, although it is a flower way, yet when 

 the trees are defigned to grow large, is the beft me- 

 thod; and if they are only once tranfplanted, and this 

 performed while they are young, it will be fti!] the 

 better way -, for all trees that are tranfplanted when 

 large, are fliorter lived than thofe which remain 

 in the places where they arofe from feeds, and their 

 timber will be founder, and grow to a much lar^-er 

 fize. 



When this method is praftifed, the feeds .fliould be 

 fown in autumn foon after they are ripe, upon a iliady 

 border of moift light foil, where the plants will come 

 up the following fpring ; but, when the feeds are 



13 G ■ kept 



