O R 



or three divifions, and are terminated by 'umbels of 



T O U 



in autumn foon after they are ripe, when the plants 



e divi ions, ana arc Lciiiiuiai.cu uy uiul^^x^ ^. . - . . - ^ 



flowers which have large involucrums, for the will foon appear, and are very hardy, io that they 



mod part trifid. The points are fpear^Ihapcd, and 

 at their bafe is fituated a fmall umbel, compoled of a 

 few flowers fitting clofe to the tails of the involucrums. 

 The flowers are fucceeded by large, oval, con-sprefled, 



The ftalks 



bordered feeds. 



The fourth fort grows naturally in Italy. 

 of this branch out from the bottom, and feldom rife 

 foot hif>-h - ^^'^^ '^''^ ^'^^''^^ ^^-'^ rnuah. The lower 



they are hairy and rough. 



wings are 



leaves are compoled of three pair of roundifn lobes, 

 terminated by an odd one, which are hairy and jagged. 

 The Penerrd umbel is compoled of eight Imall ones 

 which ftand upon very long foot-ftalks, and fpread 

 out wide from each other. The flowers are white, 

 and the exterior petal of each is much larger than 

 thofe of the two firft forts ; rhele are fucceeded by 

 roundilh, comprcfled, bordered feeds. 

 The fifth fort grows naturally about Aleppo, and in 

 other parts of Syria. The bottom leaves are doubly 

 winged, each leaf being compofed of four pair ol 

 winf^s terminated by an odd one. The 

 com'i^ofcd of feven oval lobes ftanding alternately, 

 which are deeply jagged ; they are of a yellowlfh green 

 colour, and a little'hairy. The ftalks are taper, and 

 not channelled ; they rife two feet and a half high, 

 have a fev/ fmall hairs fcattered over them, and at 

 each joint are garniihed with one fmaller winged leaf ^ 

 they fend out one or two fhort branches tov/ard the 

 top, and are terminated by large umbels of yellow 

 flowers, compofed of ten fmall umbels, whofe foot- 

 fl:alks are alternately longer •, thefe fpread open wide 

 from each other. The flowers are fucceeded by com- 

 . prefixed oval feeds, fhaped like thofe of Parfneps> of 



a yellowifli colour. 



The fixth fort grows naturally in arable land in feve- 



. ral of the maritime counties in England, fo is rarely 



admitted into gardens -, this has trailing ftalks which 



fpread flat on the ground, and are a foot or more in 



length. The leaves are like thofe of Parfley, but are 



cut into finer fegments -, the umbels of flowers are 



- fmalU and fit clofe to the joints of the ftalks ; the 



, ^Mrers are fmall and white ; they are fucceeded by 



. fhort feeds a little compreflfed, and fet with Iharp burry 



prickles on their outfide. "^^ '^ ■ .^.r> 







-V-- £■_.' ■* 



I * 



-^ 



' 



«. 



The fevehth fort grows naturally on thefidebf banks 

 and foot-paths in many parts of England ; this rifes 

 with a flender ftalk three feet high. The leaves are 

 like thofe of Parfley ; their lobes are fpear-fiiaped, 

 and have winged points -, they are hairy, and ftand 

 thinly on the ftalks. The flowers are produced in 

 fmall umbels at the top of the ftalks, which are com- 

 pofed of feveral fmall umbels or rays which clofe to- 

 gether ; they are fm.all, and of a pale red colour, and 

 are fucceeded by fmall prickly feeds. 

 The eighth fort grows naturally among the Corn in 

 Cambrfdgefl:iire, and in fome other parts of England. 

 This rifes with a channelled ftalk three _ feet high, 

 garniflied with one winged leaf at each joint, com- 

 pofed ol[ two pair of lobes terminated by a long one : 

 they are broad, fpear fliaped,. and deeply fawed on 

 their edges. The umbels of flowers which terminate 

 the ftalks are cluttered together •, the feeds are broad, 

 rouo-h, and have borders round them. 

 Au'^thefe plants may be termed annual, becaufethey 

 do not live more than one year-, but fome of them are 

 called biennial, from the young plants which come up 

 in autumn living through the winter, and producing 

 their flowers and fruit the following fummer •, but as 

 the feeds which are fown or permitted to fcatter, 

 perfcft their feeds in the compafs of one year, they 

 Ihould be termed annual, for this is the property of 

 many of the plants with umbellated flowers, whole 

 feeds ftiould be fown in autumn -, otherwife, if they 

 come up (which frequently does not happen the fame 

 year when they are fown in the fpring,) the plants 

 . generally decay before tkeir feeds ripen -, but as their 

 whole growth is performed within the year, they are 

 efteemed as annual plants. 



They are propagated by feeds, which Ihould be fown 



quire no farther care but to keep them clear from 

 weeds, and where they come up too clofe together, 

 they fliould be thinned, fo as to leave them fix inches 



al under. 



J 



and their feeds will ripen in Augull, which, if per- 

 mitted to fcatter on the ground, will produce a fupply 

 of plants without any trouble. If the feeds of thefe 

 plants are kept out of the ground dll fpring, they 

 feldom fucceed •, for if any plants are produced from 

 the feeds then fown, they commonly perifti before 

 they have perfefted their feeds, whereas thofe which 

 are fown in autumn rarely fail. Thefe plants will 

 grow on any foil or fituation, fo may be put into any 

 obfcurc part of the garden. 



TORMENT ILL A. Tourn. Inft. R.H. 298. tab. 

 153. Lin. Gen. Plant. 153. Tormendl. 



The Characters are, 

 ^he flower has a plain empale?nent cf one leaf^ divided 

 into eight fegments at the top ; // has four oval heart- 

 fhaped petals^ whofe tails are infer ted in the enipalementy 

 and fpread open^ and many avul-foapcd ftamina zvhich are 

 inferted in the efupalement^ terminated by fingle fummits j 

 // has eight fmall germcn collected in a head^ vohich have 

 flender ftyles the length of the germen infer te 



fides ^ crovoned by obtufe ftigfn 



f' 



fruit, containing many fmall feeds 



the empalemcnt. 

 This genus of plants is ranged in the fifth feftion of 

 Linn^eus's twelfth clafs, which includes thofe plants 

 whofe flowers have from twelve to twenty ftamina, 

 which are inferted in the empalement. 

 The Species are, 



1. ToRMENTiLLA {EreSa) caule erefto. Lin. Sp. Plant. 

 500. Tormentil with an ereB ftalk, Tormentilla vul- 

 garis. Park. Theat. 394. Common 'Tormentil 



2. Tormentilla {Reptans) caule repente, foliis petio- 

 latis, Lin. Sp. Plant. 500. Tormentil with a creeping 

 ftalk, and leaves on foot -ftalks. Pentaphyllum reptans, 



alatum, foliis profundii^is ferratis. D. Plot. Oxf 6. i. 



deeply flawed. 



Cinguefloil^ 



.r.a -' 



_-- ^ ^ ** ■ 



- ■ 



The firft fort grows wild on dry paftures and coin- 

 monsinmoft parts of England, fo is never cultivated 

 ''r in gardens •, this is fo commonly known as to need no 

 defcription. The roots of this plant have been fre- 

 quently ufed for tanning of leather, in places where 

 Oak bark is fcarce. This root is alio much ufed in 

 medicine, and is accounted the beft aftringent in the 



whole vegetable kingdom. 



The fecond fort is found in fome particular places oF 

 Encrland growing wild, butparticularlyinOxfordfiiire, 

 The ftalks of this fort fpread on the ground, and emk 

 roots from their joints, whereby they propagate very 

 faft: this is rarely preferved, unlefs in fome botanic 

 gardens for the fake of variety. It requires no care to 

 propagate thefe plants, fince, if their roots are once 

 planted in almoft any foil or fituation, the plants will 

 flourifti without any other care, but to prevent their 

 being over-run with great weeds. 

 TOURNEFORTIA. Lin. Gen. Plant. 176. Pit- 



tonia. Plum. Nov. Gen. 5. tab. ,3,. 

 The Characters are, ^ 



fmall fegments 



f the flower is of one leaf, cut into fi 



Theft 



•}f one petal, cf the globular bell-fljape, ai 

 im into five acute points, which fpread open 

 has five awl-fhaped fla?nina the length of 

 'nated by fltngle fummits, and a globular ge 

 r a fingle flyle the length cf the flamina^ 



crozvned by a 



fingle Jtig 



l/"^ 



fucculent berry, inclofing four oblong oval feeds refting upon 



the empalement. ^ 



This genus of plants is ranged in the firft feaion ot 

 LinnfEUs's fifth clafs, which includ-s thoie plants 

 whofe flowers have five ftamina and one ftyle. _ 



Father Plumier, who difcovered feveral fpecies of this 

 aenus in America, conftituted this genus, and gave it 



fhe title of Pittonia, in honour of Dr. Jofeph Pitton •, 



/ 



4 



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