T R A 



ment-, terynlnated hy rcttndifi fumynits ; the emp^ikmerJ 

 cf the female flo'xcrs are perrdanent \ they are cut in- 

 to five cval concave fegments. The flowers have no petals 

 cr Jlawina^ but a rotindiflj germen^ having three furrows^ 

 fupporting an ercuf ftylc^ croivncd hy a trifid fpreading ftig- 

 riia. The germen afterward turns to roundifh three-lobed 

 capftiks having three cells ^ each containing one globular feed. 

 This genus of plants is longed in the third feftion 

 of Linnieus's twenty-firft clafs, which includes thofc 

 plants which have male and female flowers on the fame 

 plant, and the male flowers have three fl:amina. 



The Species are, 



1. Tragia (r<?///M;^} foliis cordato-oblongis, caule vo- 



lubili. Lin. Sp. Plant. 980. Tragia with oblong heart- 

 fhaped leaves^ and a twining flalk, Tragia fcandens, 

 longo betonicas folio. Plum. Gen. Nov. 14. Climbing 

 Tragia with a long Betony leaf 



2. Tragia {htvolucrum) fasmineis pentaphyllis pinnati- 

 fidis. Lin. Sp. Plant. 980. Tragia with five-leaved in- 

 volucri to the female flowers^ which are wing-pointed, 

 Ricinocarpos Zeylanica hirfuta, foliis lanceolatis fer- 



fpear-fl. 



i 



X 



The title of this genus was applied to it b/ father 

 Plumier, who conftituted the genus to the honour of 

 Hieronymus Bock, an ancient botanifl:, who was com- 

 monly called Tragus. 



The firfl: fort grows plentifully in the favannahs in 

 Jamaica, and the- other warm parts of America, where 

 . it twines round whatever plants or trees it grows 

 rear, and rifes feven or eight feet high, having tough 

 woody fl:ems. The leaves are oblong and heart- 

 Jliaped •, they are an inch and a half long, and three 

 quarters of an inch broad toward their bafe, ending 

 in acute points, and are deeply fawed on their edges, 

 ftanding alternately' upon pretty long foot-ftalks. The 

 male flowers come out from the wings of theftalk, in 

 ■ long bunches of about two inches in length-, the fe- 

 male flowers are produced on feparate foot-ftalks, 

 arifing fi-om the fame point as the male ; thefe are.fuc- 

 ceeded by roundifli capfules with three cells, each in- 

 clofing one roundilh feed. The whole plant is covered 



' with burning fpines like thofe of the Nettle, which 

 renders it very unpleafant to handle. 



• The fecond fort grows naturally in India; this rifes 

 with an erett ligneous ftalk about three fee,t high, 

 ^hich rarely fends out any fide branches ; it is gar- 

 nifhed with oblong fpear-IhapbJ leaves, which runout 

 in very long acute points, and are ftiarply fawed on 

 their edges ; thefe are ranged alternately on the ftalk, 

 and are'clofely covered with yellowifti flinging hairs. 

 The flowers are produced in fmall cluftcrs from the 

 wihgs of the ftalk, ftanding feveral together upOri the 

 lame foot-ftalk ^ the upper are^all male, and the un- 

 der female, and^ the latter are fucceeded by roundilh 

 capfules with three cells, each inclofing one feed; ■ 

 As thefe are plants of no great beauty, they are fel- 

 dom preferved in this country, except in fome botanic 

 -gardens for the fake-of variety, they are propagated 

 by feeds, which muft be fown on a hot-bed early in the 

 fpring, and muft afterward be tranfplanted into pots, 

 and plunged into a hot-bed of tanners bark, and 

 treated in"^ the fame manner as other tender plants 

 which require to be kept In the bark-ftove. 



TR AGOPOGON. Tourn. Inft. R. H. 477. tab. 



270. Lin. Gen. Plant. 810. [TpayoTrJxwv, of rpayt^, 



a goat, and iziKt^v. a beard, becaufe the pappous feed, 

 while it is included in the calyx, refembles a goat's 

 beard.] Goats-beard i in French, Barbe de Bouc. 

 The Characters are. 



ofed of 



?/ the flower is ftngh 



i joined at their hafe. The flower is compofedcf 

 many hermaphrodite florets, which are uniform ; they are 

 of one petaU flretched ctit like a tongue^ indented a' 



offiflj ; thefe have flve floort hair-like ft 



fcales 



lindricalfummitSj and an oblong germen fituated un- 

 he floret,, fupporting aflender ftyle the length of the 

 'na. crowned by two revolving ftigmas. The empale- 



T R A 



J went 0} the flower afterward fwells to a belly^ incloftng 

 many oblongs angular, rough feeds, flender at both ends^ 

 c rozvned by a feathery down. 



This genus of plants is ranged in the firft feftion of 

 Linnasus's nineteenth clafs, which contains thofe plants 

 whofe flowers are compofed of only hermaphrodite flo* 

 rets, and their fummits are connefted with the ftyle. 

 The Species are, 

 i. Trago^ogon' (Pratenfe) calycibus corollse radium 

 tequantibus, foliis integris ftriftis. Lin. Sp. Planti 

 789. Goats- beard with an empalement equal to the rays 

 cf the flower, and entire do fed leaves, Tragopogon 

 pratenfe luteum maius. C. B. P. 274. Greater yellow 

 Meadow Goats-beard, 



2. Tragopogon {Mnus) calycibus corolte radiis lon- 

 gioribus, foliis linearibus ftriftis. Goats-beard with the 

 empalement longer than the rays of the flower, and linear 

 ckfed leaves, Tragopogon pratenfe luteum minus. 

 Hort. R. Blsef Smaller yellow Meadow Goats-beard, ' 



3. Tragopogon (Porrifolium) calycibus coroUae radiis 

 fefqui longioribus, foliis integris ftriftis, pedunculis 

 fuperneincraflatis. Hort. Upfal. 243. Goats-beard with 

 the empalement longer than the rays of the flower, entire 

 clofed leaves, and the foot-ftalk thicker at the upper part, 

 Tragopogon purpureo-casruleum porri folio, qued 

 artifi vulgo. C. B. P. 274. Goats-beard of a purple blue 

 colour, and a Leek leaf, commonly called Salfafy, 



4. Tragopogon (Picroides) calycibus corolla breviori- 

 bus aculeatis, foliis pinnato-haftatis. Hort. Cliffy. 382. 

 Goats-beard with prickly empalements which are fljortef 

 than the petals, andarrow wing-pointed leaves, Sonchus 

 afper, laciniatus Creticus. C. B. P. 124. Rough Sow- 



thiftle of Crete with jagged leaves, 



5. Tragopogon {Dalechampii) calycibus monophyllis 



* corolla brevioribus inermibus, foliis runcinatis. Hort. 

 ' UpfaL 224. Goats-beard with an empalement of one leafy 



■ fhorter than the petals of the flower, and plain fhaped 

 leaves, Hieraciufn rhagnum Dalechampii. Hift. 569. 

 Greateft Hawkweed of Dalechamp, 



^ The firft fort grows naturally in the meadows of 



- Auftria and Germany ; this is very diflferent from the 

 forts which grow naturally in England, for I have 

 fown the feeds of both forts feveral years in the fame 

 bed of earth, and have always found the plants have 

 retained their difference. The lower leaves are three 

 quarters of an inch broad at their bafe, where they 



- embrace the ftalk; they are more than a foot long, 

 ^■' and are clofed together, ending in acute points. The' 



- ftalk rifes near three feet high, which is garniftied at 

 ■^^ each joint with one leaf of the^amc fhape with thofe 



below, but are fmaller ; it is terminated by one large 

 yellow flower compofed of hermaphrodite florets, 



■ which lie over each other like the fcales of fifti •, thefe 

 are included in onecommonfimple empalement, which 

 is equal in length to the rays of the flower. Each 



• floret is fucceeded by an oblong feed which is larger 

 at the bafe than at the point, where it is crowned with 

 a large feathery down. The feeds of the border or 

 ray are crooked and rough, but thofe of the difk are 

 ftrait and fmooth. It flowers in June, and the feeds 

 ripen about a month after. 



The fecond fort grows naturally in moift paftures in 

 many parts of England ; it is by the common people 

 titled Sleep -at-noon, or Go-to-bed-at-noon, becaufe 

 the flowers are generally clofed up before that time 

 every day. The lower leaves of this fort are almoft 

 as long as thofe of the firft fort, but are not more than 

 a third part fo broad ; they are of a deep green co- 

 lour, and end in acute points. The ftalks rife abouC 

 a foot high, and fuftain one yellow flower at the top, 

 not more than half fo large as thofe of the firft •, the 

 empalement of thefe flowers are longer than the rays ; 

 the feeds of this are much fmaller- It flowers about 

 the fame time with the former. 



When this fort is fhot up in ftalk four inches high, the 

 common people gather it out of the fields, and boil it 

 in the fame way as Afparagus, and fome give it the 



preference. . 



The third fort is cultivated in gardens by the title ot 

 Salfafy. The roots of this are drefied in different ways, 



4 »"*i 



