T R A 



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and ferved up to the table; and of late years there are 1 cold country to a hot one, fhould always be lent in the 

 -fonie peribns who cultivate it for the ftalks, which are beginning of winter, that the cold may prevent their 



cut in the fpring when they are four or five inches 

 high, which are dreficd like Afparagus, in the like 

 manner as the fecond fort. The ftalks of this are nnuch 

 longer and are tenderer than the other, fo are better 

 for this purpofe than thofe of the fecond fort •, the 

 leaves ot this are broad i the flowers are large and 

 blue ; the foot-ftalk immediately under the flower is 

 much thicker than below, and the empalement is 

 longer than the rays of the flower. 

 The fourth fort grows naturally in Crete, and alfo 

 in Italy ; this is an annual plant very like the Sow- 

 thiftle in ftalk and leaf, but the empalement of the 

 flower is prickly. It is feldom admitted into gardens, 

 becaufe the feeds are wafted by the winds to a great 

 diftance, and thereby fill the garden with weeds. 

 The fifth fort grows naturally about Montpelier •, this 

 hath many large, plain, (haped leaves at the root, 

 which are fix or feven inches long, and two broad, 

 indented on their fides ; the foot-ftalks of the flower 

 arife immediately from the root, and are a foot in 

 length, fupporting one large fulphur-coloured flower, 

 compofed of many florets, included in an empale- 

 ment of one leaf, which is fliorter than the corolla ; 

 the florets are fucceeded by oblong feeds, crowned by 



a feathery down. 



Thefe plants are propagated from feeds, which fhould 

 be fown in April upon an open fpot of ground, in 

 rows about nine or ten inches diftance, and when the 

 plants are come up, they fhould be hoed out, leaving 

 them about fix inches afunder in the rows. The 

 weeds fhould alfo be carefully hoed down as they are 

 produced, otherwife they will foon overbear the plants 

 and fpoil them. ' This is all the culture required, and 

 if the foil be light and not too dry, the plants will 

 have large roots before winter, at which time the Sal- 

 fafy, whofe roots are eaten at that feafon, will be fit 

 for ufe, and may be taken up any time after their 

 leaves begin to decay ; but, when they begin to flioot 

 again, they will be fticky and not fit for ufe ; but ma- 

 ny perfons cultivate this fort for the fhoots, as was be- 

 fore mentioned. . xr %^ 





_ __ ^ lort, whofe fhoots are fold in the 



market, will be fit for ufe in April or May, accord- 

 ing to the forwardnefs of the feafon. The beft time 

 to cut them is, when their ftems are abour four inches 

 long, for if they ftand too long, they are never fo 

 tender as thofe which are cut while young. 

 Some people, in cultivating thefe plants, fow their 

 feeds in beds pretty dole, and when they come up, 

 they tranfplant them out in rows at the before men- 

 tioned diftance -, but, as they form a tap-root, which 

 abounds with a milky juice, when the extreme part 

 of their roots are broken By tranfplanting, they fel- 

 dom thrive well afterward ; therefore, it is by far the 

 better way to make fhallow drills in the ground, and 

 fcatter the feeds therein, as before direfted, whereby 

 the rows will be at a due diftance -, and there will be 

 nothing more to do than to hoe out the plants when 

 they are too thick in the rows, which will be much 

 lefs trouble than the other method of tranfplanting, 

 and the plants will be much larger and fairer, r;- 



TRAGOSELINUM. See Pimpinella. 



TRANSPLANTING OF TREES. See 



Planting. ' 



TRANSPORTATION OF PLANTS: In 



fending plants from one country to another, great re- 

 gard fhould be had to the proper feafon for doing it; 

 for example, if a parcel of plants are to be fent from 

 a hot country to a cold one, they fhould be fent in 

 the fpring of the year, that, as they come toward 

 the colder countries in the warmeft feafon, fo if they 

 have fuffered a little in their pafTage, there will be 

 time to recover them before winter ; whereas thofe 

 which arrive in autumn, are often loft in v/inter, be- 

 caufe they have not time to recover and get root be- 

 fore the cold comes on. 

 On the contrary, thofe plants which are fent from a 



r J 



fhooting during the pafTage, and that they may arrive 



time enough to be rooted before the great heats come 



on, otherwife they will foon perifh. 



The beft way to pack up plants for a voyage (if they 



are fuch as will not bear to be kept out of the ground) 



is to have fome ftrong boxes with handles to them, 



for the more eafily removing them in bad weather ; 



thefe fhould have holes bored in their bottoms to lee 



out the moifturc, otherwife it will rot the roots of the 



plants. Over each of thefe holes ftiould be laid a 



flat tile, or oyfter-fhell, to prevent the earth from 



ftopping them -, then they fhould be filled up with 



earth, into which the plants fhould be let as clofe 



as pofTible, in order to fave room, which is abfolute- 



ly necefTary, otherwife they will be very troublefome 



in the fliip ; and as the only thing intended is to pre- 



ferve them alive, and not to make any progrefs while 



on their pafTage, a fmall box will contain many 



plants, if rightly planted. The plants fhould alfo be 



placed in the box a fortnight or three weeks before 



they are put on board the fhip, that the earth may be 



a little fettled about their roots; and during the time 



they are on board, they fhould remain, if pofTible, 



on the deck, that they may have air j but in bad 



weather they fhould be covered with a tarpaulin to 



guard them againft the fait water and fpray of the fea, 



which will deftroy them, if it comes at them in any 



quantity. 



The water thefe plants (hould have, while on board, 

 muft be proportioned to the climate whence they come, 

 and to which they are going. If they come from a hot 

 country to a cold one, then they fhould have very little 

 moifture after they have pafTed the heats ; but, if 

 they are carried from a cold country to a hot one, they 

 muft have a great fhare of moifture when they come 

 into a warmer climate, and fhould be fhaded in the day 

 from the violent heat of the fun, to which if they are 

 too much expofed, will dry them up and deftroy them.' 

 If the plants to be fent from one country to another, 

 are fuch as will live out of the ground a confiderable 

 time, as all thofe which are full of juice will do ; as 

 "the Sedums, Ficoides, Euphorbiums, Cereufes, &c. 

 then they require no other care but to pack them up 

 in a clofe box, wrapping them up well with dry Mofs, 

 obferving to place them fo clofely that they may not 

 be tumbled about, which will bruife them, and that 

 thofe plants which have fpines may not wound any of 

 the others. The box alfo fhould be placed where they 

 may receive no moifture, and where rats cannot come 

 to them, otherwife they are in danger of being eaten 

 by thofe vermin \ if thefe plants are packed too clofe, 

 they are apt to ferment, and thereby either rot, or at 

 leaft grow fickly ; to prevent which, they fhould have 

 a good quantity of dry hay or ftraw laid between them, 

 and feveral fmall holes fhould be made in the boxes, 

 to let out the noxious air. 



If thefe plants are thus carefully packed up, they will 

 grow though they fhould be two, three, or four 

 months on their pafTage ; and will be lefs liable to 

 fufFer than if planted in earth, becaufe thefailors ge- 

 nerally kill thefe plants by over watering them. 

 There are alfo feveral forts of trees, which may be 

 packed up in chefts with Mofs about them, which 

 will bear to be kept out of the ground two or three 

 months, provided it be at a feafon when they do not 

 grow \ as may be feen by the Orange-trees, Jaf- 

 mines. Capers, Olive, and Pomegranate-trees, which 

 are annually brought from Italy, and if fkilfully ma- 

 naged, very few of them mifcarry, notwithftanding 

 they are many times kept three or four months out of 



the ground. 



In fending feeds from one country to another, the 

 great care to be taken is, to fecure them from vermin, 

 and preferve them dry, otherwife they mould and de- 

 cay. The method Mr. Catefby always obferved was, 

 to put up his feeds dry into papers, and then put 



them into a dry Gourd-lhell, and feal them up ; in 



which 



