I 



the plants ?.ppear, they fl-iould be duly watered in dry 

 weather, which will greatly j^romore their growth j 

 but if the feeds are fown in autumn, the plants 

 will come up the following fpring. They muft 

 beconftantly kept clean from weeds, which, if per- 

 mitted to grow amongft them, will foon overbear 

 the plants while they are young, and either quite de- 

 ftroythcm, or fo much weaken them, that they will 

 not recover in a long time. 



The plants may remain in this feed-border until the 

 Michaelmas following, when they fhould be carefully 

 taken up, and tranfplanted where they are defigned 

 to remain. Some of them {hould be planted in pots, 

 that they may be fheltered in winter while young, left 

 thofe which are in the full ground fhould be deftroyed 



by fevere froft. 



This plant may be alfo propagated by parting of the 

 roots. The beft feafon for this work is in the fpnng, 

 juft before the plants begin to fiaoot, which is com- 

 monly about the middle or latter end of March •, but 

 in doins: of this, the roots muft not be parted too 

 fmall, for that will prevent their flowering ftrong. 

 Thefe plants perfeft their feeds in this country every 



which, if fown in autumn as foon as they are 



the plants will come up the following fpring, by 



^ ■ ■ •" • - ' The feed- 



year^ 

 ripe 



which means a whole year will be faved 



ling plants will not flower until the third year, and 



then they are feldom fo ftrong as the older plants. j 



TRIPETALOUS FLOWERS are fuch as 

 confift of three leaves, which are called petals, to dif- 

 tlnffuifti them from the leaves of plants.-^ '- ^ 



T R I P O L I U M. ■ See Aster; ■ '-'■ '■■'. .-, 



TRITICUM. Tourn. Inft. R. H. 512. tab. 292, 

 293. Lin. Gen. PI. 99. Wheat j in French, FromerJ, 

 The Characters are, ' 



^ 7/ has an oval chaffy empalement with two valves, which 

 tnclofe two' or three flowers./- The petals have a double 

 valve as large as the empalement i the oilier valve is bellied 



■ and acute-pointed, the inner is plain, The flowers have 

 three hair-like ft amina terminated by oblong forked fumnnts, 

 and a tcp-floaped germen ftipporting two hairy reflexed 

 flyks, crowned by feathery ftigmas. The germen after- 



■ -joard becomes an oval oblong feed, obtufe at both ends, con- 

 vex on one fide, and channelled on the other, wrapped up 



, in the petal of the flower. ^ V - , r j r n.- 

 This genus of plants is ranged m the lecond iection 

 of Linnius's third clafs,' which contains thofe plants 

 i whofe flowers have three ftamina^and two ftyles. i 

 - " The Species are, ^•*^^>'^/^'^:..^- ' , - : . 

 J Triticum (Hybernum) calycibus quadriflons ventri- 

 . ' cofis Isevibus, imbricatis fubmutifis. Hort. Upfal. 2i. 

 TFheat with beards, having fmooth, bellied, imbricated 

 . hulks, with four flowers. Triticum hybernum anftis 

 r/rens C B P. 21. Winter Wheat without awns, cr 



common Wheat. ^^ - ' ., , -n • 



' 2 Triticum (y«//w»jy calycibus quadriflons ventnco- 



" fis dabris imbricatis ariftatis. Hort. Upfal. 21. Beard- 

 • edWheat with fmooth imbricated bellies, and four flowers 



■ "'in each chaff Triticum aeftivum. C.B. P. 21. Summer 



• or Spring Wheat. ' /".,' 'V'-a ^- ' ' " • 



i:lmz\5U {Tiirgidum^ calycibus quadriflons ventri- 



cofis villofis imbricatis fubariftatis. Hort. Upfal. 21. 



Wheat with hairy, bellied, imbricated, obtufe hup, c on- 

 r.taining four flowers. Triticum fpica viUofa quadrata 



bTeviori & turgidiore. Mor. Hift. 3. p. 176. Whea 

 ^V.<:sjith four-cornered, floort, hairy, turgid fpikes, commonly 

 ■" called gray Pollard, or Duckbill Wheat. 

 4. Triticum (i^«^5r^//^;^0gl^imis ventn.^..o >»;— v" 

 ■^ bricatis fpicis oblongis pyramidatis. Wheat with hairy, 



bellied, imbricated hufks, and oblong pyramidal fpikes. 



•Triticum fpicS viUolS quadrata longiore anftis mu- 



■ nitum. Mon Hift. 3- P- ^76. Wheat with longer four- 



, ■ rowed, hairy fpikes armed with beards, commonly^ called 



. Cone Wheat. , .. ' 1 -n • xl a^c 



Triticum (Polomcum) calycibus biflons nudis tlol- 



culis longiffime ariftatis, racheos dentibus barbatis. 

 t:« Qr. Plnnr. T9.7. Wheat with two fl.owers m each 



Triticum 



R 



different titles, biit they are only feminal variaticnSi 

 which have rifen from culture. Some of thefe differ 

 in the colour of their chaff, and others in the forni 

 of their fpikes; but as they are fubjcft to vary, we 

 {hall not enumerate them as different fpecies. Thefe 

 are. The red Wheat without awns, the red-eared 

 bearded Wheat, many-eared Wheat, and naked Bar- 

 ley. The five forts above enumerated I have fown 

 feveral years, and have always found them conftant 



without variation. 



Where Wheat grows naturally is very hard to deter- 

 mine at prefent-, but it is generally fuppofed that 

 Africa is the country, becaufe in the earlieft accounts 

 we have of it, there is m.ention of its being tranf- 

 ported from thence to other countries, and Sicily 

 was the firft country in Europe where this grain was 

 cultivated ; but although the country of its natural 

 growth is in a very warm climate, it is found to bear 

 the inclemency of our rough climate very well ; and 

 in more northern countries, where the llimmers are 

 long enough to ripen the grain, it is found to fucceed. 

 The firft fort is the common Wheat which is fown 

 in moft parts of England, and is fo well known as 

 to need no defcription. The fpikes or ears of this are 

 long ; the grains are ranged in four rows, and he over 

 .each other like thefcalesof fifli ; the chaff" is Imooth^ 

 bellied, and is not terminated by awns or beards. 

 :• The fecond fort is called Summer or Spring Wheat ; 

 this will ripen much earlier than the other, fo has 

 often been fown in the fpring of the year, at the fame 

 time with Oats -, but if the feaion proves wet, it is 

 very fubjeft to grow tall, and have very thin grains, 

 which has difcouraged people from fowing it at that 

 ■ ■ feafonv fo that, unlefs from the feventy of the winter, 

 - or fome other accident, the winter Corn is injured, 

 the praftice of fowing Wheat in the fpnng is rarely 



ufed. • 



> ■ ■■ it\ — 'I ■■ 



Wheat 



Wheat 





3 



■ - 



Sufiex it is generally known by the title of Fullers 

 "Wheat ; this fort grows very tall, and if it is fown too 

 thick, is very apt to lodge with rain and wind, for 

 the ears are large and heavy •, they nod on one fide as 

 the grain increafes in weight. The awns are long, 

 the chaff hairy, which detains the moifture, all v/hich 

 help to lodge it, for which reafon many people do 

 not chufe to cultivate this fort ; but where the roots 

 are at a proper diftance from each other, they will puc 

 out many ftalks ftoni each; and the ftalks will be 

 ftroneer, and fupport themfelves better, and the gram 

 produces more flour in'prbportion than any of the 

 , other forts. 1; The awns of this fort always drop oft 

 ; when the grain is full grown. "V"-: .::■ : -.iiiv.. « 

 ••-.' The fourth fort is more cultivated in Oxfordfhire and 

 • Berkfhire than in any other part of England. The ears 



■: of this fort are formed like a cone, ending with a flen- 



;X der point, from whence it had the title of Cone Wheat. 



■ ■ Of this there are the white and red, which I believe 



are only varieties, for I have generally feen them 



■■; mixed in the field. The awns of this are long and 



rough, fo the farmers fay it guards the grain from 



'.bird's, which has been a recommendation to fow it, 



.,efpecially near inclofures, where there is a Chelter for 



• birds Mr. Tull prefers this fort for fowing in drills, 



. but I have feen the third fort anfwer much better in 





5 



CUP, which are long, naked, and bearded, 

 Polonicum. Pluk. Phyt. 231. f. 6. Polonian meaL 

 There are fome other varieties of Wheat, which the 

 farmers in different parts of England dillinguiih by 



- the horfe-hoeing hufbandry. r . j •;-,--. ■ 

 ' The Polonian Wheat grows tall, the ears aic ii...g ai^u. 

 ."-heavy, fo that where it is fown too thick, it is very 

 ■ ■' fubieft to be lodged •, therefore the farmers little re- 

 '.': sard it ; but it produces much flour, and therefore 



worthy of cultivation. 



The feafon for fowing of Wheat is autumn, and al- 



, ways when the ground is moift. In the downs of 

 Hampfhire, Wiltfhire, and iporfetOiire, the farmers 

 begin fowing of their Wheat in Auguft, if there hap- 

 pens rain -, fo that when they are in their harveft, if 



■ the weather flops them, they employ their people in 

 fowin^, for if the Cop is not forward in autumn, fo 

 as to 'cover the ground before wmtcr, it leldomfuc- 

 ceeds well on thole dry lands, efpecially if the fpring 

 fhould prove dry -, but in the low ftrong lands, it they 



13 M g«« 



\ 



