V A 



of a deep purple coloiir, liaving a flue upon them when 



they are iintouchetl, like the blue Plums, which rub 



off with handlin;:?;. - 



The fccond fort is of much humbler growth, feldom 



rifiniz above fix or eij^ht inches hi^h. 



The leaver ot 



m.oorv grounc 



1 in leverai parts of the 



this fort are lb like that of the Dwarf Box, as that, at 



a diftance, the pLints are often taken for it, even by 

 jTerfons of flcill. This is an evergreen flarub, which 



grows upon muuiy 



North, but it is full a^s ditnculc to tranfplant into gar- 

 dens as the other fort ; though I have been aflured by 

 perfons of credit, that they have leen this fort planted 

 to make edgings to the borders of the gardens in Nor- 

 way and Sweden, where the plants may grow much 

 better, from the cold of thofe climes, than they will 

 do in England, for this is a native of veiy cold coun- 

 tries. I have leverai times received plants of this fort 

 from Greenland, by the whale fhips. ' The berries of 

 this fort are red, and have a more agreeable acid fla- 



- vour than thofe of the firfi: fort. This fruit is fre^ 

 qucntly ufcd for tarts in leverai of the northern coun- 

 tries, where the plants grow wild upon the moors. 

 I'he third fort grows naturally in Virginia and other 

 parts of North America-, this has a low flirubby (lalk 

 like the fecond •, the leaves are fmall, oval, pointed, 

 and not unlike fome forts of Myrtle; they continue 

 green all the year-, the Rowers come out from the 

 wings of the leaves at every joint; their foot-ftalks 

 are pretty long, and nod downward ; they fuftain but 

 one flower; they are fmall, white, and are fucceeded 

 by fmall red berries which feldom ripen here. 

 The fourth fort grows naturally in marlhy grounds in 

 moft parts of North America. The ftalks of this are 

 flendcr, imbricated, and trail upon the ground ; the 

 fcales are briftly ; the leaves are oval, entire, and 



. their ed^s turn backward ; the flowers come out from 



O 



.the wings of the flialk ; they are of an herbaceous 

 white colour, and in their native foil are fucceeded 

 by large red berries, but in England the fruit never 



V A L 



Gentiany and Hungary, and feveral cf the northcrr 

 parts of America, from whence t!iofe large fiuit aic 

 brought to England, whicli are ufcd by the p:)l^rv- 

 cooks of London, during the winter Icalbn for tarts ; 

 but, as all thele forts naturally grow upon Iwam-.^ 

 and bogs, they are not eafy to tranYplar.t into gardcif.,' 

 fo as to thrive or produce fruir, therefore ther- L-.:i 

 be little hopes of cultivatina them to advantao-c. 



^^ 



V- 



1131. 



Cruciara. 



VALANTIA. Lin. Gen. Plant. 

 Tourn. Infc. 115. CroffivcrL 

 The Characters are, 



II halh hermaphrodite folitary flovccrs in the -place cf the 

 gennen, of one leaf cut into four c-jal acute fc^fwents'i ^-rJ 



lall 



empakment after^ivard becomes a thick conprejjed capfuie^ 

 containing one globular feed. 



This genus of plants is ranged in the firft feclion of 

 Linnsus's twenty-third clafs, intitled Polveamia Ivl 



iViO- 







■ comes to perfeftion. 

 t; The plants of this fort are difficult to prelervfe in Eng- 

 land, for tTiey require a mborifh boggy foil, which 

 I i-i- fhould be covered 'with Mofs, and conftantly kept 



wet, otherVvife they will not thrive. 

 'The fifth fort produces long flender branches not 

 bigger tha,n thread^which trail upon the tnoffy bogs, 

 fo are often hid by the Mofs. The branches are tliin- 

 ly garniflied with fmall leaves, about the fize and 

 (hape of thofe of Thyme, having their upper furface 

 of a {hininof mccn colour, but are white underneath. 

 The flowers are generally produced toward the extre- 



' 



ncecia, which includes thofe plants whicli have male, 

 female, and hermaphrodite flowers on the fame pfanr! 

 The Species are, 



r. Valantia {liifpida) floribus mafculis trifidis herma- 

 phroditici gcrminihifpidoinfidentibus. Lin. Sp. 1490. 

 Valantia nssith three male fio'-x^ers fitting on the hifhjd-/£r- 

 men off he hermaphrodite flowers, Aparinc icminc L^o- 

 riandri faccharati. Park. Theat. 576. Gcofc-n-ajs like 

 a Coriander cor-ft, 



2. Valantia (Muralis) floribus mafculis trindis hcrn:a- 

 phroditici germini glabro inHdentibus. Sauv. Monlp. 

 162. Valantia with three male flowers ftttino- on the 

 fmooth germen of the hermaphrodite. Cruciara" muraii'^. 

 minima Romana. Col. Ecphr. i. p. 29S. 

 Valantia {Aparina) floribus mafculis trifidis pedi- 

 cillatis hermaphroditici pedunculo infidcntibus. Horc. 

 Upfal. 302. Valantia with trifid male fl.cwcrs ftting en 

 the foot-ftalks cfthe hcrmaplorcdite flowers, Aparine fe- 

 mine l^vi. Vaill. Parif 18. Goofe-grafs with a fmcoth 

 feed, 



4. Valantia {Articulata) floribus mafculis quadriildiV, 



pedunculis diehotomis nudis foliis cordaris. Hort. 



- ■^ UpfaU 303. ' yalantia with maTe flowers which are qua- 



■:<:>. dfifi'd^' the knots of the forked ftalks naked, and he art- 



3 





x, ft^^-pcd leaves'. 

 5. Valantia {Cruciata) floribus mafculis quadrifldis, 

 ■pedunculis diphyllis. Hort. Llpfal o^oi^, Valantia with 



quadrifld 7i7ale flowers^ whofe foot-ftalks have two leaves. 

 Cruciata hirfuta. C. B. P. 335. Hairy Crofjivort. ■ 

 Thefe plants are feldom cultivated, except in botanic 

 gardens for variety. . The four forts fir It mentioned 



** 



mity of the fhoots, which are in fhape like thofe of the I are trailing annual plants ; if thefe are permitted to 

 former forts, but are fmaller, and of a red colour ; I fcatter their feeds in autumn, the plants w^ill come un, 

 thefe grow upon long flender foot-fl:alks, and are fuc- and require no farther care but to thin them, and 

 ceeded by round, red, fpotted berries, of a Iharp acid keep them clean from weeds. 



which are much e^eemed by the inhabitants J The fourth fort is an abiding plant ; this o-rows natu- 

 rally in many parts of England -, the roots are yellow, 

 and fpread greatly in the ground ; the flralks have four 

 leaves at each joint, placed in form of a crofs j the 



n of the places near the bogs where, they grow, c: Some 

 : ufe them for tarts, and others eat them with milk or 



cream. 



' 1 



-% 



This fort is a native of Ipogs, therefore cannot by any J flowers are yellow, fitting in whorls round the fl:alks-. 

 art be propagated upon dry land j but where there = It is fometimes ufed in medicine, but is generally o-a- . 

 are natural bogs, the plants may be takep up care- thered in places where it grows naturally. 



fully, preferving fome of the foil to their roots, and 

 ^- tranfplanted into the bogs in the autumn ; and if they 



are once fixed in the place, they will fpread and pro- 

 •^^' pagate themfelves in great plenty, and require no far- 

 si ther care. "^ 



* 



.*u 



* 1 v^ ^ 



VALERIANA. Tourn. Infl:. R. IL 131. tab. 52. 

 Lin. Gen. Plant."43. Valerian. ■ - '-'^ - 

 . The Characters are, ^ - 



The flower has a fmall empalemcnt ; it has one tuhulous 

 'petal cut into five fegments at the brim^ with a gibbons 



- "i -The two forts firfl: mentioned alfo propagate very fall - 'honey gland on the infide ;' it has three fmall, ereSf, awl- 



\\ by their creeping roots, fo that when they are fixed 

 ^y in a proper foil, they will foon overfpread the ground, 

 *'^ for'tne heaths, upon which they naturally grow, are 

 ' generally covered with the plants. The firft fort grows 



• with the Heath, their roots intermixing together, and 

 t* frequently is found upon fandy heaths in divers parts 



of England ; but the fecond fort grows only upon 



• mooriih land, where, by its creeping roots, the ground 

 is foon covered with the plants. 



' There are feveral other fpecies of this genus, fome of 

 ■which are natives of Spain and Portugal, others of 



■fhaped ftamina the length of the petals, terminated by 

 Youndiflo fummits, ne germen isfttuated under the flower, 

 ftipporting a flender ftyle crowned by a thick ftigma \ 



it df 



^ ^ 

 -/^. 



-> 



'K 



I. 



terward turns to a . crozvned capfulc which falls off^ in 



which is lodged afingle feed. 



This genus of plants is ranged in the finl feclion of 



Linnasus's third clafs, which contains thofe plants 



whofe flowers have three ftamina and one ftyle. 



The Species are, 



Valeriana {Phu) floribus triandris, foliis caulinis 



pinnatis, radicalibus indivifis. Hort. Upfal. ij. Vale- 

 ■ " ' - . - rian 



\ 





