A 



rian *ivith Jioivcrs having three Jlamm^ winged leases to 

 the Jlalks-, and thofe at the root undivided. Valeriana 

 hortcnfis. Dod. Pcmpt. 342. Garden Valerian. 

 2. Valeriana {Officinalis) floribus triandris, foliis om- 

 nibus pinnatis. Hort. ClifF, 15. Vah-ian zvith three 

 Jtavjina to the flcjoers^ and all the leaves ivinged. Vale- 

 riana fylveftris major. C. B. P. 164. Greater wild Va- 

 lerian , 

 Valeriana {Rubra) floribus monandris caudacis, 



foliis lanceolatis intcgerrimis. Hort. Cliff. 15. Valerian 

 ivith flowers having tails^ one jlamina^ and fpear-JJoaped 

 entire leaves. Valeriana rubra. C. B. P. 165. Red 



Valerian, 



3 



5 



Valeriana {Angujlifolia) floribus monandris cauda- 

 tis, foliis linearibus integerrimis. Valerian with tailed 

 flowers having one ftamina^ and linear entire leaves, 

 Valeriana rubra anguftifolia. C.B.P.i 65. Narrow- 



lecved red Valerian, .'.,.' 



foliis 



Valeriana {Calcitrapa) floribus monandris, 



vith flowers 

 Valeriana 



pinnatifidis. Hort. Upfal. 14. 

 having one ftamina and wing-pointed leaves, 

 foliis calcitrap^e, C. B. P. 164. Valerian with leaves 

 ' like thofe of the Star-thiflle. 



6. Valeriana {Pyrenaica) floribus triandris, foliis cau- 

 liniscordatis ferratis petiolatis, fummis ternatis. Hort. 

 Cliff. 15. Valerian with three ftamina to the flowers^ and 

 heart-fhaped flawed leaves grooving on foot-ftalks^ placed 

 by threes at the top, Valeriana maxima Pyrenaica, ca- 

 lis foho. Tourn. Infl:. R. H. 131. The largeft Pyre- 

 nean Valerian with a foreign CoWs-foot leaf, . 



7. Valeriana (Celtica) floribus triandris, foliis ovato- 

 oblongis obtufis integerrimis. Lin. Mat. Med. 23, 

 Valerian with three ftamina to the fkwers^ and oblongs 

 GvaU blunts eiitire leaves. Nardus Celtica. J. B. 3. p. 



' 205. Celtic Nard, ' ■ - - .- 



8. Valeriana {Siberica) floribus tetrandis sequalibus, 

 foliis pinnatifidis, feminibus palea ovali adnatis. Hort. 

 Upfal. 13. Valerian with four equal ftamina to the flowers^ 

 wing-pointed leaves^ and feeds f aft ened by an oval hufk, 

 Valeriana lutea humilis. Amman. Ruth. 18. Low yel- 

 low Valerian. 



*< \< 



r-?' 



o. VALi:RrAMA (Locufta) floribus triandris caule dicho- 

 • tomo, foliis linearibus. Flor. Suec. 32. Valerian with 

 a forked ftalk and linear leaves. Valeriana arvenfis, pre- 

 cox humilior, femine compreflb. Mor. Umb. 1;,'^, 

 Corn-fallad or^LamFs'lettuce. T -J-w > -:■ "^ ' 



10. Valeriana (F^/^^ixn^j) caule dichotomo, foliis lan- 

 ceolatis ferratis, calycibus inflatis. Hort. Cliff. i6. Va- 

 lerian with a forked ftalk^ fpear-fhaped flawed leaves^ 



■ end fwollen empalements. Valerianelle Crecica, fruftu 

 veficario. Tourn. Cor. 6. Candia Lamb's-lettucewith a 



' bladder fruit. 



11, Valeriana {Coronata) caule dichotomo, foliis lan- 

 ceolatis dentatis, fru6lu fexdentato.' Hort. Cliff. 16. 

 Valerian with a forked ftalk^ fpear-fhaped indented leaves^ 



: and a fruit having ftx indentures. Valerianeila femine 

 fte Uato. C. B. P. 1 65, Lamb' s-lettuce with a ftarry fruit. 

 11. Valeriana (C^r««^^/>/^) floribus diandris ringenti 

 ' bus, foliis ovatis feffilibus. Hort. CYiS. ig. Valerian 

 „,th a ringent flower having two ftamina^ and oval leaves 

 fet clofle to theflalk. Valerianeila cornucopoides, flore 

 galeato. Mor. Umb. LamV s-lettuce with a helmet flower 

 like thofe of the Cornucopia. ^ , ■ ^ 

 There are feveral other fpecies of this, genus, fome of 

 which grow naturally in England, and. others in dif- 

 ferent parts of Europe •, but as they are feldom cul- 

 tivated in gardens, they are omitted, left the work 

 (hould fwell too much beyond its intended bulk. ; 

 The firltof thefc forts grows naturally in Alfatia, but 

 is propagated in England for medicinal ufe, and is 

 called in the ftiops by the name pf Phu, to diftinguifh 

 it from the Mountain Valerian, which is alfo ufed in 

 medicine, and is preferred to all the other forts by 

 the modern phyficians % though the rootsof this firfl: 

 are ftill continued in fome of the capital medicines, 

 and are by fome efteemed equal in virtue, if not fu- 

 perior, to the wild fort. 



This hath thick, flcfliy, jointed roots, which fp read 

 near the furface of the ground in a very irregular 

 manner, croffing each other, and matting together by 



fr « 



V A L 



their fmaller fibres ; thcfe have a very ftrong ftcnt, 

 efpecially when dry. The lower leaves, which rife 

 immediately from the root, are many of them entire ; 

 others are divided into three, five, or fevcn obtufe 

 lobes ; they are of a pale green colour and fmooth. 

 The ftalks rife three or four feet high ; they arc hol- 

 low, and fend out branches from their fide by pairs, 

 and are garniftied with winged leaves, placed oppo- 

 fitc at each joint, which are compofed of four or five 

 pair of long narrow lobes terminated by an odd one. 

 The ftalks, and alfo the branches, are terminated by 

 flowers difpofed in form of an umbel ; they are fmall, 

 tubulous, white, and cut flightly at the brim into 

 five parts ; thefe appear in May and June, and are 

 fucceeded by oblong flat feeds having a downy crown. 

 vThis plant is propagated by parting of its roots, either 

 in the fpring or autumn, but the latter is muca pre- 

 ferable to the former, which fhould be planted in bi-ds 

 of frefli dry earth, about two feet afunder, for they com- 

 monly fpread and multiply very faft. If the feafon is 

 dry, you muft water the plants until they have taken 

 rootj after which they will require no further care, 

 but to keep them clean from weeds ; and in autumn, 

 when their leaves are decayed,*the roots fliould be ta- 

 ken up and dried for ul'e. 



The fecond fort is generally found upon dry chalky 

 foils in fliady places, in divers parts of England. The 

 roots of this, which grow wild upon fuch foils, are 

 much preferable to thofe of the fame kind which are 

 cultivated in gardens; which is alfo the fame of all the 

 forts of aromatic plants, when gathered from their na- 

 tive places of growth, where they are fmaller, but 

 have a ftronger flavour. 



The roots of this plant are compofed of long fleftiy 

 fibres which are flender, and unite in heads. All the 

 leaves of this fort are winged -, thofe at the bottom 

 are compofed of broader lobes than thofe on the ftalks, 

 and are notched on their edges \ they are compofed of 

 fix or feven pair of lobes terminated by an an odd one -, 

 thefe end in acute points, and are hairy. The ftalks, 

 in their natural fituation, feldom grow much more 

 than a foot high \ but, when the roots are cultivated 

 . in a garden, they grow more than twice that height ; 

 thefe are channelled, hollow, hairy, and are garniftied 

 at each joint with two winged leaves placed oppofice, 

 whofe lobes are very narrow and almoft entire. At 

 the upper part of the ftalk comes out two fmall fide 

 branches oppofite ; thefe, and alfo the principal ftalk, 

 are terminated by clufters of flowers formed into a 

 kind of umbel, which are ftiaped like thofe of the 

 firft fort, but arc fmaller^ ^nd have a tiiige of purple 

 on their outfide. ■ It flowers about the fame time with 

 the firft fort. '- - . :- 1 :, * ' * .- - ■' = 



- " 



This plant may alfo be propagated by parting the 

 roots either in fpring or autumn, as was direfted for 

 the firft fort, but you fliould always obferve to plant 

 them upon a dry, frefli, undunged foil, in which, 

 though the roots will not make near fo great progrefs 

 as in a rich moift foil, yet they will be much prefera- 

 able to them for ufe, Thefe roots fliould alfo be ta- 

 ken up when the leaves decay in autumn, and pre-' 

 ferved dry until ufed. 

 ■ The third fort grows naturally in rough ftony places 

 in the fouth of France, and in Italy, but has been long 

 cultivated in the Englifli gardens for ornament. 

 The roots of this fort are ligneous, and as thick as a 

 man's finger, fpreading out on every fide very wide. 

 The ftalks rife about three feet high ; they are round, 

 fmooth, of a grayifli colour, and hollow, thefe are 

 g^rnifhed at each joint with fmooth fpear-fliaped 

 leaves near three inches long and one broad, drawing 

 to a point at each end \ they are generally placed by 

 pairs,, but fometimes there are three at the lame joint 

 ttanding round the ftalk. The upper part of the ftalk 

 fends out branches by pairs, which, with the princi- 

 pal ftalk, are terminated with red flowers growing in 

 clufters, which have long tubes, cut into five parts at 

 the top, and from the tube is fent out a fpur or heel 

 like the flowers of Larkfpur. It flowers moftpart of 

 fummer, and the feeds ripen accordingly in fucceffion ; 



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