V 



o 



the flav.crs are very beautiful, and there is a conftant 

 fuccefnon ot them all the fuinmer. 



Y I N CI T O X I C U M. Sec Asclepias. 

 \'l N E. Sec ViTis. 



VLOLA. Tourn, Inft. R, H.419. tab. 236. Lin. Gen. 

 Plant. 898. Violcr. ^ 



The Characters are, 



1'be fc:z-er has a fmrt permanent cmpalement of jive 

 leaves^ ^j:hich are differently ranged in the different _/ 

 aes. 1'heflovjcr is of the ringent kind, and is compofedof 

 . Jiyc UKcc^iial petals ; the upper is broad, obtufe, and in- 

 .denied at the pointy having a horned ne^Iarium at the 

 hafe i tvca fide petals are oppofite, the tv:o lower are 

 larger, fifing and refexed j // has fite fmall flamina, 

 ^j;bich are annexed as appendages to the. entrance of the 

 ncrtarinm, terminated by cbtufi fummits^ which are fome- 



e- 



crowned hy an oblique ffigmal 



fupp 

 fum 



The germen afterward 

 turns to an oval threc^orncvcd capfule with one cell, 

 . _ eprning with three valves^ including many oval feeds. 

 This genus of plants is ranged in the fifth feftion of 

 Linnreus's nineteenth clafs, which includes thofe plants 

 whofe flowers are finglein the cmpakments, but have 

 their fummits connected. 

 The Species are, 

 I. VioEA {Odcrata) acaulisj^foliis cordatis, ftolonibus 



Violet having no 

 Z /hoots, Viola 



rcptantibas. Lin. Sp. Plant. 934. 

 ^alksy heart-fhaped leaves, and creep 



martia purpurea, flore fimplici odoroT C. B. P, 199. 



Purple March Violet, with a Jingle fjoeet flower f ^, '- 

 . Viola {Hirta) acaulis, foliis cordatis pilofo-hifpidis. 



Flor. Suec. 718. Violet without a flalky having heart- 

 fjjaped leaves with flinging hairs. . Viola martia hirfuta 



inodora. Mor. Jii£ z. p. 475. Hairy, fcentlefs, March 



Violet. . ■ V ■■ ,..: . 



^ ^ V 



i-\ J- ' l 



5. Viola (Ptf/«/?r/V/ acaulis, foliis reniformibus. Hal- 

 . . Icr. Helvet. 50 1 . Viokt without a fialk^ having kidney- 

 ■ fhapel leaves. Viola paluftris rotundifolio, glabra. 



^ Mor.Hift. I. p. 475. March Violet with round fmooth 



leaves. ' - ... ... ,J 



4. YiohK fMirahilis) caule triquetro, foliis reniformi- 

 cordatis, floribus caulinis apetalis. Lin. Sp. 1326. Vi- 

 clet with a three-cornered ftalk, kidney heart-floaped leaves, 

 end flowers whofe petals are faflened to thejlalks. Vi- 

 . ola rnpntana latifglia. Acres .e. radice, femina in cacu- 

 ^ mine ferens. Hort, Elth. 408. tab. 303, Mountain 

 Violet with a broad leaf whofe flowers and feeds join to 

 the roots. " - ';_;.,.■-' 



5." Viola {Multifida) acaulis, foliis pedatis feptenipar- 

 ., -titis. Lin. Sp. Plant. 933. Violet without a ftalk, and 



leaves growing like feet, divided into feven parts. Viola 

 I Virginiana tricolor, foliis multifidis, cauliculo aphyllo. 



Pluk. Aim. 388. Three-coloured Virginia Violet, with 



mam-pointed leaves, and a naked flalk. 



6. Viola {Pinnata) acaulis, foliis pinnatifidis. Lin. Sp. 



. Plant. 734. Violet without a flalky and leaves havwgma- 

 l ny points. Viola Alpina, folio in plures partes difledo. 

 ; C. B. P. 199. Alpine Violet^ with a leaf cut into many 



farts. , ' ; '. ' - , :v * .:■' 



7. Viola (Qv;^^J acaulis, grandiflora, foliis ovalibus 



/ uniformibus integerrimis. Allion. Violet without a ftalk, 

 ^ leaving a large flower-^ and oval entire leaves which are 



• uniform. ' 



8. Viola (Montana) caulibus ereftis, foliis cordatis ob- 

 longis, Lin. Sp. Plant. g^S- Violet with ere£I flalks, 



,_ Cftd oblong heart-fhaped leaves. Viola martia arbore- 

 fcens purpurea. C. B. P. 199. Tree-like purple March 



. Violet. - - : , ■ - ■ " - -.-: - \ v< - 



9. Viola {Tricolor) caule triquetro difFufo, foliis ob- 

 longis dcntatis, ftipulis dentatis. Flor. Suec. 721. 



. Violet with a three-cornered diffufed ftalk, oblong indented 



leaves^ and indented ftipuU. Viola tricolor hortenfis 



- repens. C. ^. P. 199. Creeping three-coloured Garden 



. Violet, commonly called Hear t's-eafe or Panfles. 



to. Viola (Calcarata) caule difFufo decumbente, foliis 



.-oblongis incifis, ftolonibus rcptatricibus. Violet with a 



■ dtffufed trailing ftalk, oblong cut leaves, and creeping 



fjoots. Viola montana, lutea grandiflora. C. B. P. 



^ 2po. Tdlow Mountain Violet with a lar^e flower. 



o 



The firft fort ^vhich is the com.r.on fwcet Violet, 

 grows naturally under hedges in the ncighbourhcx>cl 

 of London; but jn kveral of the diftant counties, tl^ 

 Violet wit lout fcent is the n.oft freauem. Of the 

 common Violet there are the following vanetlcsj the 

 fingle blue and white, the doub'e blue ...! J-i.te 

 and the pale purple. Thefe are all of them common!; 

 prefervcd in gardens for t!>c odour of their Rowers , 

 tins has a thick fibrous root, fendiig fordi lone trail- 

 ing fliGots which put out fibres, and take root in the 

 ground, whereby it fpreads and props^ates The 

 leaves grow upon pretty long foot-flalks ; thev are 

 heart-iluped, and fomewliat l.airv. The flowcr«'fta-id 

 upon flender naked foot-ftalks, 'which arife immedi- 

 ately from the heads of the plants ; thev are of an ir- 

 regular figure, in fome refcmbling the fnout of an 

 animal, compoled of five unequal petals, one of which 

 has a heel, or horned nedtarium at the bale The'e 

 flowers generally appear in March, from whence theV 

 had the -appellation of March Violets. ■ After the 

 flowers are paft, the germen Iwells to a roundifh cap- 

 fule with three furrows, having one cell, in which 

 are lodged four or five round feeds which ripen in 



July- 



The flowers of this fort are one of the four cordial 

 flowers ; they are efteemed cooling, moiftcning, and 

 laxative. The leaves of the plants are fomctimes ufed 

 in clyfters ; but the flowers of tlu fecond fort have 

 been frequently brought to the markets, and fold for 

 this, which have no fcent, fo are unfit for the 'lur- 

 pofes intended, but being larger they fill the meafurc 

 fooner. 



The fecond fort is found growing natufally in many* 

 parts of England, The If avcs ofthls fort are larger 

 and are covered with rough ftinging hairs. The 

 flowers are larger and have no fcent, which are the 

 only differences.. ; •, '-^ 



The third fort grows naturally in marflies and on boss 

 in feveral parts of England. The leaves of this ard 

 fmall, kidney-fliaped, and fmooth. The flowers are 

 ^ fmall, and of a pale blue colour •, they appear in 

 June, and are fucceeded by fmall oblong capfulcs 

 filled with roundifli feed. 



The fourth fort grows naturally in Germany and Swe- 

 den ; it is preferved in fome curious gardens for va- 

 riety. The leaves of this are fpear-lhaped and entire 



; flianding upon foot-ltalks. The flowers are larger 

 than thofe of the common fort, but have no fcent. -' 

 The fifth fore is a native of North America. The 



,:• leaves of ,^thi| are.divided into kvcn parts or lobes 

 whicTi are united at the foot-fl:aIk. The flowers flrand 

 upon naked foot-fl:alks'; they are of the Panfy kind 

 and have no fcent i they appear in June, but arc not 

 fucceeded by feeds here. 



The fixth fort grows naturally on the Alps ; this was 



. fent me by Dr. Allione from Turin ; it is a very low 



plant, feldom rifing two inches high. The leaves are 



• fmall, and cut into wing points j the flowers are of a 



pale blue colour, and appear in June. ,. r . ^ ^ 



The feventh fort was fent me by the fame gentleman ' 



who found it growing on the Alps j this is an hum- 



ble plant, with oval, entire, uniform leaves, not more 



.than half an inch long, and a quarter broad, fl:andino- 



upon fhort foot-fl:alks. The flowers a " "^ 



light blue colour, and appear in June. 



no fcent. 



The flowers are large, of a 



Thele have 



The eighth fort grows naturally on the Alps, and the 

 mountains in Auftria. :;,The root of this is perennial 

 but the fl:alks and leaves decay in autumn; this has 

 ered fl:alks which rife more than a foot high ; thev 

 are garnifiied with oblong heart-fhaped leaves.' The 

 flowers ftand upon long foot-fl:alks, which fpring from 

 the wings cf the ftalks ; they arc {baped like thofe of 

 the Dog Violet, and are of a pale ^lue colour; thefe 

 appear the end of May, and are fucceeded by round- 

 iih capfules filled with fmall feeds, which ripen in 

 Augulh 



The ninth fort is the HcartVeafe or Panfies, which 

 grows naturally in fome of the northern counties of 

 England, but is generally cultivated in gardens. OT 



*- thia 



15 



