As fcori as the leaves begin to 4rop in autumn, you 

 ihould prune thefe young Vines again, leaving'three 

 buds to each of the fhoocs, provided chey are Itrong, 

 ocherwife it is_ better to fhorten them down to two 

 eyes if they are good ; for it is a very wrong praftice 

 to leave much wood upon young Vines, or to leave 

 their fhoots too long, which greatly weakens the roots; 

 then you Ihould taften them to the wall, fpreading 

 them out horizontally each way, that there may be 

 room to train the new fhoots the following fummer, 

 and in the fpring dig the borders as before. 

 Th€ third feafon you muft go over the Vines again 

 as loon as they begin to (hoot, to rub ofFalldar^glers 

 as before, and train the ftrong fhoots in their proper 

 places, which this year may be fuppofed to be two 

 from each ihoot.of the laft year's wood ; but if they 

 attempt to produce two fhoots from one eye, the 

 weakcft of them mull be rubbed off, for there fhould 

 never be more than one allowed to coma out of each 

 eye. If any of them produce fruit, as many times 

 they will the third year, you fhould not flop them 

 fo foon as is generally pradtifed upon the bearing 

 fhoots of old Vines, but permit them to fhoot forward 

 till a mon-th after Midlummer, at which time you 

 may pinch off the tops of the fhoots ; for if thi? w^re 

 done too foon, it would fpoil the buds for the next 



^ year's wood, which in young Vines muft be more 

 carefully preferved than on older plants, becaufe th?re 

 are no other flioots to be laid in for a fupply of wood, 

 as is commonly pradtifed on old Vines. ;; ;.> ,- ^-; 

 During the fummer you muft conftantly go over ypur 

 Vines, and difplace all weak lateral fhoots as thty are 

 produced, and carefully keep the ground clear from 



. weeds^ as was before direftcd, that the fhoots may 

 ripen well; which is a niaterial thing to be obfcrved 

 in moft forts^pf fruit-trees, but efpecially in Vines, 



'which feldorh produce any fruit from imipature 



. branches. Thefe things being duly obferved, are all 

 fhat is necefTary in the nianagement. of young Vines -, 

 ' I fhall therefore proceed to lay down rules for the go- 

 vernment of grown Vines, which Ifhalldo'is bri^y 

 as poffible. And, ■ -^ ^ ; ' 



Firft, Vines rarely produce any bearing flioots from 

 ■wood that is more than one year old, therefore great 

 .care fhould be taken to have flK:h wood in every part 

 -of the trees ; for the fruit are always produced upon 

 the ftioots of the fame year, which coii?e put fr9m 

 buds of the laft year's wood. The method coq:jm9n- 

 ]y praftifed by the gardeners in England is, to fhorten 

 the branches of the former year's growth^i d9W|^to 

 three or four eyes, at the time of. pruning; thQUgh 

 there " are fome perfons who leave thefe fhopts fl^i^ch 

 longer, and affirm that by this pr^fticethe^ 9bjta.i9 a 

 greater quantity of fruit j but however this may be, 

 it is a very wrong praftice, " fince it is impoffible, that 

 .one fhoot can npurilh forty or fifty bunches pf Qrapcs, 

 io well as it can ten or twelve ; fo that what Is gotten 

 in number, is loft in their .magnitude ; he$(iqs,,/the 



• 9 

 ^4r 



igreater quancity of fruit there is left on Viijes^ the 

 later they are ripened, and their juice is not fo rich ; 

 and this is well known in the .yfip^' countries, wh^re 

 there are law.s pnafted to dircfft t^e.ijiimber afl.4 length 

 pf fhoots that are to be left upon each Vine^, left by 

 overbearing them, they not :only exhawft and weaken 

 the j-qots, bu.p. .t^ere.by rcAd^er Xhe ivypf m^h.^^sA ^ 

 deftroy the reputation of their wine. ^^^^>^r:;-h tj 

 .Wherefore the beft method is, tto =fti^«€jj the bfiwng 

 flioots to about foy r f yes io. ile;^th, ib^wpfe the Ipw- 

 ^rmqft .feldom is good, and thr^e buds ar-e fuifiicient, 

 for each of thefe will produce a fhoot, which gcne- 

 ^-rally has two or three hunches ^pf(}i;apes v fo that 

 .frpcn .each of thofe fhoots therq may be Qxpefted fix 

 ^r eight bunches, which is a ifafficicnt quantity. 

 Thefe , fhopts pu ft be laid;ahouj:fiightec;nin5;hg§,.af>in- 

 jder, fpi* if ^hjey are clofer^ when the fide fhoots are 

 produced, there will not be room enough fto tf^in 

 them againft the'-g?«U, which IhouW .always, bp ;pro- 

 yided for .; and las their Ipave? arc very large, ^the | Jipei^^d. ; 

 ibraaches .fixouW be left ^t a pjopprtipnable diftance 



h 



from each other, that they may not croud or fhade 

 the fruit. 



At the winter pruning of your Vines you fliould al- 

 ways obferve to make the cut juft above the eye, 

 Hoping it backward from it, that if it fhould bleed, 

 the fap might not flow upon the bud ; and where 

 there is an opportunity of cutting down fome young 

 fhoots to two eyes, in order to produce vigorous fiioots 

 for the next year's bearing, it fliould always be done, 

 becaufe in flopping of thofe fhoots which have fruit 

 upon them as foon as the Grapes are formed, which 

 is frequently pradifed, it often fpoils the eyes for pro- 

 ducing bearing branches the following year, and this 

 referving of new wood is what the vignerons abroad 

 always praftife in their vineyards. The bcft feafon 

 forpruning of Vines is the end of Oftober, for the 

 reafons before laid down. ■ 



The latter end of April, or the beginning of May^ 

 when the Vines, begin to fhoot, you muft carefully 

 look them over, rubbing off all fmall buds which 

 may come from the old wood, which only produce 

 weak dangling branches; as alfo when two fhoots are 

 produced from the fame bud, the weakeft of them 

 fhould be difplaced, which will caufe the others to be 



. ftrohger ; and the fooner this is done, the better it is 

 for th^ Vines. 



In the middle of May you muft go over them again, 

 rubbing off all the dangling fhoots as before, and at 

 the fame time you muft faften up all the ftrong 



. branches, fo that they may not hang from the wall ; 

 for if their fhoots hang down, their leaves will be 

 turned with their upper furfaces the wrong way, and 



: when the fhoots are afterwards trained upright, they 

 will have their undgr furfa(jp upward ;*apd until the 

 leaves are turned again, and have taken their right 

 ppfuion, the fruit will not thrive •, fo' that the not 

 obferv.ing this management, will cauf? the Grapes to 

 be a fortnight or three weeks later before they ripen ; 

 befides, by fuffering the fruit to hang from the wall, 



^ and be fhaded with the clofenefs pf the branches, it 

 is greatly retarded in its growth ; therefore, during 

 the growing feafojn, you fhould conftantly look over 

 the Vines, difplacing all dangling branches and wild 

 w^opd, and faften up the other flioots regularly to the 

 wall, as they are extend.ed in length; and towards the 

 middle of June you fhould ftop the bearing branches, 



.. .which will ftrengthen the fruit, provided you always 



^ kay.ie Jth/ee eyes above the bunches ; for if yqu fj:pp 

 them top foon, if will injure the fruit, by taking away 



^'J^ P^^^ of jhc bf^iifilv^hich k neceffary to attraft 



. , fhp npurjfhment to ;h^ fruit, as alfo to perfpire off the 

 oruditi^s of the Tap, which is not proper for the frpit 



., But although I recommend the flopping thofe fhopts 

 which have fruit at this feafon, yet this i$ not to^be 



. praftifed upon thofe which are intended for bearing 

 the next year, for thefe muft not be flopped before 

 the middle of July, left, by flopping them too foon, 



■ you cjiufe the eyes to ftioot put ftf ong latep^l bpai^ph^s, 

 whereby they will be greatly injured. ' ' '', ._ ' ;>:n 



- During the lummer feafon you fliould beyery careful 

 ^;;p rUj^ off all dangling branches, and j:;ain up the 

 ftioots regularly to the wall as before, which will 



.^ greatly accelerate the growth of the fruit, '"and a^fo 

 adHiit -the fun and air to them, which is abfolucely 

 necefTary to ripen and give the fruit a.^ich flavour -, 



. but you muft never divefl: the branchp? of ,the^r Icavles, 

 as is the praftice pf fome perfons ; for although the 

 admitting of the fun muft be necefTary to ripen thepi, 



yet if they are too much expofed thereto, th.e;r fj^^ns 

 will be tpugh, and it will retard their ripening -, befides, 

 the leaves being abfolutely neceffary to nourilh the 

 Ihiit, by taking them . op*, the frqjit is flarved, and 

 JfeJ4ftW PPP^^s tp ^ny fizp, as I have feveral times 9b- 

 ^^rvedj therefore a great regard fhould be' had to the 



he Vines, where perfpns 



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